Getters Reactants. I. Thermo-Sedimentational Activation

A new method for chemical pumping of gases has been developed using reactive alloys of Li with IIA metals in the liquid state. It is an answer to the need for ultra-high and extremely high vacuum without loose solid particles. Another application of this development is the production of high- and ultra-pure noble gases in a one-step process. Both of these solutions are unprecedented;they are based on a new gas/melt sorption interface that raises the overall bar of technical advances in the field to a higher level, simplifying sorption equipment and leading to cost savings.

Retinol-binding protein, acute phase reactants and Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma

AIM： To determine the serum levels of c-reactive protein （CRP）, transferrin （TRF）, a2-macroglobulin （A2M）, ceruloplasmin （CER）, al-acid glycoprotein （AAG）, prealbumin （P-ALB） and retinol-binding protein （RBP） in gastric carcinoma patients and to explore their possible correlation with underlying Helicobacter pylori （H pylon） infection. METHODS： We measured the serum levels of CRP, TRF, A2M, CER, AAG, P-ALB, and RBP in 153 preoperative patients （93 males; mean age： 63.1±11.3 years） with non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma and 19 healthy subjects. RESULTS： The levels of CRP, CER, RBP, and AAG in cancer patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls （P〈0.0001）, while no difference was found regarding the TRF, P-ALB, and A2M levels. Cancer patients with H py/ori infection had significantly lower RBP values compared to non-infected ones （P〈0.0001） and also higher values of CRP and AAG （P = 0.09 andP = 0.08, respectively）. CONCLUSION： High serum levels of CRP, CER and AAG in cancer patients do not seem to be related to H pylori infection. Retinol-binding protein seems to discriminate between infected and non-infected patients with gastric carcinoma. Further studies are needed to explore if it is directly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease or is merely an epiphenomenon.

EFFECT OF BACKGROUND REACTANT GRADIENT ON TRACER DISPERSION:A CASE STUDY OF IMPULSE INJECTION OF REACTANT INTO AN OPEN REACTOR

The paradox is well known that the residence time distribution(RTD)is not valid forthe estimation of the conversion of a first order reaction in an open tubular reactor.A casc ofδ injection of reactive species into an open flow system is investigated theoretically in this paper.The analytical solution with the Laplace transform demonstrated that the conversion of a first orderreaction is identical to that in a closed reactor under steady state.The effect of the backgroundreactant concentration gradient addressed by the authors in a previous paper was employed to thiscase.and the numerical solution of the tracer dispersion based on this novel argument gave rise to asimilar value of conversion.suggesting the validity of the concept and the significance of the subtledifference between RTDs determined with or without the presence of a background reactant in anopen flow system.

RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION IN AN OPEN REACTOR:EFFECT OF BACKGROUND REACTANT ON TRACER DISPERSION

A new approach is presented for deriving the residence time distribution(RTD)in open-type reactors with exclusion of residence in the fore section.Inasmuch as failure to predict the con-version of chemical reactions has been evidenced in many occasions,numerical solution of tracerdispersion in the presence of background concentration gradient of reactant is given to demonstratethe strong effect of background reactant on the true RTD a reactant molecule experiences.Withinthe error of computation,the conversion of a first-order chemical reaction under steady state is shownto be equal in both closed and open reactors,despite difference in relevant

Electro-oxidation of mixed reactants of ethanol and formate on Pd/C in alkaline fuel cells

Direct ethanol fuel cells have attracted attention as an alternative energy technology due to several advantages such as high theoretical energy density and abundant supply of ethanol.In spite of the advantages,commercialization of direct ethanol fuel cells is hampered by the relatively low performance caused by its slow oxidation kinetics and difficulty of complete oxidation.In this study,formate,which has relatively faster oxidation kinetics,was mixed with ethanol to compensate the latter’s sluggish kinetics.Effects of p H,concentration,scan rate,and temperature on the mixed reactants oxidation on Pd were investigated by electrochemical experiments such as potential sweep and potentiostatic methods.Furthermore,the potential of the mixed reactants as fuel was evaluated by single cell experiments.As a result,we demonstrate that mixing formate with ethanol results in enhanced power performance in a single cell system.

