To optimize their Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,anorthite based insulation refractories were prepared by the in-situ sintering process combined with the foaming method after sintering at 1350℃for 3 h,using green ...To optimize their Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,anorthite based insulation refractories were prepared by the in-situ sintering process combined with the foaming method after sintering at 1350℃for 3 h,using green and pollution-free kaolin,kyanite,andalusite and sillimanite as Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,respectively,and industrial CaCO_(3) as the CaO source.Effects of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material types on the physical properties,phase composition and microstructure were investigated.The results are as follows.All samples prepared by different Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials have hexagonal flake anorthite and a small amount of mullite and corundum.Their bulk density and thermal conductivity decrease in the order of using kaolin,andalusite,kyanite and sillimanite as the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material,but their apparent porosity increases.Moreover,in the sample with kaolin,the bonding between anorthite crystals on the pore walls is closer than that of the other samples,which is conducive to increasing the cold crushing strength.The bonding between anorthite crystals on pore walls gradually decreases in the order of using kyanite,andalusite and sillimanite as the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material,thus their cold crushing strength decreases accordingly.In comprehensive consideration,the properties of the sample from kyanite are the optimal.Its apparent porosity,thermal conductivity and cold crushing strength are 84.6%,0.141 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) and 1.89 MPa,respectively.展开更多
Chinese traditional handmade papers,due to their numerous names,have been misunderstood by the public about raw materials for a long time.This manuscript aims to introduce the raw materials of traditional Chinese hand...Chinese traditional handmade papers,due to their numerous names,have been misunderstood by the public about raw materials for a long time.This manuscript aims to introduce the raw materials of traditional Chinese handmade paper in a botanical aspect in chronological order.Chinese handmade paper’s raw materials are divided into two groups,bast fiber and grass fiber.Bast fiber paper includes ramie-made rag paper,mulberry and paper mulberry paper,Thymelaeaceae paper,and vine paper.Stalk and grass fiber paper includes bamboo paper,grass paper,and stalk paper.展开更多
The traditional alumina-silicate raw materials, for example, clays, in the precalcining technique of cement production, have been replaced by low grade and high silica content sandstones, shales, and industrial waste ...The traditional alumina-silicate raw materials, for example, clays, in the precalcining technique of cement production, have been replaced by low grade and high silica content sandstones, shales, and industrial waste residues, including fly ashes, slag, and others. The results are the change of compositions and characteristics of raw materials applied and a great effect on cement calcination process and clinker formation. In this work, the cement clinker formation process of different alumina-silicate raw materials to replace clay raw material was studied by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and high temperature microscope based on the characteristics of the alumina-silicate raw materials. The formation heat of the clinker was determined by the acid dissolution method. Influence of different alumina-silicate raw materials on the clinker burnability and formation process was studied. The results show that the changing of alumina- silicate raw materials, especially using industrial waste residues, can reduce the formation temperature of high temperature liquid phases, improve the burnability of raw materials, reduce the formation temperature and formation heat of clinker. And this study also observed the formation temperature and transformation of high temperature liquid phases in the heating process of raw materials by high temperature microscope.展开更多
Resource modeling plays a crucial role in raw material quality management for cement manufacturing.Research has shown that geological uncertainty in resource modeling is inevitable and results in risk to future extrac...Resource modeling plays a crucial role in raw material quality management for cement manufacturing.Research has shown that geological uncertainty in resource modeling is inevitable and results in risk to future extraction planning and operations of the cement plant.This study aims to assess the geological uncertainty and associated risk in modeling a cement raw material deposit in southern Vietnam.For this deposit,soil,clay,laterite,and limestone are the four primary rock types,controlling the occurrence and spatial distribution of chemical grades.In this study,hierarchical simulation method was used to evaluate the uncertainty.Rock types were first simulated,and the chemical grades conditioning to the rock types were then generated.The results demonstrated the capability of the hierarchical simulation approach to incorporate the uncertainty of rock types in resource modeling and to allow evaluating the risks in providing the desired raw material for the cement plant in the form of grade-tonnage curves.展开更多
Thirty four α-substituted or α, α-disubstituted-( 1-methylcyclohexen-4-yl )methanols and α-substituted or α,α-disubstituted-(4-methylcyclohexyl) methanols weresynthesized. Thirty two of them are new compounds. 1...Thirty four α-substituted or α, α-disubstituted-( 1-methylcyclohexen-4-yl )methanols and α-substituted or α,α-disubstituted-(4-methylcyclohexyl) methanols weresynthesized. Thirty two of them are new compounds. 1H NMR and IR spectra of allthe compounds were determined, MS spectra of some of them were obtained as well.The characteristic odors were evaluated.Keywords Fragrance raw materials,α-Terpineol analogues, Synthesis, Structuredetermination展开更多
The distribution of refractory raw material resources , its throughput capacity, product varieties and quality as well as market situation in China were investigated.
