Intensity correlation properties of x-ray beams split with Laue diffraction

Beam splitting is one of the main approaches to achieving x-ray ghost imaging, and the intensity correlation between diffraction beam and transmission beam will directly affect the imaging quality. In this paper, we investigate the intensity correlation between the split x-ray beams by Laue diffraction of stress-free crystal. The analysis based on the dynamical theory of x-ray diffraction indicates that the spatial resolution of diffraction image and transmission image are reduced due to the position shift of the exit beam. In the experimental setup, a stress-free crystal with a thickness of hundredmicrometers-level is used for beam splitting. The crystal is in a non-dispersive configuration equipped with a double-crystal monochromator to ensure that the dimension of the diffraction beam and transmission beam are consistent. A correlation coefficient of 0.92 is achieved experimentally and the high signal-to-noise ratio of the x-ray ghost imaging is anticipated.Results of this paper demonstrate that the developed beam splitter of Laue crystal has the potential in the efficient data acquisition of x-ray ghost imaging.

THE EVIDENCE OF LOSSY WEDGE DIFFRACTION COEFFICIENT IN THEORY

Formulas of diffraction field of lossy wedges with less than 180?wedge angle are derived on the basis of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff wave theory and their numerical results are compared with those of the heuristic lossy wedge diffraction coefficient given by Luebbers (1984), showing good agreement between the two types of numerical results which have different bases in theory. The agreement shows that the lossy wedge diffraction coefficient as an extension of UTD is quite reasonable.

Far-field vector-diffraction of off-axis parabolic mirror under oblique incidence

Based on a full vector-diffraction theory, a detailed theoretical study is carried out, aiming at providing a clear insight into the effects of different focusing and off-axis parabola parameters on far-field vector-diffraction properties of an offaxis parabolic mirror in the presence of misalignments of the incoming beam. The physical origin of these effects is also explored. The results show that the far-field intensity profile is altered by the distortion-, coma-, and astigmatism-like aberrations, which are caused by oblique incidence rather than inherent aberrations for the off-axis configuration. The radius of 90% encircled energy also increases but does not change monotonically with incident beam size increasing, or rather,it first decreases and then increases. The focal shift strongly depends on the effective focal length and oblique incidence angle, but it is almost independent of the beam size, which affects the focusing spot patterns. The intensity distribution produces a higher astigmatic image with off-axis angle increasing. Coma-like aberration starts to become dominant with beam size increasing and results in larger curved propagation trajectory. The incident polarization also affects the intensity distribution. The variation in the Strehl ratio with oblique incidence angle strongly depends on the misalignment direction and beam size as well. In addition, we find that the difference in locus between the catacaustic and the diffraction focus in the meridian is small. But the locus of the sagittal foci is obviously different from the locus of the meridian foci and the catacaustic focus. Moreover, the peak intensity of the sagittal focus is maximum, and the ratio of the peak intensity to that in the meridian plane is approximately 1.5. Understanding these effects is valuable for assessing a practical focused intensity and describing the motion of charged particles under a strong electric field in ultraintense laser–matter interaction.

Diffraction of an ultrashort pulsed beam with arbitrary polarization state from a volume holographic grating in LiNbO3 crystals

Based on a modified coupled wave theory of Kogelnik, we have studied the diffraction of an ultrashort pulsed beam with an arbitrary polarization state from a volume holographic grating in photorefractive LiNbO3 crystals. The results indicate that the diffracted intensity distributions in the spectral and temporal domains and the diffraction efficiency of the grating are both changed by the polarization state and spectral bandwidth of the input pulsed beam. A method is given of choosing the grating parameters and input conditions to obtain a large variation range of the spectral bandwidth of the diffracted pulsed beam with an appropriate diffraction efficiency. Our study presents a possibility of using a volume holographic grating recorded in anisotropic materials to shape a broadband ultrashort pulsed beam by modulating its polarization state.

