AIM:To investigate the luminal esophageal temperature(LET) at the time of delivery of energy for pulmonary vein isolation(PVI).METHODS:This study included a total of 110 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent...AIM:To investigate the luminal esophageal temperature(LET) at the time of delivery of energy for pulmonary vein isolation(PVI).METHODS:This study included a total of 110 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent their first PVI procedure in our laboratory between March 2010 and February 2011.The LET was monitored in all patients.We measured the number of times that LET reached the cut-off temperature,the time when LET reached the cut-off temperature,the maximum temperature(T max) of the LET,and the time to return to the original preenergy delivery temperature once the delivery of energy was stopped.RESULTS:Seventy-eight patients reached the cut-off temperature.It took 6 s at the shortest time for the LET to reach the cut-off temperature,and 216.5 ± 102.9 s for the temperature to return to the level before the de-livery of energy.Some patients experienced a transient drop in the LET(TDLET) just before energy delivery.Ablation at these sites always produced a rise to the LET cut-off temperature.TDLET was not observed at sites where the LET did not rise.Thus,the TDLET before the energy delivery was useful to distinguish a high risk of esophageal injury before delivery of energy.CONCLUSION:Sites with a TDLET before energy delivery should be ablated with great caution or,perhaps,not at all.展开更多
This paper looks at how in-process temperature monitoring systems are being increasingly used in heat treatment applications such as surface hardening, annealing, normalizing, tempering etc. We look at the basic equip...This paper looks at how in-process temperature monitoring systems are being increasingly used in heat treatment applications such as surface hardening, annealing, normalizing, tempering etc. We look at the basic equipment required to successfully monitor from within a furnace and how developments such as RF transmission have enhanced the effectiveness of profiling trials to the point where on line adjustments to furnace conditions can be seen and analyzed in real time. We examine how continuous processes can benefit from this type of monitoring and also how routine operations such as furnace surveying in batch furnaces can benefit greatly from in-process monitoring. Advances in software are also considered, showing how packages are now designed to speed up the processing of data in day to day heat treatment operations.展开更多
文摘AIM:To investigate the luminal esophageal temperature(LET) at the time of delivery of energy for pulmonary vein isolation(PVI).METHODS:This study included a total of 110 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent their first PVI procedure in our laboratory between March 2010 and February 2011.The LET was monitored in all patients.We measured the number of times that LET reached the cut-off temperature,the time when LET reached the cut-off temperature,the maximum temperature(T max) of the LET,and the time to return to the original preenergy delivery temperature once the delivery of energy was stopped.RESULTS:Seventy-eight patients reached the cut-off temperature.It took 6 s at the shortest time for the LET to reach the cut-off temperature,and 216.5 ± 102.9 s for the temperature to return to the level before the de-livery of energy.Some patients experienced a transient drop in the LET(TDLET) just before energy delivery.Ablation at these sites always produced a rise to the LET cut-off temperature.TDLET was not observed at sites where the LET did not rise.Thus,the TDLET before the energy delivery was useful to distinguish a high risk of esophageal injury before delivery of energy.CONCLUSION:Sites with a TDLET before energy delivery should be ablated with great caution or,perhaps,not at all.
文摘This paper looks at how in-process temperature monitoring systems are being increasingly used in heat treatment applications such as surface hardening, annealing, normalizing, tempering etc. We look at the basic equipment required to successfully monitor from within a furnace and how developments such as RF transmission have enhanced the effectiveness of profiling trials to the point where on line adjustments to furnace conditions can be seen and analyzed in real time. We examine how continuous processes can benefit from this type of monitoring and also how routine operations such as furnace surveying in batch furnaces can benefit greatly from in-process monitoring. Advances in software are also considered, showing how packages are now designed to speed up the processing of data in day to day heat treatment operations.
