[Objective]To predict prevalence of fleas via a simple epidemiological model.[Method]The field investigation was carried out in 23 locations in Yunnan Province.A simple epidemiological model was involved mean abundanc...[Objective]To predict prevalence of fleas via a simple epidemiological model.[Method]The field investigation was carried out in 23 locations in Yunnan Province.A simple epidemiological model was involved mean abundance and variance of abundance.[Result]The prevalence of fleas increased with their mean abundance in logistic curve.A linear correlation of the predicted prevalence against observed prevalence did not differ significantly from unity.[Conclusion]Prevalence could be explained simply by their mean abundance.展开更多
Abstract Objective To identify and type three leptospires isolated from Rattus tanezumi in Guizhou Province by using three molecular techniques (PFGE, MLVA, and MLST), reveal the molecular characteristic of causativ...Abstract Objective To identify and type three leptospires isolated from Rattus tanezumi in Guizhou Province by using three molecular techniques (PFGE, MLVA, and MLST), reveal the molecular characteristic of causative agents of local leptospirosis and evaluate these three molecular methods based on their detection resolution and efficiency. Methods Three Leptospira strains were isolated from the kidney of Rattus tanezumi and cultured with EMJH medium. PFGE, MLVA, and MLST assays were applied to type the three strains isolated from Rattus tanezumi in Guizhou Province. Results PFGE, MLVA, and MLST typing showed that the three leptospiral isolates matched with leptospiral serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai. The findings of the genotyping methods were consistent. MLVA and MLST defined genotypes, whereas PFGE allowed the recognition of additional subgroups within the genotypes, and the findings of molecular typing were also consistent with those of traditional techniques. Conclusion Three leptospiral isolates from Guizhou Province matched with leptospiral serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai, and PFGE, MLVA, and MLST, as reliable molecular techniques for identifying and typing of Leptospira interrogans, would contribute to the active surveillance, outbreak investigation and source tracking for leptospirosis in Guizhou Province.展开更多
Apodemus (mice) and Rattus (rats) are the top rodent reservoirs for zoonoses in China,yet little is known about their diversity.We reexamined the alpha diversity of these two genera based on a new collection of sp...Apodemus (mice) and Rattus (rats) are the top rodent reservoirs for zoonoses in China,yet little is known about their diversity.We reexamined the alpha diversity of these two genera based on a new collection of specimens from China and their cyt b sequences in GenBank.We also tested whether species could be identified using external and craniodental measurements exclusively.Measurements from 147 specimens of Apodemus and 233 specimens of Rattus were used for morphological comparisons.We analysed 74 cyt b sequences of Apodemus and 100 cyt b sequences of Rattus to facilitate phylogenetic estimations.Results demonstrated that nine species of Apodemus and seven species of Rattus,plus a new subspecies of Rattus nitidus,are distributed in China.Principal component analysis using external and craniodental measurements revealed that measurements alone could not separate the recognized species.The occurrence of Rattus pyctoris in China remains uncertain.展开更多
The appearance and hair color between these two subspecies Rattus rattus Sladeni and R.r. Hainanicus are similar to each other. Their most major distinctive characteristic is the length ratio of tail to body. However,...The appearance and hair color between these two subspecies Rattus rattus Sladeni and R.r. Hainanicus are similar to each other. Their most major distinctive characteristic is the length ratio of tail to body. However, this characteristic was unstable in some measuring records. In Guangdong, R.r. Hainanicus is restrictedly distributed in the west region, and R.r. Sladeni is widely distributed in the other regions of this province. In this study, we detected the sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene fragments of 9 samples from R.r. Hainanicus and R.r. Sladeni (Longmen and Hong Kong populations). These 385 nucleotide positions of 12S rRNA gene fragment include 26 variable sites and 14 parsimony-informative sites. 3 insertion/deletion sites are observed. The phylogenetic relationships among these samples were constructed by Neighbor-joining and Maximum parsimony methods. The analysis shows that R.r. Hainanicus is more closely relative to the Longmen population of R.r. Sladeni than to the Hong Kong population of R.r. Sladeni. The sequencing analysis of 12S rRNA gene fragments is not agreement on the classification of subspecies R. r. Hainanicus inferred from the morphology and geographical distribution. The morphological variation of R.r. Hainanicus should result from the natural selection, which causes local adaptation and geographic isolation.展开更多
