A Comparative Study between Landmark Based and Real Time Ultrasound Guided Sub Arachnoid Block

Background: Sub arachnoid block (SAB) performed by traditional landmark palpation technique can be inaccurate. This problem is exacerbated by altered patient anatomy due to obesity and age-related changes. A pre-procedural ultrasound scan of the lumbar spine has been shown to be of benefit in guiding lumbar epidural insertion in obstetric patients. Information on the use of real-time ultrasound (RUS) guided SAB, to date, been limited. This study compared RUS guided SAB to traditional landmark guided technique in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia for different surgical procedures. Methods: This was a prospective, single center, comparative observational study conducted in the department of anesthesiology at our center. 560 patients who underwent spinal anesthesia either by landmark based technique or real-time ultrasound-guided methods. The primary outcome was the first attempt success rate of dural puncture when employing the two methods. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in the two study groups. The first attempt success rate of dural puncture in landmark guided group was 64.3% compared to 72.6% in the ultrasound guided group. This difference was not statistically significant. The procedure performance time was significantly shorter with landmark palpation compared to use of real-time ultrasound guided method. Conclusion: Use of RUS-guided technique does not significantly improve the first attempt success rate of SAB dural puncture during spinal anesthesia compared to the traditional landmark-guided technique.

Sentiment Drift Detection and Analysis in Real Time Twitter Data Streams

Handling sentiment drifts in real time twitter data streams are a challen-ging task while performing sentiment classifications,because of the changes that occur in the sentiments of twitter users,with respect to time.The growing volume of tweets with sentiment drifts has led to the need for devising an adaptive approach to detect and handle this drift in real time.This work proposes an adap-tive learning algorithm-based framework,Twitter Sentiment Drift Analysis-Bidir-ectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(TSDA-BERT),which introduces a sentiment drift measure to detect drifts and a domain impact score to adaptively retrain the classification model with domain relevant data in real time.The framework also works on static data by converting them to data streams using the Kafka tool.The experiments conducted on real time and simulated tweets of sports,health care andfinancial topics show that the proposed system is able to detect sentiment drifts and maintain the performance of the classification model,with accuracies of 91%,87%and 90%,respectively.Though the results have been provided only for a few topics,as a proof of concept,this framework can be applied to detect sentiment drifts and perform sentiment classification on real time data streams of any topic.

Internet of Things Enabled Energy Aware Metaheuristic Clustering for Real Time Disaster Management

Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs)are a major element of Internet of Things(IoT)networks which offer seamless sensing and wireless connectivity.Disaster management in smart cities can be considered as a safety critical application.Therefore,it becomes essential in ensuring network accessibility by improving the lifetime of IoT assisted WSN.Clustering and multihop routing are considered beneficial solutions to accomplish energy efficiency in IoT networks.This article designs an IoT enabled energy aware metaheuristic clustering with routing protocol for real time disaster management(EAMCR-RTDM).The proposed EAMCR-RTDM technique mainly intends to manage the energy utilization of nodes with the consideration of the features of the disaster region.To achieve this,EAMCR-RTDM technique primarily designs a yellow saddle goatfish based clustering(YSGF-C)technique to elect cluster heads(CHs)and organize clusters.In addition,enhanced cockroach swarm optimization(ECSO)based multihop routing(ECSO-MHR)approach was derived for optimal route selection.The YSGF-C and ECSO-MHR techniques compute fitness functions using different input variables for achieving improved energy efficiency and network lifetime.The design of YSGF-C and ECSO-MHR techniques for disaster management in IoT networks shows the novelty of the work.For examining the improved outcomes of the EAMCR-RTDM system,a wide range of simulations were performed and the extensive results are assessed in terms of different measures.The comparative outcomes highlighted the enhanced outcomes of the EAMCRRTDM algorithm over the existing approaches.

应用Unity Real Time软件建立血细胞分析个性化质控规则的探讨

目的对血细胞分析项目进行六西格玛性能评价,选择个性化质控规则,提出改进方向,为提高检测质量奠定基础。方法根据血细胞分析项目的不精密度[变异系数(CV)]、不正确度[偏移(Bias)]和允许总误差(TEa),应用Unity Real Time质控软件(简称URT)Westgard Advisor功能,得到分析项目西格玛(σ)值、σ度量图和个性化规则等信息。对σ值未能达到6的项目,通过质量目标指数(QGI)查找导致方法性能不佳的主要原因,并根据分析批长度Westgard西格玛规则流程图,确定分析项目分析批长度。结果不同血细胞分析项目性能特征和建议质控规则并不相同,各项目从单独1个规则到多规则均选择了个性化质控规则。对σ值未达到6的分析项目,根据QGI提示,除血红蛋白项目需优先改进正确度外,其他项目均需优先改进精密度;实验室在用检测系统经综合评估后,确定分析批长度为200份,与实际系统每日检测样本量一致。结论应用URT对血细胞分析等定量分析项目进行六西格玛性能评价,可根据性能特征选择个性化质控规则,并根据QGI进行持续改进;根据分析批长度Westgard西格玛规则流程图确定合适的分析批长度,可确保检测质量。