KINETIC EQUATIONS WITH VARIATION OF LIQUID REACTANT CONCENTRATION

For two common types of liquid-solid heterogeneous reactions,the kinetic equations have been established which involved both the variation of liquid reactant concentration and the va- riation of solid reactant geornetry with the reaction time.The experimental results show that the kinetic equations are more accurate and reasonable than those appeared in previous litera- tures.Moreover,they are also suitable for gas-solid heterogeneous reactions in principle.

Differences in Acute Phase Reactants between Gout and Pseudogout

Objectives: To define clinical differences in the acute phase response and serum acute phase reactants between gout, pseudogout and crystal-induced arthritis in the presence of non-articular infections (CAI). Patients and Methods: Eleven patients with definite gout, 12 patients with pseudogout and 5 patients with CIA were included in the study. Results: The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was significantly different between gout (68.2 ± 49.9 mm/Hr) and CIA (113.8 ± 37.2 mm/Hr) but not between gout and pseudogout (83.9 ± 45.6 mm/Hr) or between pseudogout and CIA. The C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly increased between gout (10.1 ± 7.9 mg/dL) and pseudogout (18.9 ± 9.8 mg/dL), gout and CIA (36.5 ± 12.4 mg/dL) as well as between pseudogout and CIA. The peripheral white cell count was significantly different between gout (9.27 ± 3.7 k/μL) and CIA (16.5 ± 6.8 k/μL), and between pseudogout (8.9 ± 3.2 k/μL) and CIA. Conclusions: Measurement of ESR and CRP are helpful in crystal-induced arthritis. The CRP has more discriminating utility than the ESR in distinguishing between gout, pseudogout and CIA. Peripheral wbc is most useful for differentiating crystal-induced arthritis from CIA.

Distinct microstructure and property evolution of 0.76(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))TiO_(3)-0.24SrTiO_(3) ferroelectric ceramics synthesized with different TiO_(2) reactants

Single phase 0.76(Bi_(0.5)Na_(0.5))TiO_(3)–0.24SrTiO_(3) ferroelectric ceramics have been synthesized with homogenous anatase and hierarchical rutile TiO_(2) raw reactants(BNST-A and BNST-R).Either calcined powder persists the microstructure characteristics of raw reactants.As the result,when the sintering temperature increases from 1000 to 1200℃,the average grain size and density of BNST-A increase from 0.49 to 1.48μm and 5.02 to 5.61 g/cm^(3),while those of BNST-R from 0.86 to 1.44μm and 5.37 to 5.61 g/cm^(3).BNST-A illustrates a predominant ergodic relaxor state,and BNST-R prefers a non-ergodic relaxor state,as evidenced by the distinct polarization-electric field loops and current-electric field curves.Especially,such a distinct ferroelectric state is independent of sintering temperature.It is believed that the special hierarchical microstructure of rutile TiO_(2) reactant is beneficial to form denser ceramics with larger grains,and thus suppresses the contributions of polar nanoregions and defect-induced built-in field to ferroelectric property,leading to non-ergodic relaxor state.This work clearly demonstrates the nonnegligible effects of TiO_(2) reactants on the microstructure and properties of BNST ferroelectric ceramics.

电解水制氢耦合有机物氧化研究进展

利用可再生能源(太阳能、风能)驱动的电解水制氢技术是获取“绿氢”的必经之路,是实现碳中和的重要战略措施。然而,目前电解水制氢技术仍面临电解效率低和能耗高等问题。其原因之一在于阳极析氧反应(OER)动力学过程缓慢,制约了阴极产氢,并且阳极产物氧气的附加值较低。利用电解水过程中阳极产生的“活性氧”物种催化有机物选择性氧化(替代OER),被证明是能够降低电解水反应电压、提高产氢效率的有效策略,并且利用阳极得到高附加值化学品可以进一步分摊并降低制氢成本,最近受到科研界和产业界的广泛关注。基于此,总结了近年来电解水制氢耦合有机物氧化方面的研究进展,包括:阳极表面水活化产生活性氧的种类及其催化有机氧化反应机理、反应物吸附过程强化提升反应速率相关策略、电解水制氢耦合氧化反应器设计和产物分离等技术。最后,对该领域的未来发展前景和面临的挑战进行了总结和展望。

