A phenology-based vegetation index for improving ratoon rice mapping using harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 data

Ratoon rice,which refers to a second harvest of rice obtained from the regenerated tillers originating from the stubble of the first harvested crop,plays an important role in both food security and agroecology while requiring minimal agricultural inputs.However,accurately identifying ratoon rice crops is challenging due to the similarity of its spectral features with other rice cropping systems(e.g.,double rice).Moreover,images with a high spatiotemporal resolution are essential since ratoon rice is generally cultivated in fragmented croplands within regions that frequently exhibit cloudy and rainy weather.In this study,taking Qichun County in Hubei Province,China as an example,we developed a new phenology-based ratoon rice vegetation index(PRVI)for the purpose of ratoon rice mapping at a 30 m spatial resolution using a robust time series generated from Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2(HLS)images.The PRVI that incorporated the red,near-infrared,and shortwave infrared 1 bands was developed based on the analysis of spectro-phenological separability and feature selection.Based on actual field samples,the performance of the PRVI for ratoon rice mapping was carefully evaluated by comparing it to several vegetation indices,including normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI),enhanced vegetation index(EVI)and land surface water index(LSWI).The results suggested that the PRVI could sufficiently capture the specific characteristics of ratoon rice,leading to a favorable separability between ratoon rice and other land cover types.Furthermore,the PRVI showed the best performance for identifying ratoon rice in the phenological phases characterized by grain filling and harvesting to tillering of the ratoon crop(GHS-TS2),indicating that only several images are required to obtain an accurate ratoon rice map.Finally,the PRVI performed better than NDVI,EVI,LSWI and their combination at the GHS-TS2 stages,with producer's accuracy and user's accuracy of 92.22 and 89.30%,respectively.These results demonstrate that the proposed PRVI based on HLS data can effectively identify ratoon rice in fragmented croplands at crucial phenological stages,which is promising for identifying the earliest timing of ratoon rice planting and can provide a fundamental dataset for crop management activities.

The underlying mechanism of variety–water–nitrogen–stubble damage interactions on yield formation in ratoon rice with low stubble height under mechanized harvesting

Agronomic measures are the key to promote the sustainable development of ratoon rice by reducing the damage from mechanical crushing to the residual stubble of the main crop, thereby mitigating the impact on axillary bud sprouting and yield formation in ratoon rice. This study used widely recommended conventional rice Jiafuzhan and hybrid rice Yongyou 2640 as the test materials to conduct a four-factor block design field experiment in a greenhouse of the experimental farm of Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, China from 2018 to 2019.The treatments included fertilization and no fertilization, alternate wetting and drying irrigation and continuous water flooding irrigation, and plots with and without artificial crushing damage on the rice stubble. At the same time, a 13C stable isotope in-situ detection technology was used to fertilize the pot experiment. The results showed significant interactions among varieties, water management, nitrogen application and stubble status.Relative to the long-term water flooding treatment, the treatment with sequential application of nitrogen fertilizer coupled with moderate field drought for root-vigor and tiller promotion before and after harvesting of the main crop, significantly improved the effective tillers from low position nodes. This in turn increased the effective panicles per plant and grains per panicle by reducing the influence of artificial crushing damage on rice stubble and achieving a high yield of the regenerated rice. Furthermore, the partitioning of 13C assimilates to the residual stubble and its axillary buds were significantly improved at the mature stage of the main crop, while the translocation rate to roots and rhizosphere soil was reduced at the later growth stage of ratooning season rice. This was triggered by the metabolism of hormones and polyamines at the stem base regulated by the interaction of water and fertilizer at this time. We therefore suggest that to achieve a high yield of ratoon rice with low stubble height under mechanized harvesting, the timely application of nitrogen fertilizer is fundamental,coupled with moderate field drying for root-vigor preservation and tiller promotion before and after the mechanical harvesting of the main crop.