Real Time PCR研究进展及其在海洋病原生物检测中的应用

Real Time PCR,即实时监测PCR扩增产物并进行解析的方法,目前已广泛应用于分子生物学研究的各个领域。Real Time PCR技术秉承及发展了普通PCR的快速、高灵敏度检出等优点,同时克服了普通PCR不能准确定量、容易污染等缺点,无需在反应结束后通过电泳操作确认扩增产物。目前,Real Time PCR可设计多对引物在同一反应体系中同时对多个靶基因进行扩增,实现多重实时定量检测。Real Time PCR使PCR技术发生了质的飞跃,扩展了PCR技术的应用范畴,是一种具有划时代意义的技术。本文主要介绍Real Time PCR的主要原理、解析方法、技术发展趋势及其在海洋病原生物检测方面的应用。

高致病性PRRSV Nsp2变异株Power SYBR Green real time RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据高致病性猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）Nsp2变异株Nsp2基因保守区的核苷酸序列设计合成了1对引物,建立了Power SYBR Green模式的实时荧光定量RT-PCR方法,用于检测高致病性PRRSV Nsp2变异株。以pMD-Nsp2质粒为阳性对照制作标准曲线,并对该方法的特异性、敏感性、重复性进行评价。结果显示,该方法只能检测到高致病性PRRSV Nsp2变异株的特异性扩增信号;检测线性范围广,在模板浓度为3.15×10^9-3.15×10^0copies/μL具有良好的线性关系,相关系数（r^2）为0.998;最低检测限为3.15copies/μL。对25份疑似高致病性PRRS猪病料的检测结果显示,该方法与病毒分离的符合率为100%。表明,建立的Nsp2-Power SYBR Green RT-PCR方法具有良好的特异性、敏感性和重复性。

微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫SYBR Green real time PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中登录的隐孢子虫小亚基rRNA基因序列设计1对引物,并以标准基因组DNA为模板,初步建立了检测乳牛微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫的SYBR Green real time PCR方法,并对乳牛微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫阳性样品和上海40份乳牛粪便进行了检测。结果表明,此次建立的real timePCR对微小隐孢子虫和安氏隐孢子虫均能扩增出曲线,且其他寄生虫(鸡贝氏隐孢子虫、刚地弓形虫、犬新孢子虫)和大肠杆菌均未检测到;标准基因组DNA的检测阈值达到5个拷贝,牛粪中卵囊的最低检测量为每克粪便5个卵囊,乳牛粪便阳性率为15%(6/40)。表明,建立的荧光定量PCR快速、特异、敏感,可用于乳牛隐孢子虫病的流行病学调查。

基因重组构建AFP mRNA的real time RT-PCR标准定量模板

目的 :构建AFPmRNA的realtimeRT PCR标准定量模板。方法 :提取肝瘤细胞株BEL740 2细胞总RNA ,进行RT PCR扩增并纯化AFP基因片段 ,与PMD 1 8T载体连接构建重组质粒。结果 :重组质粒的阳性克隆效率为81 .8% ,经酶切鉴定 ,目的基因片段已插入PMD 1 8T载体内。结论 :成功构建了AFPmRNA的标准定量模板 ,可应用于该基因的realtimeRT

转基因番茄植株Mi1.2表达水平的Real Time PCR检测体系的建立

[目的]为转基因番茄植株的高通量筛选奠定基础。[方法]利用CTAB法提取番茄叶片总RNA进行Real Time PCR扩增，分析转MI1、2基因的番茄植株表达水平的检测体系。[结果]提取RNA的A260／A280为1．78～1．88，RNA无明显降解。在严谨扩增条件下，引物SYBR2的扩增效率高于SYBR1。Mg^2＋的适宜浓度为2．0mg／L。Real Time PCR扩增产物具有良好的特异性，熔解曲线特异峰出现在84．5℃附近，在熔解曲线略低于83℃附近有极微弱的非特异峰。因此在定量反应中信号检测步骤应放在84℃。以4种不同模板分子数条件下扩增曲线Ct值得到的回归方程为Y=-3．78×log（copynumber）＋39．50，相关系数为0．998。[结论]该试验获得的Real Time PCR体系可用于转基因植株表达水平的检测。