Unveiling the importance of reactant mass transfer in environmental catalysis:Taking catalytic chlorobenzene oxidation as an example

To date,investigations onto the regulation of reactants mass transfer has been paid much less attention in environmental catalysis.Herein,we demonstrated that by rationally designing the adsorption sites of multi-reactants,the pollutant destruction efficiency,product selectivity,reaction stability and secondary pollution have been all affected in the catalytic chlorobenzene oxidation(CBCO).Experimental results revealed that the co-adsorption of chlo robenzene(CB)and gaseous O_(2)at the oxygen vacancies of CeO_(2)led to remarkably high CO_(2)generation,owning to their short mass transfer distance on the catalyst surface,while their separated adsorptions at Bronsted HZSM-5 and CeO_(2)vacancies resulted in a much lower CO_(2)generation,and produced significant polychlorinated byproducts in the off-gas.Howeve r,this separated adsorption model yielded superior long-term stability for the CeO_(2)/HZSM-5 catalyst,owning to the protection of CeO_(2)oxygen vacancies from Cl poisoning by the preferential adsorption of CB on the Bronsted acidic sites.This work unveils that design of environmental catalysts needs to consider both of the catalyst intrinsic property and reactant mass transfer;investigations of the latter could pave a new way for the development of highly efficient catalysts towards environmental pollution control.

Electrochemiluminescence from tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium (Ⅱ) in the presence of aminocarboxylic acid co-reactants

Due to the highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL), tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+) is often used in the field of bioarrays with the help of co-reactants. However, the generally used co-reactant, tripropylamine (TPA), is toxic, corrosive and volatile. Therefore, the search for safe, sensitive and economical co-reactants is critical. Herein, three aminocarboxylic acids, ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), and 2-hydroxyethylethylene diaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), have been investigated as potential co-reactants for promoting Ru(bpy)32+ ECL behaviour. A possible ECL mechanism is also presented. The experimental results suggested that the co-reactants have a different ECL behaviour compared to TPA, such as different pH- and surfactant-responses. The detection limits of Ru(bpy)32+ using NTA, EDTA and HEDTA as co-reactants are 1, 60 and 680 fmol·L-1, respectively. The results indicate that NTA has a much higher efficiency than TPA to excite Ru(bpy)3 2+ ECL under their own optimal conditions. NTA could be widely used in many fields because it is less toxic, corrosive and volatile than TPA. Moreover, using Ru(bpy)3 2+ ECL, a sensitive method for the detection of aminocarboxylic acids is also developed. An improvement of four orders of magnitude in detection limits is obtained for EDTA compared to the known Ru(bpy) 3 2+ chemiluminescent methods.

自主水下航行器燃料电池技术研究进展

自主水下航行器作为一种无人自主平台,在海洋科学调查、海洋油气工业和国防军事领域发挥着越来越显著的作用。质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)作为一种可以替代锂电池的潜在能源形式,将显著提升自主水下航行器的航程和工作时间。将PEMFC集成在自主水下航行器上不仅面临水下密闭空间持续稳定运行的挑战,同时涉及到集成平台带来的额外设计约束。本文综述近十年应用于自主水下航行器上的质子交换膜燃料电池研究进展,主要围绕自主水下航行器集成平台对燃料电池带来的设计约束、反应物的储存方案和评价指标体系、系统原型开发和试验测试。反应物的储存方案一直是研究的热点,在系统原型开发和测试上的研究进展有限。