Improved Yield Prediction of Ratoon Rice Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Multi-Temporal Feature Method

Pre-harvest yield prediction of ratoon rice is critical for guiding crop interventions in precision agriculture.However,the unique agronomic practice(i.e.,varied stubble height treatment)in rice ratooning could lead to inconsistent rice phenology,which had a significant impact on yield prediction of ratoon rice.Multi-temporal unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-based remote sensing can likely monitor ratoon rice productivity and reflect maximum yield potential across growing seasons for improving the yield prediction compared with previous methods.Thus,in this study,we explored the performance of combination of agronomic practice information(API)and single-phase,multi-spectral features[vegetation indices(VIs)and texture(Tex)features]in predicting ratoon rice yield,and developed a new UAV-based method to retrieve yield formation process by using multi-temporal features which were effective in improving yield forecasting accuracy of ratoon rice.The results showed that the integrated use of VIs,Tex and API(VIs&Tex+API)improved the accuracy of yield prediction than single-phase UAV imagery-based feature,with the panicle initiation stage being the best period for yield prediction(R^(2) as 0.732,RMSE as 0.406,RRMSE as 0.101).More importantly,compared with previous multi-temporal UAV-based methods,our proposed multi-temporal method(multi-temporal model VIs&Tex:R^(2) as 0.795,RMSE as 0.298,RRMSE as 0.072)can increase R^(2) by 0.020-0.111 and decrease RMSE by 0.020-0.080 in crop yield forecasting.This study provides an effective method for accurate pre-harvest yield prediction of ratoon rice in precision agriculture,which is of great significance to take timely means for ensuring ratoon rice production and food security.

Optimal management of nitrogen fertilizer in the main rice crop and its carrying-over effect on ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China

This study attempted to clarify the carrying-over effect of different nitrogen treatments applied to the main crop on the crop population growth and yield formation of ratoon rice under mechanized cultivation in Southeast China.Based on the constant total nitrogen application amounts(225.00 kg ha;)in the main crop,an experiment with different ratios of basal and topdressing nitrogen fertilizer(the ratio of basal fertilizer:primary tillering fertilizer:secondary tillering fertilizer:booting fertilizer at 3:1:2:4(N1),3:2:1:4(N2),3:3:0:4(N3),and 4:3:0:3(N4),respectively,and a control without nitrogen treatment(N0))was set up across two consecutive years in field using hybrid rice variety Yongyou 1540 as the test materials.The results showed that the total tiller number and effective tillering percentage increased in the main crop under the N1 treatment,more nitrogen fertilizer applied in late growth stage of the main crop,and its effective tillering percentage of the main crop was the highest at up to 70.18%,which was 9.15%higher than that of conventional fertilization treatment(N4),more nitrogen fertilizer applied in early growth stage of the main crop.The same tendency was observed in leaf area index(LAI)value of the main crop and its subsequent ratoon rice,which were 16.52 and 29.87%higher,respectively,in the N1 treatment than that in the N4 treatment at the full heading stage.The same was true in the case of the transport rates of stem and sheath dry mater and the canopy light interception rates in both the main and its ratoon crops.The transport rate of stem and sheath in main crop rice under N1 treatment increased by 50.57%compared with N4 treatment.The canopy light interception rate of N1 treatment increased by 5.07%compared with N4 treatment at the full heading stage of the ratoon crop.Therefore,the total actual yield was the highest in the main and its ratoon crops under N1 treatment,averaging 17351.23 kg ha;in two-year trials,which was 23.00%higher than that in the conventional fertilization treatment(N4).The results showed that appropriate nitrogen treatment was able to produce a good crop stand in the main crop,which was essential for producing a good ratoon crop population and high yield especially under mechanized cultivation with low stubble height of the main crop.The study suggested that shifting the proper nitrogen application amounts to the late growth stage of the main crop,such as N1 treatment,not only had a higher productive effect on ensuring the yield of the main crop,but also had a positive effect on the axillary bud sprouts from the stubbles for ratoon rice,resulting in an increased percentage of productive panicles and achieving the goal of one planting with two good harvests under the conditions of our study.