Carboxyethylation pretreatment was used to prepare microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)in this study.In order to evaluate the adaptability of this pretreatment method,carboxyethylated MFC was prepared from six different ce...Carboxyethylation pretreatment was used to prepare microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)in this study.In order to evaluate the adaptability of this pretreatment method,carboxyethylated MFC was prepared from six different cellulosic materials.The carboxyl content,degree of polymerization,water retention value,charge density,chemical structure,size distribution,and micromorphology of the materials before and after pretreatment and grinding were studied and compared.The viscosity,ultraviolet(UV)transmittance,and thermal stability of the MFC samples at a certain concentration were determined.The results showed that the carboxyl content,water retention value,charge density,degree of polymerization,size distribution,and micromorphology of the pretreated and ground samples varied with those of the raw materials.The initial viscosity varied based on the type of raw material used.The MFC suspension prepared from cotton linter pulp had the highest UV transmittance,while the MFC prepared from bleached softwood kraft pulp had the highest viscosity at a low shear rate.After thermal degradation,the amount of residual char from the MFC prepared with the thermo-mechanical pulp was slightly higher than that of the other MFCs.This study demonstrates that carboxyethylation is an effective pretreatment method for different cellulosic materials.展开更多
A comprehensive evaluation system,which focused on optimal selection of raw material forest species for edible fungi,was established by combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process（ AHP） and Experts Grading Method（ EG...A comprehensive evaluation system,which focused on optimal selection of raw material forest species for edible fungi,was established by combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process（ AHP） and Experts Grading Method（ EGM）. The evaluation system had 4 indices of grade I and 12 indices of grade II. Among the 12 indices of grade II,the weighted values of production quality of edible fungi P2（ 0. 287 4）,usable time P7（ 0. 187 3）,annual average increment P8（ 0. 187 3）,edible fungi production suitability P1（ 0. 095 8） were larger than the values of others. Based on the comprehensive evaluation system,this study analyzed and screened 47 broadleaf species of 40 genera of 25 families. There were 16 broadleaf species having the comprehensive evaluation scores of equal to or greater than2. 400 0,which were available as major tree species for edible fungi development of Guizhou Province,especially species such as Liriodendron chinense,Quercus acutissima,Alnus cremastogyne,Betula luminfera,Elaeocarpus duclouxii,Elaeocarpus sylvestris,Choerospondias axillaris. The 10 broadleaf tree species with comprehensive evaluation score of 2. 100 0 ≤ Y 2. 400 0 were recommended as candidates for edible fungi production,while the 21 broadleaf species with the comprehensive evaluation score of less than 2. 100 0 were not recommended.展开更多
This study aimed to show that the physicochemical proprieties obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, thermogravimetry （TG）, and scanning electronic microscopy （SEM） can be useful tools for e...This study aimed to show that the physicochemical proprieties obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, thermogravimetry （TG）, and scanning electronic microscopy （SEM） can be useful tools for evaluating the quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients （APIs） and pharmaceutical products. In addition, a simple, sensitive, and efficient method employing HPLC-DAD was developed for simulta- neous determination of lidocaine （LID）, ciprofloxacin （CFX） and enrofloxacin （EFX） in raw materials and in veterinary pharmaceutical formulations. Compounds were separated using a Gemini Cm （250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm） Phenomenex column, at a temperature of 25℃, with a mobile phase containing 10 mM of phosphoric acid （pH 3.29）： acetonitrile （85.7：14.3, v/v） and a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Physicochemical characterization by TG, FTIR, and SEM of raw materials of LID, CFX, and EFX provided information useful for the evaluation, differentiation, and qualification of raw materials. Finally, the HPLC method was proved to be useful for evaluation of raw material and finished products, besides satisfying the need for an analytical method that allows simultaneous determination of EFX, CFX, and LID, which can also be extended to other matrices and applications.展开更多