变黄期烘烤参数优化对加热卷烟烟叶美拉德反应物的影响

【目的】优化适宜加热卷烟烟叶原料的调制烘烤方法。【方法】以烤烟品种K326为材料,选取延长稳温时间变黄烘烤工艺和缓慢升温变黄烘烤工艺处理,按加热卷烟感官评价方法进行综合评价,并检测优化烘烤工艺后烟叶的糖类化合物、氮类化合物以及香气前体物。【结果】(1)变黄期延长稳温时间和缓慢升温处理均可适当提高美拉德反应物含量,具体表现为含羰基化合物(还原糖、果糖、葡萄糖和芸香苷)和含氨化合物(游离氨基酸和脯氨酸)含量增加;(2)变黄期缓慢升温处理后的加热卷烟烟叶香气香味得分和总分优于变黄期延长稳温时间处理,缓慢升温处理提升加热卷烟烟叶的质量效果最佳;(3)美拉德反应物还原糖、游离氨基酸和芸香苷正向作用于加热卷烟烟叶感官评吸质量。【结论】变黄期延长稳温时间和缓慢升温可提高美拉德反应物含量,有利于提升加热卷烟烟叶质量。

尤瑞克林治疗急性脑梗死患者的疗效及其对炎性反应物、血管内皮功能的改善作用分析

目的 分析尤瑞克林治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及对患者炎性反应物、血管内皮功能的影响。方法 100例急性脑梗死患者,以随机数字表法分为参照组和研究组,每组50例。参照组患者采用常规治疗,研究组患者在参照组基础上加用尤瑞克林治疗。对比两组患者临床疗效及治疗前后炎性反应物[C反应蛋白(CRP)]、血管内皮指标[血管内皮素-1(ET-1)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)]。结果 研究组患者总有效率94.00%,显著高于参照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者CRP、ET-1、VEGF水平对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,研究组患者CRP(9.45±2.07)mg/L、ET-1(48.42±5.33)ng/L明显低于参照组的(15.39±3.41)mg/L、(61.39±6.02)ng/L, VEGF(243.08±35.42)pg/ml明显高于参照组的(185.54±31.07)pg/ml,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 尤瑞克林用于急性脑梗死治疗优势显著,可提升临床疗效、降低炎性反应水平、改善血管内皮功能,促进病情康复,有推广应用价值。

精神分裂症伴抑郁症患者血清iNOS、TBARS水平及其与疾病严重程度的相关性研究

目的探究精神分裂症伴抑郁症患者血清诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)水平及其与疾病严重程度的相关性。方法选取123例精神分裂症患者,根据患者是否伴有抑郁症分为伴抑郁症组60例和未伴抑郁症组63例,另选同期无精神疾病者60名为对照组;酶联免疫法检测血清iNOS、TBARS水平,收集精神分裂症患者基本资料和阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、重复性成套神经心理状态测验(RBANS)评分;采用Pearson法分析血清iNOS与TBARS水平相关性,Spearman法分析血清iNOS、TBARS水平与PANSS、RBANS评分相关性;Logistic回归分析影响精神分裂症患者出现抑郁症的因素;ROC曲线评估血清iNOS、TBARS水平对精神分裂症患者出现抑郁症的预测价值。结果三组血清iNOS、TBARS水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。进一步两两比较结果显示,伴抑郁症组和未伴抑郁症组血清iNOS、TBARS水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),伴抑郁症组血清iNOS、TBARS水平均高于未伴抑郁症组(P<0.05)。伴抑郁症组和未伴抑郁症组婚姻状况、社会经济地位和社会孤立方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);伴抑郁症组PANSS评分高于未伴抑郁症组,RBANS评分低于未伴抑郁症组(P<0.001)。相关分析结果显示,精神分裂症患者血清iNOS与TBARS水平呈正相关(P<0.05),血清iNOS、TBARS水平与PANSS评分均呈正相关,与RBANS评分均呈负相关(P<0.001)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,iNOS、TBARS、社会孤立是精神分裂症患者伴抑郁症的影响因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果表明,血清iNOS、TBARS水平联合评估精神分裂症患者出现抑郁症的AUC大于iNOS、TBARS单独检测(P<0.001)。结论精神分裂症患者血清iNOS、TBARS水平均升高,与患者出现抑郁症关系密切,二者联合对预测精神分裂症患者出现抑郁症具有重要价值。