Rodents such as Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus have adapted to living close to human settlements[1].This presents a public health challenge as these rodents are considered as pests that can transmit a number of z...Rodents such as Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus have adapted to living close to human settlements[1].This presents a public health challenge as these rodents are considered as pests that can transmit a number of zoonotic diseases to humans[1,2].A rodent surveillance programme was initiated between the years 2014 and 2015,focusing on rodents captured at wet markets where there is abundant food and considerable human traffic.The present study was conducted in several wet markets in Kuala Terengganu,Malaysia(5.3333°N,103.1500°E).展开更多
Hyperactivation is one of the most critical parts for fertilization, cAMP generated by soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is necessary to activate sperm and is a prerequisite for sperm hyperactivation. The aim of this s...Hyperactivation is one of the most critical parts for fertilization, cAMP generated by soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is necessary to activate sperm and is a prerequisite for sperm hyperactivation. The aim of this study is to investigate the function of sAC in hyperactivation in male rats. Four siRNAs of sAC gene were designed and separately transformed into rat sperm using electrotransformation method. Cultured for 12 and 24 h, physiological and biochemical indexes of these sperm were analyzed, and the expressions of some hyperactivation-related genes were detected using real-time PCR. We demonstrated 26.3-30.8% and 49.1-50.5% reduction in sAC at the protein by Western blot and mRNA levels by real-time PCR, respectively. The results showed that two siRNAs, Actb-717 and Actb-4205, were the best RNAi sites for silencing sAC. The VCL (curvilinear velocity) and ALH (amplitude of lateral head displacement) of RNA interference (RNAi)-transfected sperm were reduced, cAMP and protein phosphorylation in RNAi transfected sperm were also decreased. The hyperactivation-related genes, such as CatSper2, LDHC and PKA, were downregulated in the sperm, which sAC was knockdown. These findings demonstrated that sAC might play a critical role in cAMP signaling in the rat sperm hyperactivation, and downregulated sAC gene might prevent the expression of these hyperactivation-ralated genes resulting in sperm dysfunction. These findings suggest that these hyperactivation-ralated genes and sAC are functionally related in sperm hyperactivation and sAC falls into an expanding group of sperm proteins that appear to be promising targets for the development of male contraceptives.展开更多
Objective:To survey the Angiostrongylus cantonensis(A.cantonensis) or the rat lungworm in a rat,definitive host,and in a giant African land snail(Achatina fulica),the intermediate host,in Phitsanulok,Thailand.Methods:...Objective:To survey the Angiostrongylus cantonensis(A.cantonensis) or the rat lungworm in a rat,definitive host,and in a giant African land snail(Achatina fulica),the intermediate host,in Phitsanulok,Thailand.Methods:Rats and giant African land snails were captured from Tha Pho sub-district,Phitsanulok,Thailand.Rats were killed and examined for adult A.cantonensis. The artificial digestion method following Baermann technique were used for isolation third stage larvae of A.cantonensis.Results:Sixty-two rats were captured and they were identified as Rattus argentiventer,Rattus rattus(R.rattus),Bandicota savilei,and Bandicota indica but only one animal(R.rattus) of 62 rats(1.61%) was positive with adult worm of A.cantonensis.The third stage larvae of A.cantonensis were examined on 307 Angiostrongylus fulica snails.It was found that the overall infection rate was 12.38%(38 infected out of 307 Achatina snails).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that A.cantonensis is available in the natural hosts of Phitsanulok.This suggests that the transmissions of this parasite to human may occur in this region.展开更多
Metabolic changes together with cardiovascular and hepatic factors are related to the development of diseases like myocardial lipidosis,heart disease,and profound toxicity.The aim of this animal study is to determine ...Metabolic changes together with cardiovascular and hepatic factors are related to the development of diseases like myocardial lipidosis,heart disease,and profound toxicity.The aim of this animal study is to determine the effects of high erucic acid containing rapeseed oil(Brassica napus L.)varieties on liver,kidney and heart muscles in Wistar rats.Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups where each group containing four rats.Group A was considered as control diet group,while Group B rapeseed wild oil group and Group C rapeseed hybrid oil group were considered as experimental diet groups.The levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB)and creatinine of two experimental groups were significantly elevated while compared to the control groups(p<0.05–0.001).Nevertheless,an increment in weight retardation(p<0.05)was also observed in rapeseed hybrid oil treated groups.No significant weight retardation found in other two groups(p>0.05).Noticeable tissue injury observed in this study is a sign of the relative toxicity of erucic acid containing rapeseed oil to mammalian species.The use of Brassica napus as a supplementary feed ingredient should be,therefore,thoroughly considered.展开更多