SIDEBANDS OF X-RAY DIFFRACTION IN AGE-HARDENED Cu-Ti ALLOY

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人工等离子体云团与无人机群的散射研究

电离层中释放的金属蒸气产生人工等离子体云团,其可显著改变无线电波传播。本文利用几何绕射理论(geometrical theory of diffraction, GTD)和有限元法(finite element method, FEM)相结合的方法,给出了经由天线、人工等离子云团和无人机(unmanned aerial vehicle, UAV)群组成的传播链路中信号强度计算方法。利用30~70 MHz甚高频(very high frequency, VHF)信号研究人工等离子体云团与UAV群的复合散射特性,得出如下结论:接收功率随着信号频率增加呈下降趋势;当机群由N架UAV构成时,阵因子迭加使机群雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS)出现一定的起伏,同相迭加时,接收功率可比单个UAV高约20lg N dB;利用人工等离子体云团散射可实现VHF频段用于对米级尺度RCS目标进行超视距探测,有助于解决紧急情况下电离层扰动对高频探测的不利影响。

基于实测波浪的单桩式海上风电基础波浪力计算研究

基于实测波面的波浪力获取作为结构动力响应分析以及数字孪生模型建立的必备环节,对海上风电数字化运维至关重要。为了满足更大的装机容量需求,单桩式海上风电基础趋于大型化,其尺度因子D/L也随之增大;并且实际海域均为非规则波,以尺度因子划分波浪力计算理论的方法对非规则波的适用性尚不明确。通过建立数值水槽,依据实际工况对不规则波与桩基的作用进行数值模拟,得到入射波浪场与桩基所受波浪力,在此基础上,基于入射波浪场分别采用Morison方程以及绕射理论求解波浪力并将之与数值模拟结果进行对比,分析了不同波浪力计算理论关于尺度因子的适用性,同时探究了波浪要素对计算精度的影响。结果表明:Morison方程在波高较大时精度下降;相对于Morison方程,绕射理论在该尺度下的精度更高。最后,通过分析实测数据进一步探讨了典型工况下的波浪力特征,以期通过实测波面计算波浪力的方法为实际服役风机波浪力计算提供技术支持。

预测规则波浪中船舶运动和载荷的频域三维计算机程序

The development of an in-house computer program for determining the motions and loads of advancing ships through sea waves in the frequency domain,is described in this paper.The code is based on the potential flow formulation and originates from a double-body code enhanced with the regular part of the velocity potential computed using the pulsing source Green function.The code is fully developed in C++language with extensive use of the object-oriented paradigm.The code is capable of estimating the excitation and inertial radiation loads or arbitrary incoming wave frequencies and incidence angles.The hydrodynamic responses such as hydrodynamic coefficients,ship motions,the vertical shear force and the vertical bending moment are estimated.A benchmark container ship and an LNG carrier are selected for testing and validating the computer code.The obtained results are compared with the available experimental data which demonstrate the acceptable compliance for the zero speed whereas there are some discrepancies over the range of frequencies for the advancing ship in different heading angles.

基于单一元件产生太赫兹无衍射波束技术研究

提出了一种新型的光学元件,可以产生与元件具有一定距离的无衍射波束。普通轴棱锥的横截面为等腰三角形,通过在两个腰上限定抛物线进行元件设计,采用3D打印技术制作了不同结构参数的光学元件。角谱理论的仿真计算结果以及在0.1 THz频率下进行的实验结果,都清晰地表明了产生的无衍射波束与元件之间具有一定距离。利用空间频谱对元件的波束行为进行分析,结果表明,该元件产生了一种新型的无衍射波束,根据元件的空频形状,将元件产生的无衍射波束命名为“梳状空频无衍射波束”。

基于数值仿真计算的高速铁路声屏障长度对插入损失的影响

在当前高速铁路降噪措施中,声屏障最为普遍和有效,其中声屏障设置高度是主要设计参数,而声屏障设置长度和位置,则一般根据经验结合简单计算选取,声屏障长度及预测点位置对插入损失变化的影响考虑较少。根据Kurze点声源绕射声衰减理论推导有限长声屏障对列车线声源插入损失的理论算法,对比分析声屏障长度、高度变化对不同位置预测点声屏障插入损失的影响。研究结论如下:(1)随着声屏障长度增加,各预测点位置尤其声屏障两端附近,声屏障插入损失变大;(2)采取加高、延长声屏障措施对于插入损失值及空间分布影响不同,应根据预测点位置情况合理选择声屏障优化措施;(3)半无限长声屏障端部加长50 m后,插入损失变化量较为明显的区域位于声屏障端部水平距离110 m、与线路中心线距离130 m范围内。

基于激光全息投影的数字媒体图像三维重构方法

数字媒体图像形态多为不规则,增加了微小细节的采集难度,导致其三维重构质量下降,因此提出基于激光全息投影的数字媒体图像三维重构方法。采用CCD摄像机与激光设备采集数字媒体图像,根据激光全息投影与衍射理论得到物光上各点相位与振幅,得到包含微小信息的激光全息投影图像。针对投影过程中产生散斑噪声,运用复合波片、毛玻璃调制物光相位,抑制光源的相干性,去除图像上噪声。采用包围盒算法获得光线射入物体的三维空间坐标,利用欧拉-拉格朗日方程建立图像三维重构数据场,实现数字媒体图像的三维重构。实验结果表明,所提方法能够有效去除重构过程中的噪声,保证重构后图像清晰度,降低了数字媒体图像三维重构的误差,缩短了重构的时间,所提出方法的重构均方误差最大不超过0.5,重构时间在10 s内。