应用Real Time PCR方法检测病毒灭活去除效率

目的建立检测血液制品中病毒灭活去除效率的模型。方法应用SYBR GREEN I实时荧光定量PCR验证不同方法的病毒去除效率,并用病毒感染力实验验证不同方法的病毒灭活效率。结果以PCR产物为外参的实时荧光定量PCR正确反映出实际核酸含量和检出拷贝数的线性关系,以重组质粒为外参的实时荧光定量PCR实验证明巴氏灭毒法的病毒去除效率低于金磁颗粒法。病毒感染力实验证明巴氏灭毒法灭活效率略高于金磁颗粒法。结论实时荧光定量PCR法联合病毒感染力试验可以有效评价不同方法在病毒灭活和病毒去除方面的差异。

转基因草莓植株cNHX1基因表达水平和拷贝数的Real Time PCR分析

分析了转cNHX1基因的草莓不同植株的外源基因表达水平和cNHX1基因的拷贝数。结果表明:不同转基因株系cNHX1基因表达水平存在差异,而且这种差异随盐胁迫时间的延长而更明显。在6个株系中,T6株系有最高和最稳定的cNHX1基因表达水平,而T2株系的表达水平最低。对转基因植株基因组cNHX1基因拷贝数的分析表明,T3、T6、T8和T14的含量相似,而与T2株系相差289%～310%,推测T3、T6、T8和T14株系为单拷贝植株,而T2株系为3拷贝株系。

Intrusion Detection System for PS-Poll DoS Attack in 802.11 Networks Using Real Time Discrete Event System

Wi-Fi devices have limited battery life because of which conserving battery life is imperative. The 802.11 Wi-Fi standard provides power management feature that allows stations(STAs) to enter into sleep state to preserve energy without any frame losses. After the STA wakes up, it sends a null data or PS-Poll frame to retrieve frame(s) buffered by the access point(AP), if any during its sleep period. An attacker can launch a power save denial of service(PS-DoS) attack on the sleeping STA(s) by transmitting a spoofed null data or PS-Poll frame(s) to retrieve the buffered frame(s) of the sleeping STA(s) from the AP causing frame losses for the targeted STA(s). Current approaches to prevent or detect the PS-DoS attack require encryption,change in protocol or installation of proprietary hardware. These solutions suffer from expensive setup, maintenance, scalability and deployment issues. The PS-DoS attack does not differ in semantics or statistics under normal and attack circumstances.So signature and anomaly based intrusion detection system(IDS) are unfit to detect the PS-DoS attack. In this paper we propose a timed IDS based on real time discrete event system(RTDES) for detecting PS-DoS attack. The proposed DES based IDS overcomes the drawbacks of existing systems and detects the PS-DoS attack with high accuracy and detection rate. The correctness of the RTDES based IDS is proved by experimenting all possible attack scenarios.

Real time detection of antibody-antigen interaction using a laser scanning confocal imaging-surface plasmon resonance system

A laser scanning confocal imaging-surface plasmon resonance （LSCI-SPR） instrument integrated with a wavelength-dependent surface plasmon resonance （SPR） sensor and a laser scanning confocal microscopy （LSCM） is built to detect the bonding process of human IgG and fluorescent-labeled affinity purified antibodies in real time. The shifts of resonant wavelength at different reaction time stages are obtained by SPR, corresponding well with the changes of the fluorescence intensity collected by using LSCM. The instrument shows the merits of the combination and complementation of the SPR and LSCM, with such advantages as quantificational analysis, high spatial resolution and real time monitor, which are of great importance for practical applications in biosensor and life science.

Data Transfer Over the Internet for Real Time Applications

Efficient real time data exchange over the Internet plays a crucial role in the successful application of web-based systems. In this paper, a data transfer mechanism over the Internet is proposed for real time web based applications. The mechanism incorporates the eXtensible Markup Language （XML） and Hierarchical Data Format （HDF） to provide a flexible and efficient data format. Heterogeneous transfer data is classified into light and heavy data, which are stored using XML and HDF respectively; the HDF data format is then mapped to Java Document Object Model （JDOM） objects in XML in the Java environment. These JDOM data objects are sent across computer networks with the support of the Java Remote Method Invocation （RMI） data transfer infrastructure. Client＇s defined data priority levels are implemented in RMI, which guides a server to transfer data objects at different priorities. A remote monitoring system for an industrial reactor process simulator is used as a case study to illustrate the proposed data transfer mechanism.