The objectives of the present study are to evaluate the chromosomal aberrations in somatic and germ cells of alloxanized diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of Cleome droserifolia (Sammo), Anastatica hieroc...The objectives of the present study are to evaluate the chromosomal aberrations in somatic and germ cells of alloxanized diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of Cleome droserifolia (Sammo), Anastatica hierochuntica (Kafta), Juniperus phoencea (Araar) and Hyphaene thebaica (Doum) as well as their effects on blood glucose, liver and testes total soluble protein, DNA and RNA contents and also nucleases (RNAase and DNAase) activity. The material and Methods: The study was performed in six groups. The first group was the normal healthy control;the second group was rats injected with alloxan (diabetic control). Every one of the other four groups (diabetic rats) was ingested with each of the methanolic extracts of Kafta, Doum, Sammo and Araar (individually). The results: The results of chromosomal analysis showed that, diabetic rats had a highly significant increase of chromosomal aberrations compared to that of normal healthy control. Animals which treated with the four plants methanolic extracts showed significant improvements in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations. In case of biochemical analysis, blood glucose level was significantly increased but immunoglobulins levels were decreased in diabetic albino rats. Diabetes increased serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL but serum HDL was decreased. RNA and DNA as well as inhibited the nucleases (RNAase and DNAase) activity of both organs (liver and testes) tissue. The conclusions: It is concluded that diabetes is much harmful in the animal body, whilst the induction of flavonoids extract (by methanol) of Kafta, Somma, Araar and Doum reduced these harmful of diabetes.展开更多
The black rat(Rattus rattus)poses a severe threat to food security and public health in Madagascar,where it is a major cause of pre-and post-harvest crop losses and an important reservoir for many zoonotic diseases,in...The black rat(Rattus rattus)poses a severe threat to food security and public health in Madagascar,where it is a major cause of pre-and post-harvest crop losses and an important reservoir for many zoonotic diseases,including plague.Elsewhere,ecologically based rodent management(EBRM)strategies have been developed using ecologi-cal information to inform decisions on where and when to target control.EBRM could deliver improved health and well-being outcomes in Madagascar if adapted to the local ecological context.Using data collected from removal studies,we explored spatio-temporal patterns in the breeding activity of the black rat(R.rattus)in domestic and agricultural habitats across Madagascar and investigated to what extent these trends are influenced by rainfall and rat density.We identified clear spatio-temporal variation in the seasonality of R.rattus reproduction.Reproduction was highly seasonal both inside and outside of houses,but seasonal trends varied between these two habitats.Sea-sonal trends were explained,in part,by variation in rainfall;however,the effect of rainfall on reproductive rates did itself vary by season and habitat type.A decline in breeding intensity with increasing rat density was recorded outside of houses.This has important implications for control,as populations may compensate for removal through increased reproduction.We recommend that sustained control initiated before the main breeding season,combined with improved hygiene and adequate rodent-proofing in homes and grain stores,could curtail population growth and reduce pre-and post-harvest losses provided that these measures overcome the compensatory response of rodent populations.展开更多
Objective: To report the renal histological lesions in synanthropic rodents, Mus musculus and Rattus rattus, naturally infected with Leptospira spp., captured in a rural community in Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: Kidney s...Objective: To report the renal histological lesions in synanthropic rodents, Mus musculus and Rattus rattus, naturally infected with Leptospira spp., captured in a rural community in Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: Kidney samples of synanthropic rodents were collected from a rural community in Yucatan, Mexico. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Leptospira spp. infection. Tissue kidney was fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed according to the usual techniques for paraffin inclusion, cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined using a conventional electronic microscope. Results: A total of 187 rodents were captured. Nine individuals(4.8%) were positive for Leptospira spp. in the molecular analysis. All renal lesions observed in the histopathological study had been reported previously for Leptospira spp. infection. Conclusions: The histopathological lesions are present in the kidneys, plus the results of the polymerase chain reaction confirm that these rodents are true carriers of Leptospira spp.展开更多