Effect of Different Sowing Dates in South Henan 's Rice-growing Areas on the Growth and Yield of Ratoon Rice

In order to determine the optimal sowing date of ratoon rice in South Henan's rice-growing areas,this paper performs a comparative analysis of rice growth process,seedling quality and yield of first season rice and ratoon rice under different sowing date treatments. The results show that under climatic conditions( 2014),by using dry seedling cultivation in a small plastic shed,the growth of seedling sown on February21 was affected,while the sowing treatments from March 1 to April 11 can breed normal seedlings,and in this period,the maturity period of first season rice was delayed with prolonged sowing date,and ratoon rice yield declined with prolonged sowing date( total production of rice sown on 11 March reaching a peak). Thus,it is considered that the optimal sowing date of ratoon rice in South Henan's rice-growing areas is mid-March.

Amylose Content,Morphology,Crystal Structure,and Thermal Properties of Starch Grains in Main and Ratoon Rice Crops

Rice ratooning,or the production of a second rice crop from stubble after the harvest of the main crop,is considered to be a green and resource-efficient rice production system.The present study was conducted to examine variance in amylose content(AC),grain morphology,crystal structure,and thermal properties of starch between main-and ratoon-season rice of seven varieties.Ratoon-season rice grains had higher ACs and significantly lower transition gelatinization temperatures(To,Tp,and Tc)than did main-season rice grains.The relative crystallinity and lamellar peak intensity of ratoon-season rice starch were 7.89%and 20.38%lower,respectively,than those of main-season rice starch.In addition,smaller granules with smoother surfaces and lower thermal parameters were observed in the starch of ratoon-season rice.The relative crystallinity and lamellar peak intensity of starch correlated negatively with the AC and positively with transition gelatinization temperatures.These results suggest that the superior cooking quality of ratoon-season rice is attributable to the moderate increase of grain AC,which reduces the relative crystallinity,weakens the crystal structure,and lead to a decrease in the gelatinization temperature.

Factors Affecting Yield and Yield Components of Main and Ratoon Rice：A Review

Rice ratooning refers to the production of second crop from the stubble after the harvest of main crop. Main and ratoon rice growth and development are affected by different factors. These factors include varieties selection, water management,fertilizer management, stubble height, plant protection practices and external environmental factors such as temperature and light.In this review, we discussed the different factors affecting the yield and yield components of main and ratoon rice. Among these factors the most important and first one is varietal selection. Varieties should be selected according to the requirement of specific area and prefer varieties resistant to insects/pests and diseases. Sufficient amount of water and fertilizer should be supplied.Stubble height of 10-20 cm will resulted in high production of ratoon rice. Too low or too high temperature and light would reduce the grain yield and quality of rice. Optimal temperature is useful for higher yield. It was concluded that by keeping the management practices more efficiently, the yield of main rice as well as ratoon rice could be increased. There is a need of more studies focusing on improvement of the quality of ratoon rice.

Border effects of the main and ratoon crops in the rice ratooning system

The border effect(BE)is widely observed in crop field experiments,and it has been extensively studied in many crops.However,only limited attention has been paid to the BE of ratoon rice.We conducted field experiments on ratoon rice in Qichun County,Hubei Province,Central China in 2018 and 2019 to compare the BE in the main and ratoon crops,and to quantify the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.The BE of two hybrid varieties was measured for the outermost,second outermost,and third outermost rows in each plot of both crops.To determine the contribution of BE between the two crops,portions of hills in the outermost and second outermost rows were uprooted during the harvest of the main crop so that the second and third outermost rows then became the outermost rows in the ratoon crop.Overall,the BE on grain yield was greater in the main crop than in the ratoon crop.In the main crop,the BE on grain yield was 98.3%in the outermost row,which was explained by the BE on panicles m^(–2),spikelets/panicle,spikelets m^(–2),and total dry weight.In the ratoon crop,the BE on grain yield was reduced to 60.9 and 27.6%with and without the contribution of the BE in the main crop,respectively.Consequently,55.1%of the BE on grain yield in the ratoon crop was contributed from the main crop.High stubble dry weight and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)accumulation at the harvest of the main crop were responsible for the contribution of BE in the main crop to that in the ratoon crop.Our results suggest that increases in stubble dry weight and NSC accumulation at the harvest of the main crop could be important strategies for developing high-yielding cropping practices in the rice ratooning system.