Real Time PCR监测慢性粒细胞白血病bcr/abl融合基因的临床意义

目的通过Real Time PCR实时监测慢性粒细胞白血病bcr/abl融合基因的表达,探讨其在诊断及预后评价价值。方法采用荧光定量Real Time PCR反应技术检测39例慢性粒细胞白血病及其它血液系统疾病20例的bcr/abl融合基因表达水平。结果骨髓原始、外周血原始与bcr/abl融合基因拷贝数有显著相关性,初诊慢性粒细胞的bcr/abl融合基因表达水平普遍明显增高,经羟基脲±干扰素治疗后表达明显下降,复发或加速期患者可提前2-4个月左右早期发现,格列卫或移植治疗后,多数bcr/abl融合基因可转阴性。结论 bcr/abl融合基因检测对诊断慢性粒细胞白血病有重要价值,同样是慢性粒细胞白血病治疗和预后观察的决定性指标。

Real time PCR检测L1-CAM在大肠癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨L1细胞黏附分子(L1-CAM)在大肠癌中的表达情况及其与临床病理的相关性。方法应用实时荧光定量PCR检测浙江省人民医院58例大肠癌组织及其癌旁正常组织中L1-CAM的表达,分析L1-CAM在大肠癌中的表达及其与临床病理学特征和预后的关系。结果癌组织和癌旁正常组织L1-CAM m RNA表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。癌组织L1-CAM m RNA表达与肿瘤分化程度、静脉侵犯、淋巴管侵犯、淋巴结转移、Dukes分期密切相关(均P<0.05),而与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤类型无明显相关(均P>0.05)。结论 L1-CAM在大肠癌组织中高表达,并且与大肠癌的浸润、转移有关。

Real Time Study and Related Variables

This paper first, illustrates the advantages of applying real time study to linguistic researches. Second, this paper also compares linguistic variables with linguistic variant; nasality, stronger constraint and weaker constraint have been clearly defined as well.

On-Line Real Time Realization and Application of Adaptive Fuzzy Inference Neural Network

In this paper, a modeling algorithm developed by transferring the adaptive fuzzy inference neural network into an on-line real time algorithm, combining the algorithm with conventional system identification method and applying them to separate identification of nonlinear multi-variable systems is introduced and discussed.

Real time PCR与常规血培养在血流感染未知病原体鉴定中的比较研究

目的观察real time PCR在血流感染病原体检测中的敏感性和特异性,并与常规血培养对比,探讨其临床应用价值。方法以该院各临床科室收集的108份脓毒血症患者血液标本进行real time PCR检测,同时进行常规血培养,比较两种方法的特异性和敏感性。结果 108份标本当中,两种方法检测出12种病原微生物。Real time PCR共检测出阳性标本25份,阴性标本83份。其中与血培养共同阳性标本9份,共同阴性标本78份。两方法的一致性为80.6%。Real time PCR的阴性预测值是0.94,敏感性64%,特异性83%。16例标本real time PCR阳性而血培养阴性,5例标本血培养阳性而real time PCR阴性。同时,有2病标超出real time PCR的检测范围,而血培养阳性。此外,real time PCR无法检测光滑念珠菌。结论 real time PCR虽然能快速检测血液感染中病原微生物,但依然不能完全替代血培养。

An Energy-Efficient Mobile-Controlled Vertical Handover Management for Real Time Services

Multiple wireless access technology has been embedded into a single mobile device as a fundamental feature, aiming to give end users ubiquitous access at any time. To allow the users to enjoy the ubiquitous connectivity, the mobile device has to consume higher energy for the simultaneous activation of multiple wireless interface and the continuous connectivity. In addition, a seamless vertical handover between the access technologies is a mandatory requirement to insure the quality, reliability and continuity of real time services. In this paper, the continuity of real time services as well as energy saving for mobile devices has been taken into account. The conceptual idea is that whenever traffic rate is lower than a threshold it will be smoothly handed over to a low energy consumption technology, i.e., Bluetooth. When the traffic exceeds the limitation of Bluetooth bandwidth, it will be handed over to a wider bandwidth technology, i.e., Wi-Fi. In the considered scenarios, the technologies are not interconnected;hence, the vertical handover management must be fully controlled by the mobile devices. The performance of the system including energy saving and maintaining the continuity of real time services has been evaluated by direct measurements in a real testbed.