Agave salmiana ash and poultry eggshell powder as CaO sources were used for obtaining nanostructured hydro-xyapatite(HAP).The synthesis was carried out by the Green Chemistry Hydrothermal Biosynthesis at 180℃ with a ...Agave salmiana ash and poultry eggshell powder as CaO sources were used for obtaining nanostructured hydro-xyapatite(HAP).The synthesis was carried out by the Green Chemistry Hydrothermal Biosynthesis at 180℃ with a pH of 5,by reacting CaO from Agave Salmiana ash and Eggshell powder,with dibasic caldium phosphate(CaH-PO_(4)+2H_(2)O)in an aqueous solution,with Aloe barbadensis extract.The product was characterized by X-ray dif-fraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM).The size and shape of the hydroxyapatite particles changed dramati-cally in the presence of Aloe barbadensis.Large crystals of Hydroxyapatite were observed when Eggshell powder and Agave salmiana ash were used as raw materials in the presence of the Aloe barbadensis surfactant.Crystals with shapes of ribbons and plates from 1 micrometers to 8 micrometers were observed when using the eggshell powder in the presence of Aloe bar badensis and,in the case of Agave salmiana ash in the presence of Aloe bar-badensis,crystals with shapes of quadra ngular prisms and hexagonal(polyhedra)with sizes from 2 micrometers to 20 micrometers were observed.Hydroxyapatite was therefore successfully biosynthesized by a green and sus-tainable method that reduces the environmental impact.展开更多
1-Substituted- 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex- 3-enol and 1-substituted- 4-trimetnylsilyl-cyclohexanol, 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex-3-enol and 4-trimethylsilylcyclohexanol, and some of their esters and carbon counterparts were...1-Substituted- 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex- 3-enol and 1-substituted- 4-trimetnylsilyl-cyclohexanol, 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex-3-enol and 4-trimethylsilylcyclohexanol, and some of their esters and carbon counterparts were synthesized. Structures of the nineteen new compounds were determined by 1H NMR, IR and MS. Their odors are evaluated.展开更多
Following the dramatic increase of iron and steel output ,iron ore is increasingly in short supply ,and the quality of blast furnace （BF） raw materials is increasingly inferior. All these factors have a strong impac...Following the dramatic increase of iron and steel output ,iron ore is increasingly in short supply ,and the quality of blast furnace （BF） raw materials is increasingly inferior. All these factors have a strong impact on the BF operation. According to the analysis of the raw material properties at Baosteel and the combination of the BF smelting mechanism and its operational practice, this study probes into the operational countermeasures for dealing with the change of raw materials and puts forward optimized BF control technology to ensure the operation of BFs is stable and smooth.展开更多
The present study examines material quarrying, utilization, and exploitation strategy with respect to availability, quality and distribution at Donggutuo, a Lower Pleistocene archeological site in the Nihewan Basin of...The present study examines material quarrying, utilization, and exploitation strategy with respect to availability, quality and distribution at Donggutuo, a Lower Pleistocene archeological site in the Nihewan Basin of North China. Through identification of the bedrocks in the vicinity, the analysis reveals that raw materials available at the Donggutuo site are mainly chert, dolomicrite, siliceous dolomite, siliceous limestone, tectonic breccia, quartzite and intermediate lava. Related documents and a geological survey of the area demonstrate that the chert was quarried from dolomite within the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of the Mesoproterozoic Changcheng Group, and the quartzite from the Yousuopu Formation of the Archeozoic Qianxi Group, as well as from Jurassic volcanic lava. Fractures formed by tectonic movements of the Yanshan Stage and the Himalaya Stage made it convenient to quarry these materials. It is observed that fragmentary rock pieces were directly collected and quarried from local fracture belts and that this became the principal strategy of raw material exploitation adopted by the Donggutuo toolmakers. In general, raw materials were not efficiently used, and many of them could have been reduced, retouched and used again. Some suggestions are also proposed to improve the understanding of earlyhumans’ tool complex in the Nihewan Basin.展开更多
Mg0-Al2O3-Cr2O3 ramming mixes made of different raw materials have different mineral structure and different physical properties though with the identical particle size distribution, the same amount of binder and chem...Mg0-Al2O3-Cr2O3 ramming mixes made of different raw materials have different mineral structure and different physical properties though with the identical particle size distribution, the same amount of binder and chemical composition . The residual carbon content of the fused magnesia-chrome material made in reducing atmosphere is very high, if this material is used in the MgO-Al203-Cr2O3 ramming mix , it would cause spalling of the furnace lining during drying-out.展开更多
Cement is a kind of colloid material. This paper introduces a model of raw material proportion and quadratic programming for solving the model when three kinds of raw materials are mixed. The calculation of the raw ma...Cement is a kind of colloid material. This paper introduces a model of raw material proportion and quadratic programming for solving the model when three kinds of raw materials are mixed. The calculation of the raw material proportion is easy, and its result is reliable. This model is apt to be realized on micro-computer. This paper indicates the defects of the least square method and compares these two methods through existing instance.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(5180021223)Henan Provice Science&Technology Programs(232102231046 and 232102231051)Cultivation Programme for Yong Backbone Teachers in Henan University to Technology(2142121).