漂移管工作温度对离子迁移率谱的影响

离子迁移率、反应物离子的种类和产量与漂移管工作温度有很大的关系。本研究在不同温度下进行了离子迁移率实验,结果表明,离子迁移率随温度的升高而增大,而提高工作温度可以减少水分子对产物离子的影响,有利于改善系统检测的分辨率;选择合适漂移管工作温度,能有效地增加反应物离子的产量,从而提高系统检测的灵敏度和选择性。

反应物浓度对NaYF_4∶Yb^(3+),Tm^(3+)晶相的影响

利用水热法,制备了具有不同形貌的NaYF4∶20%Yb3+,1%Tm3+上转换发光粒子。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射分析、发光光谱测量等手段对样品进行了形貌、晶相和发光性质的表征。结果表明,通过调控反应物的浓度,可以实现NaYF4基质从立方相到六角相的晶相转变。在980 nm红外光的激发下,六角相的NaYF4∶20%Yb3+,1%Tm3+上转换发光粒子发出蓝紫色可见光。通过分析反应物浓度对产物晶相的影响,为制备晶相可控的上转换发光材料提供了新的实验依据。

长期施肥土壤中酶活性的剖面分布及其动力学特征研究

对连续25年的长期培肥试验地中土壤剖面酶活性的分布及土壤酶的催化反应特性进行了研究,结果发现,土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性在土壤剖面中的分布从表层到深层,酶活性依次减小;而多酚氧化酶呈“波浪”型分布。土壤中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性与相应土层的有机质含量呈极显著正相关;多酚氧化酶无此相关性。土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均随时间的延长而逐渐趋于一个稳定值,且各个时段酶活性均为施肥处理高于不施肥处理,说明施肥能显著提高土壤酶活性。土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶酶促反应初速度(V0)均随温度和底物浓度的增加而增加,至一定温度和底物浓度时,V0不再增加;不同培肥措施下V0为:厩肥>秸秆>化肥>对照。

基于量纲分析的爆炸冲击波效应靶模型分析与实验研究

针对传统的冲击波压力电测法易受爆炸场寄生效应干扰问题,提出基于效应靶塑性变形的爆炸冲击波压力评定方法。由于效应靶理论模型复杂、参数较多,利用量纲分析方法简化模型获得爆炸冲击波压力作用的效应靶最大挠度与炸药TNT当量、炸高及炸距之关系,并建立冲击波压力作用的效应靶最大挠度计算模型;设计100 kg、60 kg、20 kg三种标准TNT爆炸的立靶、平靶实验,用回归分析法获得二者经验模型系数。结果表明,立靶与平靶两种结构效应靶最大挠度实验结果与经验模型计算结果误差分别优于3.59%及3.33%。该研究可指导战斗部冲击波压力评估,进而减少爆炸实验量。

丹红注射液对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后心肌炎症反应及冠状动脉血流的影响

目的 探讨丹红注射液对择期经皮冠状动脉（冠脉）介入治疗（PCI）术后患者心肌酶、炎症反应物及冠脉血流的影响.方法 将106例冠心病患者随机分为常规治疗组（51例）和丹红治疗组（55例）,50例健康体检者为对照组.两组患者均于PCI前给予常规治疗,丹红治疗组加用丹红注射液40 ml静脉滴注,每日1次,疗程为10 d.各组分别于治疗前及PCI后测定血中超敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、纤维蛋白原（Fib）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂1（PAI-1）活性、D-二聚体（DD）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平.结果 与健康对照组比较,两个冠心病组患者hs-CRP、IL-6、PAI-1明显增高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.与本组治疗前比较,丹红治疗组PCI术后IL-6、Fib、PAI-1、DD均降低,CK-MB升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;而常规治疗组hs-CRP、IL-6、PAI-1、DD、CK-MB均明显升高（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.与常规治疗组治疗后比较,丹红治疗组hs-CRP、IL-6、PAI-1、DD、CK-MB水平均明显降低,心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）冠脉血流分级〈3级的比例明显减少（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）.结论 丹红注射液有抑制PCI后炎症反应、改善内皮功能、提高纤溶活性、稳定斑块的作用,并可作为PCI围手术期心肌保护的治疗措施.