Pest rodents pose a serious threat to island biodiversity.Fertility control could be an alternative approach to control the impact of rodents on these islands.In this study,we examined the antifertility effects of EP-...Pest rodents pose a serious threat to island biodiversity.Fertility control could be an alternative approach to control the impact of rodents on these islands.In this study,we examined the antifertility effects of EP-1 baits containing quinestrol(E)and levonorgestrel(P)using a dose of 50 ppm E and P at three different ratios(E:P ratio=1:2,1:1,and 2:1)on Pacific rats(Rattus exulans)in the Xisha Islands,Hainan,China.Compared to the control group,all animals in EP-1 treatment groups showed significantly decreased food intake and body weight.In treated males,there were obvious abnormalities in testis structure and a significant decrease of relative seminal vesicle weight,but no significant effect on relative uterine and ovarian weights(g kg-1 body weight),or ovarian structure in females.Adding 8%sucrose to the original 50-ppm baits(E:P ratio=1:1)significantly increased bait palatability for males and females.This dose induced uterine edema and abnormalities of ovarian structure in females but had no significant negative effect on the relative testis,epididymis,and seminal vesicle weights(g kg-1 body weight)or sperm density in males.In summary,50-ppm EP-1(1:1)baits have the potential to disrupt the fertility of females,and 8%sucrose addition to the EP-1 baits(E:P ratio=1:1)could improve bait palatability.This dose disrupted the testis structure in males.Future studies are needed to improve bait acceptance and assess the antifertility effects of EP-1(1:1)on Pacific rats in captive breeding trials and underfield conditions.展开更多
Objective:To explore the antispermatogenic and testicular antisleroidogenic activities of Feronia limonia fruit pulp southern India.Methods:Fourty Wistar male albino rats(Ratios norvegicus)were equally divided into fo...Objective:To explore the antispermatogenic and testicular antisleroidogenic activities of Feronia limonia fruit pulp southern India.Methods:Fourty Wistar male albino rats(Ratios norvegicus)were equally divided into four groups.Experimental groups were administered with the ethanolic extract of Feronia lirnonia(F.limoni)fruit pulp at doses of 250 and 500 nig/kg body weight once daily for 55 days.All treated rats had corresponding recovery groups.At the end of each treatment periods,various spermatological indices,tissue biochemicals and testicular enzymes levels were analysed.Blood profiles were also estimated.Results:Compared with the control,the F.lirnonia.fruit pulp at both dose leveb did not decrease body weight,which were associated with decline in epididymal sperm count,motility,viability and increased percent of abnormal sperm.Further,F.limonia.fruit pulp at 500 mg/kg body weight markedly reduced the epididymal and testicular protein content by 24.58%and 29.86%,respectively,as well as the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and△~5-3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase)levels by 42.82%and 38.08%,respectively,while a significant elevation was observed in testicular cholesterol and ascorbic acid content.A gradual recovery of all parameters was observed after 55 days of treatment withdrawal.No significant alterations in haematological indices were observed.Conclusions:The present findings indicate that F.lirnonia fruit pulp may have reversible antispermatogenic and antisteroidogenic properties,and could partially support the traditional use as mate contraceptive.展开更多
The initial mechanical damage of a spinal cord injury(SCI)triggers a progressive secondary injury cascade,which is a complicated process integrating multiple systems and cells.It is crucial to explore the molecular an...The initial mechanical damage of a spinal cord injury(SCI)triggers a progressive secondary injury cascade,which is a complicated process integrating multiple systems and cells.It is crucial to explore the molecular and biological process alterations that occur after SCI for therapy development.The differences between the rostral and caudal regions around an SCI lesion have received little attention.Here,we analyzed the differentially expressed genes between rostral and caudal sites after injury to determine the biological processes in these two segments after SCI.We identified a set of differentially expressed genes,including Col3a1,Col1a1,Dcn,Fn1,Kcnk3,and Nrg1,between rostral and caudal regions at different time points following SCI.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were involved in response to mechanical stimulus,blood vessel development,and brain development.We then chose Col3a1,Col1a1,Dcn,Fn1,Kcnk3,and Nrg1 for quantitative real-time PCR and Fn1 for immunostaining validation.Our results indicate alterations in different biological events enriched in the rostral and caudal lesion areas,providing new insights into the pathology of SCI.展开更多
基金Supported by Yunnan Provincial Foundation for Key Scientific Projects (2007C0005Z2)~~
文摘[Objective]To predict prevalence of fleas via a simple epidemiological model.[Method]The field investigation was carried out in 23 locations in Yunnan Province.A simple epidemiological model was involved mean abundance and variance of abundance.[Result]The prevalence of fleas increased with their mean abundance in logistic curve.A linear correlation of the predicted prevalence against observed prevalence did not differ significantly from unity.[Conclusion]Prevalence could be explained simply by their mean abundance.