文摘To optimize their Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,anorthite based insulation refractories were prepared by the in-situ sintering process combined with the foaming method after sintering at 1350℃for 3 h,using green and pollution-free kaolin,kyanite,andalusite and sillimanite as Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials,respectively,and industrial CaCO_(3) as the CaO source.Effects of Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material types on the physical properties,phase composition and microstructure were investigated.The results are as follows.All samples prepared by different Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw materials have hexagonal flake anorthite and a small amount of mullite and corundum.Their bulk density and thermal conductivity decrease in the order of using kaolin,andalusite,kyanite and sillimanite as the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material,but their apparent porosity increases.Moreover,in the sample with kaolin,the bonding between anorthite crystals on the pore walls is closer than that of the other samples,which is conducive to increasing the cold crushing strength.The bonding between anorthite crystals on pore walls gradually decreases in the order of using kyanite,andalusite and sillimanite as the Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) raw material,thus their cold crushing strength decreases accordingly.In comprehensive consideration,the properties of the sample from kyanite are the optimal.Its apparent porosity,thermal conductivity and cold crushing strength are 84.6%,0.141 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1) and 1.89 MPa,respectively.
文摘Chinese traditional handmade papers,due to their numerous names,have been misunderstood by the public about raw materials for a long time.This manuscript aims to introduce the raw materials of traditional Chinese handmade paper in a botanical aspect in chronological order.Chinese handmade paper’s raw materials are divided into two groups,bast fiber and grass fiber.Bast fiber paper includes ramie-made rag paper,mulberry and paper mulberry paper,Thymelaeaceae paper,and vine paper.Stalk and grass fiber paper includes bamboo paper,grass paper,and stalk paper.
基金Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China("973"Program)(No.2009CB623102)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program)(No.2013AA031602)
文摘The traditional alumina-silicate raw materials, for example, clays, in the precalcining technique of cement production, have been replaced by low grade and high silica content sandstones, shales, and industrial waste residues, including fly ashes, slag, and others. The results are the change of compositions and characteristics of raw materials applied and a great effect on cement calcination process and clinker formation. In this work, the cement clinker formation process of different alumina-silicate raw materials to replace clay raw material was studied by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and high temperature microscope based on the characteristics of the alumina-silicate raw materials. The formation heat of the clinker was determined by the acid dissolution method. Influence of different alumina-silicate raw materials on the clinker burnability and formation process was studied. The results show that the changing of alumina- silicate raw materials, especially using industrial waste residues, can reduce the formation temperature of high temperature liquid phases, improve the burnability of raw materials, reduce the formation temperature and formation heat of clinker. And this study also observed the formation temperature and transformation of high temperature liquid phases in the heating process of raw materials by high temperature microscope.
文摘Resource modeling plays a crucial role in raw material quality management for cement manufacturing.Research has shown that geological uncertainty in resource modeling is inevitable and results in risk to future extraction planning and operations of the cement plant.This study aims to assess the geological uncertainty and associated risk in modeling a cement raw material deposit in southern Vietnam.For this deposit,soil,clay,laterite,and limestone are the four primary rock types,controlling the occurrence and spatial distribution of chemical grades.In this study,hierarchical simulation method was used to evaluate the uncertainty.Rock types were first simulated,and the chemical grades conditioning to the rock types were then generated.The results demonstrated the capability of the hierarchical simulation approach to incorporate the uncertainty of rock types in resource modeling and to allow evaluating the risks in providing the desired raw material for the cement plant in the form of grade-tonnage curves.