Heavy soil drying during mid-to-late grain filling stage of the main crop to reduce yield loss of the ratoon crop in a mechanized rice ratooning system

Yield loss(Y_(Loss)) in the ratoon crop due to crushing damage to left stubble from mechanical harvesting of the main crop is a constraint for wide adoption of mechanized rice ratooning technology.Soil drying before the harvest of the main crop has been proposed to overcome this problem.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil drying during the mid-to-late grain filling stage of the main crop on grain yield of the ratoon crop in a mechanized rice ratooning system.Field experiments were conducted to compare Y_(Loss) between light(LD) and heavy(HD) soil drying treatments in Hubei province,central China in 2017 and 2018.Y_(Loss) was calculated as the percentage of yield reduction in the ratoon crop with the main crop harvested mechanically,relative to the grain yield of the ratoon crop with the main crop harvested manually.In comparison with LD,soil hardness was increased by 42.8%-84.7% in HD at the 5-20 cm soil depth at maturity of the main crop.Soil hardness at 5 and 10 cm depths reached respectively 4.05 and 7.07 kg cm^(-2) in HD.Soil drying treatment did not significantly affect the grain yield of the main crop.Under mechanical harvesting of the main crop,HD increased the grain yield of the ratoon crop by 9.4% relative to LD.Consequently,Y_(Loss) was only 3.4% in HD,in contrast to 16.3% in LD.The differences in grain yield and Y_(Loos) between the two soil drying treatments were explained mainly by panicles m^(-2),which was increased significantly by HD in the track zone of the ratoon crop compared with LD.These results suggest that heavy soil drying practice during the mid-to-late grain filling stage of the main crop is effective for reducing Y_(Loss) of the ratoon crop in a mechanized rice ratooning system.

Development of a new index for automated mapping of ratoon rice areas using time-series normalized difference vegetation index imagery

Over recent decades, the global demand for food has continued to grow, owing to population growth and the loss of arable land. Rice ratooning offers new opportunities for increasing rice production and has received renewed interest because of the minimal additional labor input required for its adoption. Regular, regional-scale monitoring of the spatial patterns of both traditional and ratoon rice cropping systems provides essential information for agricultural resource management and food security studies. However, the similar phenological characteristics of traditional double rice and ratoon rice cropping systems make it challenging to accurately classify these cropping practices based on satellite observations alone. In this study, we first proposed an improved phenology-based rice cropping area detection algorithm using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) imagery. A new index, ratoon rice index, was then developed to automatically delineate ratoon rice cropping areas with the aid of a base map of rice in Hubei Province, China. The accuracy assessment using ground truth data showed that our approach could map both traditional and ratoon rice cropping areas with high user accuracy (91.25% and 91.43%, respectively). The MODIS-retrieved rice cropping areas were validated using annual agricultural census data, and coefficient of determination (R2) values of 0.60 and 0.41 were recorded for traditional and ratoon rice cropping systems, respectively. The total area of ratoon rice was estimated to be 1 283.6 km2, 5.0% of the total rice cropping area, in Hubei Province in 2016. These demonstrated the feasibility of extracting the spatial patterns of both traditional and ratoon rice cropping systems solely from time-series NDVI and field survey data and strides made in facilitating the timely and routine monitoring of traditional and ratoon rice distribution at subnational level. Given sufficient historical satellite and phenology records, the proposed algorithm had the potential to enhance rice cropping area mapping efforts across a broad temporal scale (e.g., from the 1980s to the present).

Effects of Different Slow-release Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Ratooning Rice