基金supported by the Governor Special Funds for Outstanding Scientific and Technological Talents from Guizhou Province of the People's Republic of China,Guizhou-specifical co-word(2010)90
文摘Abstract Objective To identify and type three leptospires isolated from Rattus tanezumi in Guizhou Province by using three molecular techniques (PFGE, MLVA, and MLST), reveal the molecular characteristic of causative agents of local leptospirosis and evaluate these three molecular methods based on their detection resolution and efficiency. Methods Three Leptospira strains were isolated from the kidney of Rattus tanezumi and cultured with EMJH medium. PFGE, MLVA, and MLST assays were applied to type the three strains isolated from Rattus tanezumi in Guizhou Province. Results PFGE, MLVA, and MLST typing showed that the three leptospiral isolates matched with leptospiral serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai. The findings of the genotyping methods were consistent. MLVA and MLST defined genotypes, whereas PFGE allowed the recognition of additional subgroups within the genotypes, and the findings of molecular typing were also consistent with those of traditional techniques. Conclusion Three leptospiral isolates from Guizhou Province matched with leptospiral serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar Lai, and PFGE, MLVA, and MLST, as reliable molecular techniques for identifying and typing of Leptospira interrogans, would contribute to the active surveillance, outbreak investigation and source tracking for leptospirosis in Guizhou Province.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3147011031301869+3 种基金31670388)Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-EW-L07)Yunnan Applied Basic Research Projects(2014FB176)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M570801)
文摘Apodemus (mice) and Rattus (rats) are the top rodent reservoirs for zoonoses in China,yet little is known about their diversity.We reexamined the alpha diversity of these two genera based on a new collection of specimens from China and their cyt b sequences in GenBank.We also tested whether species could be identified using external and craniodental measurements exclusively.Measurements from 147 specimens of Apodemus and 233 specimens of Rattus were used for morphological comparisons.We analysed 74 cyt b sequences of Apodemus and 100 cyt b sequences of Rattus to facilitate phylogenetic estimations.Results demonstrated that nine species of Apodemus and seven species of Rattus,plus a new subspecies of Rattus nitidus,are distributed in China.Principal component analysis using external and craniodental measurements revealed that measurements alone could not separate the recognized species.The occurrence of Rattus pyctoris in China remains uncertain.
文摘The appearance and hair color between these two subspecies Rattus rattus Sladeni and R.r. Hainanicus are similar to each other. Their most major distinctive characteristic is the length ratio of tail to body. However, this characteristic was unstable in some measuring records. In Guangdong, R.r. Hainanicus is restrictedly distributed in the west region, and R.r. Sladeni is widely distributed in the other regions of this province. In this study, we detected the sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene fragments of 9 samples from R.r. Hainanicus and R.r. Sladeni (Longmen and Hong Kong populations). These 385 nucleotide positions of 12S rRNA gene fragment include 26 variable sites and 14 parsimony-informative sites. 3 insertion/deletion sites are observed. The phylogenetic relationships among these samples were constructed by Neighbor-joining and Maximum parsimony methods. The analysis shows that R.r. Hainanicus is more closely relative to the Longmen population of R.r. Sladeni than to the Hong Kong population of R.r. Sladeni. The sequencing analysis of 12S rRNA gene fragments is not agreement on the classification of subspecies R. r. Hainanicus inferred from the morphology and geographical distribution. The morphological variation of R.r. Hainanicus should result from the natural selection, which causes local adaptation and geographic isolation.