文摘Thirty four α-substituted or α, α-disubstituted-( 1-methylcyclohexen-4-yl )methanols and α-substituted or α,α-disubstituted-(4-methylcyclohexyl) methanols weresynthesized. Thirty two of them are new compounds. 1H NMR and IR spectra of allthe compounds were determined, MS spectra of some of them were obtained as well.The characteristic odors were evaluated.Keywords Fragrance raw materials,α-Terpineol analogues, Synthesis, Structuredetermination
基金The text of this paper was translated from Chinese into English by Mr. Peng Xigao revised by Mrs.Zhang Yongfang, Luoyang Institute of Refractories Research.
文摘The distribution of refractory raw material resources , its throughput capacity, product varieties and quality as well as market situation in China were investigated.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0307901,2017YFE0102500).
文摘Carboxyethylation pretreatment was used to prepare microfibrillated cellulose(MFC)in this study.In order to evaluate the adaptability of this pretreatment method,carboxyethylated MFC was prepared from six different cellulosic materials.The carboxyl content,degree of polymerization,water retention value,charge density,chemical structure,size distribution,and micromorphology of the materials before and after pretreatment and grinding were studied and compared.The viscosity,ultraviolet(UV)transmittance,and thermal stability of the MFC samples at a certain concentration were determined.The results showed that the carboxyl content,water retention value,charge density,degree of polymerization,size distribution,and micromorphology of the pretreated and ground samples varied with those of the raw materials.The initial viscosity varied based on the type of raw material used.The MFC suspension prepared from cotton linter pulp had the highest UV transmittance,while the MFC prepared from bleached softwood kraft pulp had the highest viscosity at a low shear rate.After thermal degradation,the amount of residual char from the MFC prepared with the thermo-mechanical pulp was slightly higher than that of the other MFCs.This study demonstrates that carboxyethylation is an effective pretreatment method for different cellulosic materials.
基金Supported by the Fund Project for Research Personnel in Forestry of the Department of Forestry of Guizhou Province(Qianlinkehe J[2012]No.04)
文摘A comprehensive evaluation system,which focused on optimal selection of raw material forest species for edible fungi,was established by combination of Analytic Hierarchy Process（ AHP） and Experts Grading Method（ EGM）. The evaluation system had 4 indices of grade I and 12 indices of grade II. Among the 12 indices of grade II,the weighted values of production quality of edible fungi P2（ 0. 287 4）,usable time P7（ 0. 187 3）,annual average increment P8（ 0. 187 3）,edible fungi production suitability P1（ 0. 095 8） were larger than the values of others. Based on the comprehensive evaluation system,this study analyzed and screened 47 broadleaf species of 40 genera of 25 families. There were 16 broadleaf species having the comprehensive evaluation scores of equal to or greater than2. 400 0,which were available as major tree species for edible fungi development of Guizhou Province,especially species such as Liriodendron chinense,Quercus acutissima,Alnus cremastogyne,Betula luminfera,Elaeocarpus duclouxii,Elaeocarpus sylvestris,Choerospondias axillaris. The 10 broadleaf tree species with comprehensive evaluation score of 2. 100 0 ≤ Y 2. 400 0 were recommended as candidates for edible fungi production,while the 21 broadleaf species with the comprehensive evaluation score of less than 2. 100 0 were not recommended.
基金the Brazilian agencies CNPq(Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico)CAPES(Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior)+3 种基金FAPES(Fundacao de AmparoàPesquisa e Inovacao do Espírito Santo)FAPEMIG(Fundacao de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais)for financial supporta collaborative research project with members of Rede Mineira de Química(RQ-MG)supported by FAPEMIG(Project:REDE-113/10Project:CEX-RED-0010–14)
文摘This study aimed to show that the physicochemical proprieties obtained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, thermogravimetry （TG）, and scanning electronic microscopy （SEM） can be useful tools for evaluating the quality of active pharmaceutical ingredients （APIs） and pharmaceutical products. In addition, a simple, sensitive, and efficient method employing HPLC-DAD was developed for simulta- neous determination of lidocaine （LID）, ciprofloxacin （CFX） and enrofloxacin （EFX） in raw materials and in veterinary pharmaceutical formulations. Compounds were separated using a Gemini Cm （250 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm） Phenomenex column, at a temperature of 25℃, with a mobile phase containing 10 mM of phosphoric acid （pH 3.29）： acetonitrile （85.7：14.3, v/v） and a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min. Physicochemical characterization by TG, FTIR, and SEM of raw materials of LID, CFX, and EFX provided information useful for the evaluation, differentiation, and qualification of raw materials. Finally, the HPLC method was proved to be useful for evaluation of raw material and finished products, besides satisfying the need for an analytical method that allows simultaneous determination of EFX, CFX, and LID, which can also be extended to other matrices and applications.