The effect of slow-release fertilizer application on reducing the fertilization times of ratooning rice was explored by carrying out plot experiments using different slow-release fertilizer formulas.The results showed that compared with conventional fertilization of farmers(TCK),there were no significant differences in plant heights of the first rice crop and ratoon rice crop and the number of tillers was slightly increased,by applying different ratios and types of slow-release fertilizers,indicating that reducing fertilization times did not affect rice growth.Compared with the TCK,the yields of treatments T1,T2,T3 and T4 of slow-release fertilizers increased to a certain extent.The yield of the first rice crop increased by 14.7%,16.7%,23.5% and 17.5%,respectively,the yields of the ratoon rice crop increased by 6.3%,5.8%,7.4% and 8.1%,respectively,and the yields of the two rice crops increased between 10.8% and 16.1%,indicating that reasonable combined application of slow-release nitrogen and fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer could meet the nutrient requirements of ratooning rice at different growth stages,and the application of slow-release fertilizers could reduce the fertilization times of ratooning rice.Based on the combination of rice yield and slow-release fertilizer cost in the first rice crop and ratoon rice crop,the T 3 formula was preferred,that is,urea-formaldehyde slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was used as the base and tillering fertilizer,and polyurethane-coated slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was used as the panicle-sprouting fertilizer.

稻—再生稻—小龙虾稻田综合种养经济效益分析

为充分利用光温资源,在稻—小龙虾种养模式的基础上,进行稻虾综合种养,与再生稻种植相结合,开展稻—再生稻—小龙虾综合种养技术模式研究。设置4种种养模式,分别是种植中稻(MR)、种植再生稻(RR)、中稻—小龙虾综合种养(MRC)和稻—再生稻—小龙虾综合种养(RRC),分析不同种养模式对稻虾产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明,(1)RR的全年水稻产量均高于MR产量,再生季稻的产量约为头季稻产量的1/4,RRC模式水稻产量最高。(2)MRC和RRC模式养虾田水稻产量的提高主要通过较高的穗粒数和千粒重来实现。(3)稻—再生稻—小龙虾综合种养模式的产值、利润和产投比均最高,分别为102754元//hm^(2)、64704元//hm^(2)和2.70。综合来看,稻虾综合种养模式与再生稻模式相结合,能提高稻谷总产量,降低生产成本,具有较好的经济效益,是一种资源高效型、环境友好型的种养方式。

头季稻刈割时期对粮饲型再生稻饲草和再生稻产量、品质及经济效益的影响

【目的】探究头季稻不同刈割时期对粮饲型再生稻饲草和再生稻产量、品质及经济效益的影响,为粮饲型再生稻的高产优质高效种植及南方稻区解决粮饲争地、实现粮饲统筹提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以我国南方稻区大面积作为再生稻种植的品种两优6326和桃优香占为试验材料,设开花期、乳熟期和蜡熟期3个头季刈割时期,分析头季饲草和再生季稻米的产量和品质差异,并对粮饲型再生稻模式的经济效益进行综合评价。【结果】随着刈割时期的推迟,头季干饲草产量逐渐增加,在蜡熟期刈割时最高,两优6326和桃优香占分别达9.17和10.35 t/ha。青贮饲草的饲用品质变化趋势与干饲草产量一致,刈割时期越晚,发酵品质越优,相对饲用价值越高,且在蜡熟期刈割时青贮饲草的中性洗涤纤维含量等发酵品质指标均达GB/T 25882—2010《青贮玉米品质分级》优质二级标准。再生季水稻产量在开花期刈割时最高,两优6326和桃优香占分别达8.94和8.92 t/ha,之后随着刈割时期的推迟逐渐降低。随刈割时间推迟,再生季稻米各品质指标变化趋势不尽相同,但各刈割处理下的整精米率、直链淀粉含量和垩白度表现达到或接近GB/T 17891—2017《优质稻谷》二级标准。再生季稻谷经济收益大幅高于头季饲草,2个品种的总收益、净收益和产出投入比在开花期刈割时最高,平均分别达36755元/ha、17450元/ha和1.90,并随着刈割时期的推迟逐渐降低。【结论】以高产优质饲草生产为目的,头季宜在蜡熟期刈割;以高产优质稻米生产为目的,头季宜在开花期刈割,且该模式在开花期刈割时的总体经济效益最高。