基金This study was supported in parts by the research grants from the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia for niche area research(Vector:rodents)under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence(HICoE)program(MO002-2019)the University of Malaya,under the Research University grants(RU005-2020 and RU002-2019)the UMCoE Top 100 Research Grant(UM.00000188/HGA.GV).
文摘Rodents such as Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus have adapted to living close to human settlements[1].This presents a public health challenge as these rodents are considered as pests that can transmit a number of zoonotic diseases to humans[1,2].A rodent surveillance programme was initiated between the years 2014 and 2015,focusing on rodents captured at wet markets where there is abundant food and considerable human traffic.The present study was conducted in several wet markets in Kuala Terengganu,Malaysia(5.3333°N,103.1500°E).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30471243)the National Key Technology R&D Program of China (2011BAD28B02,2012BAD12B10)the Provincial Project for Agricultural Techniques of China (SX2011-189)
文摘Hyperactivation is one of the most critical parts for fertilization, cAMP generated by soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is necessary to activate sperm and is a prerequisite for sperm hyperactivation. The aim of this study is to investigate the function of sAC in hyperactivation in male rats. Four siRNAs of sAC gene were designed and separately transformed into rat sperm using electrotransformation method. Cultured for 12 and 24 h, physiological and biochemical indexes of these sperm were analyzed, and the expressions of some hyperactivation-related genes were detected using real-time PCR. We demonstrated 26.3-30.8% and 49.1-50.5% reduction in sAC at the protein by Western blot and mRNA levels by real-time PCR, respectively. The results showed that two siRNAs, Actb-717 and Actb-4205, were the best RNAi sites for silencing sAC. The VCL (curvilinear velocity) and ALH (amplitude of lateral head displacement) of RNA interference (RNAi)-transfected sperm were reduced, cAMP and protein phosphorylation in RNAi transfected sperm were also decreased. The hyperactivation-related genes, such as CatSper2, LDHC and PKA, were downregulated in the sperm, which sAC was knockdown. These findings demonstrated that sAC might play a critical role in cAMP signaling in the rat sperm hyperactivation, and downregulated sAC gene might prevent the expression of these hyperactivation-ralated genes resulting in sperm dysfunction. These findings suggest that these hyperactivation-ralated genes and sAC are functionally related in sperm hyperactivation and sAC falls into an expanding group of sperm proteins that appear to be promising targets for the development of male contraceptives.
基金funded by Division of Research Administration,Naresuan University
文摘Objective:To survey the Angiostrongylus cantonensis(A.cantonensis) or the rat lungworm in a rat,definitive host,and in a giant African land snail(Achatina fulica),the intermediate host,in Phitsanulok,Thailand.Methods:Rats and giant African land snails were captured from Tha Pho sub-district,Phitsanulok,Thailand.Rats were killed and examined for adult A.cantonensis. The artificial digestion method following Baermann technique were used for isolation third stage larvae of A.cantonensis.Results:Sixty-two rats were captured and they were identified as Rattus argentiventer,Rattus rattus(R.rattus),Bandicota savilei,and Bandicota indica but only one animal(R.rattus) of 62 rats(1.61%) was positive with adult worm of A.cantonensis.The third stage larvae of A.cantonensis were examined on 307 Angiostrongylus fulica snails.It was found that the overall infection rate was 12.38%(38 infected out of 307 Achatina snails).Conclusions: This study demonstrates that A.cantonensis is available in the natural hosts of Phitsanulok.This suggests that the transmissions of this parasite to human may occur in this region.
基金This research received funding from Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering,Faculty of Applied Science and Technology,Islamic University,Kushtia,7003,Bangladesh.The authors would like to thank Dr.Jahangir Alam and Professor Dr.Md.Anwarul Haque who helped with sample collection,analysis and critical revision of the manuscript.
文摘Metabolic changes together with cardiovascular and hepatic factors are related to the development of diseases like myocardial lipidosis,heart disease,and profound toxicity.The aim of this animal study is to determine the effects of high erucic acid containing rapeseed oil(Brassica napus L.)varieties on liver,kidney and heart muscles in Wistar rats.Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups where each group containing four rats.Group A was considered as control diet group,while Group B rapeseed wild oil group and Group C rapeseed hybrid oil group were considered as experimental diet groups.The levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),alkaline phosphatase(ALP),creatine kinase-MB(CK-MB)and creatinine of two experimental groups were significantly elevated while compared to the control groups(p<0.05–0.001).Nevertheless,an increment in weight retardation(p<0.05)was also observed in rapeseed hybrid oil treated groups.No significant weight retardation found in other two groups(p>0.05).Noticeable tissue injury observed in this study is a sign of the relative toxicity of erucic acid containing rapeseed oil to mammalian species.The use of Brassica napus as a supplementary feed ingredient should be,therefore,thoroughly considered.