一体化加力燃烧室吸波介质涂敷位置对发动机雷达散射特征的影响

为了研究一体化加力燃烧室表面雷达吸波介质涂敷位置对发动机雷达散射特征的影响,采用弹跳射线法(SBR)和物理绕射理论(PTD)混合算法,针对配装一体化加力燃烧室的发动机后腔体开展了14种涂覆方案的数值计算和分析。结果表明:低压涡轮部件受到一体化支板的遮挡,其对发动机尾向雷达散射特征贡献相对较小,基本可以忽略;加力中心锥、一体化支板(背风面)、加力隔热屏(上游段)、喷管扩张段及喷管外调节片是发动机尾向重要的雷达散射源(在本研究计算条件下,单个因素影响约为20%~70%),是雷达吸波介质优先涂敷位置;加力合流环、加力隔热屏(中、下游段)、喷管收敛段在发动机尾向重点角域内基本不可视,雷达回波影响较弱(在本研究计算条件下,单个因素影响约为5%~10%),可作为雷达吸波介质视情涂敷位置。

The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body in water

Understanding the physical features of the diffracted sound field on the surface of an axisymmetric body is important for predicting the self-noise of a sonar mounted on an underwater platform. The diffracted sound field from the transition region of an axisymmetric body was calculated by the geometrical theory of diffraction. The diffraction ray between the source point and the receiving point on the surface of an axisymmetric body was calculated by using the dynamic programming method. Based on the diffracted sound field, a simulation scheme for the noise correlation of the conformal array was presented. It was shown that the normalized pressure of the diffracted sound field from the transition region reduced with the increases of the frequency and the curvature of the ray. The flow noises of two models were compared and a rather optimum fore-body geometric shape was given. Furthermore, it was shown that the correlation of the flow noise in the low frequencies was stronger than that in the high frequencies. And the flow noise received by the acoustic array on the curved surface had a stronger correlation than that on the head plane at the designed center frequency, which is important for sonar system design.

Nonlinear Time-Domain Theory for the Simulation of Moored Floating Body Motion

Nonlinear wave loads can induce low-frequency and high-frequency resonance motions of a moored platform in deep water. For the analysis of the nonlinear response of an offshore platform under the action of irregular waves, the most widely used method in practice is the Cummins method, in which the second-order exciting forces in the time domain are computed by a two-term Volterra series model based on incident waves, first-order body motion response, and quadratic transfer functions(QTFs). QTFs are bichromatic waves acting on a body and are computed in the frequency domain in advance. For moving bodies, QTFs are related to the first-order body response, which is to be determined in the simulation process of body motion response but is unknown in the computation procedure of QTFs. In solving this problem, Teng and Cong(2017) proposed a method to divide the QTFs into different components,which are unrelated to the body response. With the application of the new QTF components, a modified Cummins method can be developed for the simulation of the nonlinear response of a moored floating platform. This paper presents a review of the theory.

空间引力波望远镜内部光场计算方法研究

在空间引力波探测系统中,望远镜系统出瞳处的复振幅光场分布仿真准确性密切影响着干涉测量的准确性和TTL噪声控制分析有效性,因此对其内部光场传输进行高精度衍射仿真计算十分必要。本文论证了采用基于矢量光线追迹的衍射积分算法建立仿真算法的必要性,结合离轴无焦四反望远镜模型进行了算法流程说明。基于该算法建立了仿真程序,带入望远镜系统设计参数,进行了波前计算精度的验证,并展示了矢量光场仿真计算结果。基于该系统模型,对输入高斯光场参数、元件表面复折射率两个因素对输出光场矢量特性带来的影响进行了仿真讨论。