不同再生稻栽培模式氮足迹及经济效益评估

有关不同栽培措施下再生稻稻田温室气体排放、碳足迹与产量变化研究已取得较大进展,然而不同再生稻栽培模式氮足迹尚不明确。因此,本研究通过大田试验,采用生命周期法,研究了不同再生稻栽培模式[常规栽培模式(CM)和两个优化栽培模式(OM1和OM2)]对水稻产量、氮足迹与经济效益的影响。其中,CM模式采用人工插秧、常规施肥、浅水淹灌、留茬高度20 cm与秸秆不还田等传统再生稻栽培技术,OM1模式采用机插秧、一次性缓释肥施用、干湿交替、头季留茬高度20 cm与秸秆还田,OM2模式采用机插秧、氮肥深施、干湿交替、头季留茬高度40 cm与秸秆还田配施腐熟剂。结果表明,OM2再生季产量和稻季总产量最高,较CM和OM1分别提高再生季产量37.1%(P<0.05)和28.1%(P<0.05)、总产量21.7%和12.5%(P<0.05)。对于再生稻氮足迹构成,OM2具有最高间接活性氮排放。对于直接活性氮排放,3个模式N_(2)O排放无显著差异;但对于头季稻NH_(3)挥发,OM2比CM显著降低14.4%(P<0.05)。因此,OM2具有最低周年活性氮排放,分别比CM和OM1显著降低10.9%(P<0.05)和2.2%(P<0.05)。对于再生稻氮足迹,OM2比CM和OM1分别显著降低26.9%(P<0.05)和13.1%(P<0.05)。此外,OM2经济效益最高,分别较OM1和CM提高20.9%和29.2%。本研究表明,OM2模式是一项降低氮足迹和提高经济效益的可持续再生稻栽培模式,值得在我国南方再生稻区推广。

甬优籼粳杂交稻作再生稻种植的再生特性及产量形成分析

为探究甬优籼粳杂交稻作再生稻种植时的再生特性及产量形成特点,以生产上应用广泛的甬优籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540和甬优4949为试验材料、籼型杂交稻品种隆两优534为对照材料作再生稻种植进行了田间试验。结果显示:籼粳杂交稻和籼型杂交稻2个类型品种的再生特性存在显著差异;籼粳杂交稻甬优1540和甬优4949的优势再生节位为低节位的倒5节和倒4节,2个节位的再生苗有效穗占比之和分别为81.9%和68.9%,产量贡献率之和分别为89.6%和72.5%;2个节位再生稻的穗长、每穗粒数显著高于倒3节和倒2节,并呈现出从下往上节位逐步变小的趋势;而籼型杂交稻品种隆两优534的优势再生节位则是高节位的倒2节和倒3节,2个节位的有效穗占比和产量贡献率之和分别为71.5%和72.5%;甬优4949头季稻收割后1~7 d内的再生苗的成穗率、有效穗占比和产量贡献率分别为89.4%、74.6%和79.2%,均显著高于收割后8~12 d和12 d以上的再生苗;甬优1540和甬优4949再生稻的穗长、每穗粒数均要显著大于隆两优534,产量分别增产21.6%和17.3%。结果表明甬优籼粳杂交稻的低节位强再生力和再生苗穗大粒多的再生特性是其作再生稻种植时易获得高产的主要因素。

浙江省再生稻生产现状与发展策略

再生稻具有一种两收、省种省工、减肥减药、增产增效等优势,是增加复种指数和提高水稻总产的一种种植模式。浙江是长江中下游重要的水稻生产区。本文依据种植品种的类型将浙江再生稻的发展历程分为3个阶段,分别是以籼型早稻为主的起步阶段、以甬优1540为主的转变阶段和以甬优系列品种为主的快速发展阶段。以衢州市为例,再生稻的种植面积和产量在这3个阶段中不断提高,生产效益相较于单季稻和双季稻显著提升。在此基础上,进一步分析了浙江省再生稻发展前景以及高产稳产技术体系缺乏、农机农艺不配套、扶持力度低、品牌创建乏力等问题,并提出了相应的发展策略,以期为浙江省水稻生产方式转型升级提供参考。