文摘The objectives of the present study are to evaluate the chromosomal aberrations in somatic and germ cells of alloxanized diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of Cleome droserifolia (Sammo), Anastatica hierochuntica (Kafta), Juniperus phoencea (Araar) and Hyphaene thebaica (Doum) as well as their effects on blood glucose, liver and testes total soluble protein, DNA and RNA contents and also nucleases (RNAase and DNAase) activity. The material and Methods: The study was performed in six groups. The first group was the normal healthy control;the second group was rats injected with alloxan (diabetic control). Every one of the other four groups (diabetic rats) was ingested with each of the methanolic extracts of Kafta, Doum, Sammo and Araar (individually). The results: The results of chromosomal analysis showed that, diabetic rats had a highly significant increase of chromosomal aberrations compared to that of normal healthy control. Animals which treated with the four plants methanolic extracts showed significant improvements in the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations. In case of biochemical analysis, blood glucose level was significantly increased but immunoglobulins levels were decreased in diabetic albino rats. Diabetes increased serum total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL but serum HDL was decreased. RNA and DNA as well as inhibited the nucleases (RNAase and DNAase) activity of both organs (liver and testes) tissue. The conclusions: It is concluded that diabetes is much harmful in the animal body, whilst the induction of flavonoids extract (by methanol) of Kafta, Somma, Araar and Doum reduced these harmful of diabetes.
基金This work was also supported by the Wellcome Trust[095171/Z/10/Z]the Medical Research Council[MR/T029862/1]by the National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)(using the UK’s Official Development Assistance[ODA]Fund-ing)and Wellcome[219532/Z/19/Z]under the NIHR-Wellcome Partnership for Global Health Research.
文摘The black rat(Rattus rattus)poses a severe threat to food security and public health in Madagascar,where it is a major cause of pre-and post-harvest crop losses and an important reservoir for many zoonotic diseases,including plague.Elsewhere,ecologically based rodent management(EBRM)strategies have been developed using ecologi-cal information to inform decisions on where and when to target control.EBRM could deliver improved health and well-being outcomes in Madagascar if adapted to the local ecological context.Using data collected from removal studies,we explored spatio-temporal patterns in the breeding activity of the black rat(R.rattus)in domestic and agricultural habitats across Madagascar and investigated to what extent these trends are influenced by rainfall and rat density.We identified clear spatio-temporal variation in the seasonality of R.rattus reproduction.Reproduction was highly seasonal both inside and outside of houses,but seasonal trends varied between these two habitats.Sea-sonal trends were explained,in part,by variation in rainfall;however,the effect of rainfall on reproductive rates did itself vary by season and habitat type.A decline in breeding intensity with increasing rat density was recorded outside of houses.This has important implications for control,as populations may compensate for removal through increased reproduction.We recommend that sustained control initiated before the main breeding season,combined with improved hygiene and adequate rodent-proofing in homes and grain stores,could curtail population growth and reduce pre-and post-harvest losses provided that these measures overcome the compensatory response of rodent populations.
基金supported by PROMEP-México-Proyecto 103.5/09/1258(Red Epidemiológica de Enfermedades Zoonóticas y Transmitidas por Vector de Importancia en Salud Pública)Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de México(No.grant320021)
文摘Objective: To report the renal histological lesions in synanthropic rodents, Mus musculus and Rattus rattus, naturally infected with Leptospira spp., captured in a rural community in Yucatan, Mexico. Methods: Kidney samples of synanthropic rodents were collected from a rural community in Yucatan, Mexico. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Leptospira spp. infection. Tissue kidney was fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed according to the usual techniques for paraffin inclusion, cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and examined using a conventional electronic microscope. Results: A total of 187 rodents were captured. Nine individuals(4.8%) were positive for Leptospira spp. in the molecular analysis. All renal lesions observed in the histopathological study had been reported previously for Leptospira spp. infection. Conclusions: The histopathological lesions are present in the kidneys, plus the results of the polymerase chain reaction confirm that these rodents are true carriers of Leptospira spp.