城市环境电磁态势计算中的并行UTD方法

复杂城市环境中的电磁态势预测是无线通信频谱利用、城市系统工程规划以及电磁兼容设计的基本问题,既有工程实用性价值,又具有理论探索价值。计算电磁学中的一致性几何绕射理论方法是分析电大环境电磁问题的有效方法,建立并行策略之后可有效地对城市环境中的电磁态势进行仿真计算和分析。引入了解析六面体模型,使用平面反射、边缘绕射以及与边缘绕射有关的二次绕射、反射-绕射等射线模型来描述电磁波在不可见区域中的传播情况,给出了二次边缘绕射的解析射线寻迹方法。给出计算实例,分别与矩量法计算结果和实际测量结果进行了对比,验证了所述方法的准确性和有效性。为缩短射线寻迹模块的计算时间,提升计算效率并进一步扩展可应用的工程问题计算规模,设计了一种可扩展性较好的并行计算策略,根据射线类型相似性分配计算任务以保证较好的并行计算量均衡。对并行效率和并行加速比进行了讨论,说明了此并行策略的扩展性;与实测结果的对比说明了并行一致性几何绕射理论方法的工程实用性。

空间等离子体云超视距电波传播特性研究

通过在电离层中释放易电离金属物质人工生成空间等离子体云,可形成无线电波超视距传播的人工信道.基于人工空间等离子体云信道,可解决短波系统依赖于电离层状态的“靠天吃饭”问题,提升短波通信系统的抗干扰能力;亦可突破电离层的自然条件限制,拓展超视距传输的电磁频段范围,实现电波传播的新质能力.本文研究了Sm蒸气在电离层中的物理化学过程,建立了电离层Sm释放物理模型;仿真了空间等离子体云时空演化过程,利用射线追踪方法研究了空间等离子体云的超视距电波特性;建立了空间等离子体云全生命周期超视距散射模型,根据人工等离子体云电子密度强度及分布特性,将几何绕射理论引入人工等离子体云散射场的计算,研究了等离子体云地面散射场的时空变化特性.本文研究为人工空间等离子云超视距信息传输技术研究奠定了坚实基础.

哑铃型桥梁结构畸形波浪力水槽试验及简化算法

为研究畸形波浪参数对新型哑铃型桥梁结构波浪力的影响,开展一系列波流水槽模型试验.首先,分析谱峰频率、频率范围及聚焦位置对哑铃型桥梁结构周围的波面时程图及波峰的影响;其次,阐明上述波浪参数对结构畸形波浪力时程图及波浪力峰值的影响规律;最后,基于经典绕射理论,提出适用于新型哑铃型桥梁结构畸形波浪力谱的简化计算方法.研究结果表明:谱峰频率、聚焦位置及频率范围对结构周围的波面位移影响均较小,差异均小于3%.谱峰频率和聚焦位置对哑铃型桥梁结构畸形波浪力有较大影响,当谱峰频率从0.6 Hz增加到1.1 Hz时,顺波向波浪力呈先增后减的变化趋势,变化幅度最高达11.0%,垂向浮托力则下降了57.0%;当频率范围从0.5 Hz增加到0.8 Hz时,顺波向波浪力下降了2.1%,垂向浮托力增大了5.9%;当聚焦位置从结构物的迎浪侧移动到背浪侧时,引起的结构顺波向波浪力变化幅度小于5%,垂向浮托力变化幅度小于3%.经过试验数据和理论分析结果的对比表明,基于绕射理论提出的简化算法可有效计算畸形波作用下哑铃型桥梁结构的波浪力谱模型.

大型障碍物影响下航向信标敏感区的划设

国际民航组织给出了仪表着陆系统航向信标(localizer,LOC)敏感区划设建议,但没有考虑大型障碍物的影响,也没有提供相应理论说明。中国民航正在提升仪表着陆系统的运行等级,必须评估大型建筑物对该敏感区的影响。聚焦机载LOC接收信号的调制度差(difference in depth of modulation,DDM),分析研究大型障碍物产生的LOC反射信号、边缘绕射信号及尖顶绕射信号对DDM的影响,基于双频20单元LOC阵列天线建立DDM计算模型,仿真分析了铁质和水泥材质大型障碍物在不同位置时对DDM的影响,获得了大型障碍物影响下LOC敏感区,并为国内某条实施III类运行跑道附近的机库改造提供相应建议。

Analyses and computations of asymmetric Z-scan for large phase shift from diffraction theory

Based on Presnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory, we set up a diffraction model of nonlinear optical media to Gaussian beam, which can interpret the Z-scan phenomenon from a new way. This theory is not only well consistent with the conventional Z-scan theory in the case of small nonlinear phase shift, but also can fit for the lager nonlinear phase shift. Numeric computations indicate the shape of the Z-scan curve is greatly affected by the value of the nonlinear phase shift. The symmetric dispersion-like Z-scan curve is only valid for small nonlinear phase shift (|Δφ0| < π), but with increasing the nonlinear phase shift, the valley of the transmittance is severely suppressed and the peak is greatly enhanced. Further calculations show some new interesting results.