同等控温下头季稻和再生季稻稻米品质差异分析

以籼粳杂交稻甬优4149为研究材料,采用盆栽室内控温试验,将头季与再生季的温度设置成相同,探究再生稻两茬稻米品质的差异。结果表明,高温条件下再生季稻的糙米率、精米率和整精米率、粒长、垩白粒率、垩白度和和直链淀粉含量均显著高于头季稻,胶稠度两者差异不显著;适温条件下,再生季稻的精米率、整精米率和粒长显著高于头季稻,糙米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量和胶稠度两者差异不显著。再生季稻的粗蛋白含量在高温和适温条件下均显著低于头季稻。因此,同等控温条件下,与头季稻相比,再生季稻的碾米品质和蒸煮食味品质要好,但营养品质降低。

再生稻头季施用促芽肥对不同节位腋芽生长发育和碳氮含量的影响

为探究再生稻生产中促芽肥施用量对头季稻不同节位腋芽萌发及生长发育的影响,以杂交水稻品种泸优1831和甬优1540为供试材料,设置4个不同促芽肥施用量处理(N0,不施氮;N1,纯N 75.00 kg/hm2;N2,纯N84.40 kg/hm2;N3,纯N 93.75 kg/hm2),测定了不同促芽肥施用量处理下再生稻头季不同节位腋芽存活率、芽长、茎节非结构碳水化合物含量和全氮含量。结果表明,腋芽存活率和芽长与促芽肥施用量成正比,施用促芽肥可以显著提高再生稻的腋芽存活率,N3处理较N0处理腋芽存活率提高27.34%(甬优1540)~36.51%(泸优1831)。不同节位腋芽对于促芽肥响应不同,N3处理下泸优1831第2、第3、第4节位的腋芽存活率较N0处理分别提高74.36%、29.35%和22.33%,甬优1540则分别提高24.25%、22.33%和40.49%;相同促芽肥施用量下高节位腋芽存活率均高于低节位腋芽;腋芽存活率与腋芽可溶性糖含量呈极显著正相关关系,第3、第4节位的腋芽存活率与腋芽中淀粉含量呈负相关关系。综上所述,不同节位腋芽存活率与腋芽中的可溶性糖含量有关,其中维持第4节位腋芽存活所需促芽肥最多,当选择低留桩机械化收割时可以适当减少促芽肥的施用量。

不同杂交中稻作再生稻栽培的再生能力及产量比较研究

当前各级政府紧抓粮食安全,不断出台鼓励政策,以促进提高产量。再生稻作为一种提高产量的生产措施,正在得到政府和种植主体的重视。文章通过对7个杂交中稻做再生稻的再生能力及产量进行比较,筛选出适宜安徽沿江江南地区的再生稻品种,促进提高当地水稻产量。结果表明,新两优611和六两优香11再生能力强、产量高,综合表现最好;鑫两优香128、友两优2152、荃优1606高节位再生能力强,再生季产量表现高于对照;旱优116、旱优73头季稻产量较高,再生能力一般、再生季产量较低。对比品种再生能力及产量表现,选择再生稻品种时,头季稻每hm^(2)穗数高的品种,两季产量高。

四川盆地东部再生稻高温伏旱区腋芽萌发期气象适宜度

以四川盆地东部再生稻高温伏旱区为研究区,基于气象条件对腋芽萌发期再生稻生长发育的影响机理,采用结构方程模型探明了腋芽萌发的影响因素、影响路径及影响强度。进一步结合隶属函数和层次分析法,构建了再生稻腋芽萌发气象适宜度模型,并分析了1981—2021年研究区腋芽萌发期气象影响因素及气象适宜度的变化特征。结果表明:气温、空气湿度、降水是四川盆地东部再生稻高温伏旱区腋芽萌发的关键影响因素,基于以上因素的气象适宜度模型能较好地评价再生稻腋芽萌发期的气象影响。1981—2021年研究区气温适宜度、空气湿度适宜度及综合气象适宜度均呈下降趋势,降水适宜度没有表现出明显的变化趋势。气温适宜度、空气湿度适宜度及综合气象适宜度总体呈“西高东低”的空间分布特征,降水适宜度则表现为“东西高、中部低”。1981—2021年研究区气温上升趋势与空气湿度下降趋势显著,导致致害高温(日平均气温≥32℃)积温和致害低湿(日平均相对湿度≤65%)日数明显增加,这是再生稻腋芽萌发期气象适宜度总体呈下降趋势的诱因。