基金The research was supported by the specific re-search fund of The Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province(YSPTZX202112)The State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents(Grant No.IPM2103)the 2022 PhD Launch Fund to Jing Liu(RC2200002593).
文摘Pest rodents pose a serious threat to island biodiversity.Fertility control could be an alternative approach to control the impact of rodents on these islands.In this study,we examined the antifertility effects of EP-1 baits containing quinestrol(E)and levonorgestrel(P)using a dose of 50 ppm E and P at three different ratios(E:P ratio=1:2,1:1,and 2:1)on Pacific rats(Rattus exulans)in the Xisha Islands,Hainan,China.Compared to the control group,all animals in EP-1 treatment groups showed significantly decreased food intake and body weight.In treated males,there were obvious abnormalities in testis structure and a significant decrease of relative seminal vesicle weight,but no significant effect on relative uterine and ovarian weights(g kg-1 body weight),or ovarian structure in females.Adding 8%sucrose to the original 50-ppm baits(E:P ratio=1:1)significantly increased bait palatability for males and females.This dose induced uterine edema and abnormalities of ovarian structure in females but had no significant negative effect on the relative testis,epididymis,and seminal vesicle weights(g kg-1 body weight)or sperm density in males.In summary,50-ppm EP-1(1:1)baits have the potential to disrupt the fertility of females,and 8%sucrose addition to the EP-1 baits(E:P ratio=1:1)could improve bait palatability.This dose disrupted the testis structure in males.Future studies are needed to improve bait acceptance and assess the antifertility effects of EP-1(1:1)on Pacific rats in captive breeding trials and underfield conditions.
文摘Objective:To explore the antispermatogenic and testicular antisleroidogenic activities of Feronia limonia fruit pulp southern India.Methods:Fourty Wistar male albino rats(Ratios norvegicus)were equally divided into four groups.Experimental groups were administered with the ethanolic extract of Feronia lirnonia(F.limoni)fruit pulp at doses of 250 and 500 nig/kg body weight once daily for 55 days.All treated rats had corresponding recovery groups.At the end of each treatment periods,various spermatological indices,tissue biochemicals and testicular enzymes levels were analysed.Blood profiles were also estimated.Results:Compared with the control,the F.lirnonia.fruit pulp at both dose leveb did not decrease body weight,which were associated with decline in epididymal sperm count,motility,viability and increased percent of abnormal sperm.Further,F.limonia.fruit pulp at 500 mg/kg body weight markedly reduced the epididymal and testicular protein content by 24.58%and 29.86%,respectively,as well as the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and△~5-3β-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase)levels by 42.82%and 38.08%,respectively,while a significant elevation was observed in testicular cholesterol and ascorbic acid content.A gradual recovery of all parameters was observed after 55 days of treatment withdrawal.No significant alterations in haematological indices were observed.Conclusions:The present findings indicate that F.lirnonia fruit pulp may have reversible antispermatogenic and antisteroidogenic properties,and could partially support the traditional use as mate contraceptive.
基金supported by Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province,No.KYCX-2065(to XMC).
文摘The initial mechanical damage of a spinal cord injury(SCI)triggers a progressive secondary injury cascade,which is a complicated process integrating multiple systems and cells.It is crucial to explore the molecular and biological process alterations that occur after SCI for therapy development.The differences between the rostral and caudal regions around an SCI lesion have received little attention.Here,we analyzed the differentially expressed genes between rostral and caudal sites after injury to determine the biological processes in these two segments after SCI.We identified a set of differentially expressed genes,including Col3a1,Col1a1,Dcn,Fn1,Kcnk3,and Nrg1,between rostral and caudal regions at different time points following SCI.Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these genes were involved in response to mechanical stimulus,blood vessel development,and brain development.We then chose Col3a1,Col1a1,Dcn,Fn1,Kcnk3,and Nrg1 for quantitative real-time PCR and Fn1 for immunostaining validation.Our results indicate alterations in different biological events enriched in the rostral and caudal lesion areas,providing new insights into the pathology of SCI.