基金The funding was provided by Project CE1645-21 PAICYTUANL.
文摘Agave salmiana ash and poultry eggshell powder as CaO sources were used for obtaining nanostructured hydro-xyapatite(HAP).The synthesis was carried out by the Green Chemistry Hydrothermal Biosynthesis at 180℃ with a pH of 5,by reacting CaO from Agave Salmiana ash and Eggshell powder,with dibasic caldium phosphate(CaH-PO_(4)+2H_(2)O)in an aqueous solution,with Aloe barbadensis extract.The product was characterized by X-ray dif-fraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM).The size and shape of the hydroxyapatite particles changed dramati-cally in the presence of Aloe barbadensis.Large crystals of Hydroxyapatite were observed when Eggshell powder and Agave salmiana ash were used as raw materials in the presence of the Aloe barbadensis surfactant.Crystals with shapes of ribbons and plates from 1 micrometers to 8 micrometers were observed when using the eggshell powder in the presence of Aloe bar badensis and,in the case of Agave salmiana ash in the presence of Aloe bar-badensis,crystals with shapes of quadra ngular prisms and hexagonal(polyhedra)with sizes from 2 micrometers to 20 micrometers were observed.Hydroxyapatite was therefore successfully biosynthesized by a green and sus-tainable method that reduces the environmental impact.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘1-Substituted- 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex- 3-enol and 1-substituted- 4-trimetnylsilyl-cyclohexanol, 4-trimethylsilylcyclohex-3-enol and 4-trimethylsilylcyclohexanol, and some of their esters and carbon counterparts were synthesized. Structures of the nineteen new compounds were determined by 1H NMR, IR and MS. Their odors are evaluated.
文摘Following the dramatic increase of iron and steel output ,iron ore is increasingly in short supply ,and the quality of blast furnace （BF） raw materials is increasingly inferior. All these factors have a strong impact on the BF operation. According to the analysis of the raw material properties at Baosteel and the combination of the BF smelting mechanism and its operational practice, this study probes into the operational countermeasures for dealing with the change of raw materials and puts forward optimized BF control technology to ensure the operation of BFs is stable and smooth.
文摘The present study examines material quarrying, utilization, and exploitation strategy with respect to availability, quality and distribution at Donggutuo, a Lower Pleistocene archeological site in the Nihewan Basin of North China. Through identification of the bedrocks in the vicinity, the analysis reveals that raw materials available at the Donggutuo site are mainly chert, dolomicrite, siliceous dolomite, siliceous limestone, tectonic breccia, quartzite and intermediate lava. Related documents and a geological survey of the area demonstrate that the chert was quarried from dolomite within the Gaoyuzhuang Formation of the Mesoproterozoic Changcheng Group, and the quartzite from the Yousuopu Formation of the Archeozoic Qianxi Group, as well as from Jurassic volcanic lava. Fractures formed by tectonic movements of the Yanshan Stage and the Himalaya Stage made it convenient to quarry these materials. It is observed that fragmentary rock pieces were directly collected and quarried from local fracture belts and that this became the principal strategy of raw material exploitation adopted by the Donggutuo toolmakers. In general, raw materials were not efficiently used, and many of them could have been reduced, retouched and used again. Some suggestions are also proposed to improve the understanding of earlyhumans’ tool complex in the Nihewan Basin.
文摘Mg0-Al2O3-Cr2O3 ramming mixes made of different raw materials have different mineral structure and different physical properties though with the identical particle size distribution, the same amount of binder and chemical composition . The residual carbon content of the fused magnesia-chrome material made in reducing atmosphere is very high, if this material is used in the MgO-Al203-Cr2O3 ramming mix , it would cause spalling of the furnace lining during drying-out.
文摘Cement is a kind of colloid material. This paper introduces a model of raw material proportion and quadratic programming for solving the model when three kinds of raw materials are mixed. The calculation of the raw material proportion is easy, and its result is reliable. This model is apt to be realized on micro-computer. This paper indicates the defects of the least square method and compares these two methods through existing instance.
