A real-time operating system （RTOS）, also named OS, is designed based on the hardware platform of MC68376, and is implemented in the electronic control system for unit pump in diesel engine. A parallel and time-base...A real-time operating system （RTOS）, also named OS, is designed based on the hardware platform of MC68376, and is implemented in the electronic control system for unit pump in diesel engine. A parallel and time-based task division method is introduced and the multi-task software architecture is built in the software system for electronic unit pump （EUP） system. The V-model software development process is used to control algorithm of each task. The simulation results of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system （HILSS） and the engine experimental results show that the OS is an efficient real-time kernel, and can meet the real-time demands of EUP system; The built multi-task software system is real-time, determinate and reliable. V-model development is a good development process of control algorithms for EUP system, the control precision of control system can be ensured, and the development cycle and cost are also decreased.展开更多
BACKGROUND Insulin pump therapy is a real breakthrough in managing diabetes Mellitus,particularly in children. It can deliver a tiny amount of insulin and decreases the need for frequent needle injections. It also hel...BACKGROUND Insulin pump therapy is a real breakthrough in managing diabetes Mellitus,particularly in children. It can deliver a tiny amount of insulin and decreases the need for frequent needle injections. It also helps to maintain adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different tissues.Children are suitable candidates for pump therapy as they need a more freestyle and proper metabolic control to ensure adequate growth and development.Therefore, children and their caregivers should have proper education and training and understand the proper use of insulin pumps to achieve successful pump therapy. The pump therapy continuously improves to enhance its performance and increase its simulation of the human pancreas. Nonetheless, there is yet a long way to reach the desired goal.AIM To review discusses the history of pump development, its indications, types, proper use, special conditions that may enface the children and their families while using the pump, its general care,and its advantages and disadvantages.METHODS We conducted comprehensive literature searches of electronic databases until June 30, 2022,related to pump therapy in children and published in the English language.RESULTS We included 118 articles concerned with insulin pumps, 61 were reviews, systemic reviews, and meta-analyses, 47 were primary research studies with strong design, and ten were guidelines.CONCLUSION The insulin pump provides fewer needles and can provide very tiny insulin doses, a convenient and more flexible way to modify the needed insulin physiologically, like the human pancreas, and can offer adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different tissues.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin pump infusion on glucolipid metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Met...Objective:To study the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin pump infusion on glucolipid metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:Patients with GDM who received insulin therapy between March 2013 and May 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into multiple subcutaneous insulin injection (MSII) group and continuous subcutaneous insulin pump infusion (CSII) group. Before and after treatment, serum glucolipid metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress inexes in placenta were determined respectively.Results:2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment, FBG, 1hPBG, 2hPBG, Chemerin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment and FBG, 1hPBG, 2hPBG, Chemerin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels of CSII group were significantly lower than those of MSII group;after delivery, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and AGEs levels in placenta of CSII group were significantly lower than those of MSII group.Conclusion:Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion can more effectively improve the glucolipid metabolism and inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of patients with GDM than multiple subcutaneous insulin injection.展开更多
Objective:To study the effect of insulin pump and continuous intravenous insulin on ketone body metabolism, blood gas indexes and stress state in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods:Patients with diabetic ket...Objective:To study the effect of insulin pump and continuous intravenous insulin on ketone body metabolism, blood gas indexes and stress state in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods:Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis who were treated in Meizhou Maternal and Child Heath Hospital between May 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the group A who received subcutaneous insulin infusion by insulin pump and the group B who received intravenous small-dose insulin injection by micropump. The indexes of ketone body, blood gas and stress were measured before and after treatment. Results: 12 h and 24 h after treatment, serumβ-hydroxybutyrate, MDA, NE, ACTH and Cor contents of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment while pH, HCO3- and base excess levels as well as serum SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and TAC contents were significantly higher than those before treatment, and serumβ-hydroxybutyrate, MDA, NE, ACTH and Cor contents of group A were significantly lower than those of group B while pH, HCO3- and base excess levels as well as serum SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and TAC contents were significantly higher than those of group B.Conclusion:Subcutaneous insulin infusion by insulin pump can improve ketone body metabolism, acidosis status and stress state in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.展开更多
目的:检索、评价及总结关于院外进行胰岛素泵治疗病人自我管理的相关证据。方法:系统检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、世界卫生组织指南网、美国糖尿病协会、医脉通、内分泌学会、the Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、EMb...目的:检索、评价及总结关于院外进行胰岛素泵治疗病人自我管理的相关证据。方法:系统检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、世界卫生组织指南网、美国糖尿病协会、医脉通、内分泌学会、the Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、CINAHL、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库等国内外指南网站及数据库中关于院外胰岛素泵治疗病人自我管理的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2023年10月31日。由2名研究者对纳入文献进行质量评价及证据提取。结果:共纳入10篇文献,其中指南5篇、系统评价3篇、随机对照研究1篇、专家共识1篇。围绕评估、血糖监测、规范化注射、饮食与运动、健康教育5个方面,汇总26条最佳证据。结论:总结的院外胰岛素泵治疗病人自我管理的最佳证据可为临床工作人员优化院外胰岛素泵病人的自我管理提供循证依据。展开更多
目的研究乌司他丁联合胰岛素泵对糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)患者pH值纠正时间及血清硫胺素浓度的影响。方法前瞻性选取2020年1月至2022年12月北京市大兴区人民医院收治的DKA患者86例,依据随机数字表法分为联合组(n=43)、对照组(n=43)。对照...目的研究乌司他丁联合胰岛素泵对糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)患者pH值纠正时间及血清硫胺素浓度的影响。方法前瞻性选取2020年1月至2022年12月北京市大兴区人民医院收治的DKA患者86例,依据随机数字表法分为联合组(n=43)、对照组(n=43)。对照组行常规治疗+胰岛素泵治疗,联合组行常规治疗+胰岛素泵+乌司他丁治疗。观察两组治疗前及治疗2周后血糖指标[糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、血清硫胺素、乳酸及二氧化碳结合力(CO_(2)CP)水平。比较两组的胰岛素用量、血糖稳定时间、血pH值纠正时间、血酮体转阴时间、尿酮体转阴时间等临床指标,比较临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗2周后,联合组HbA1c、FPG、2 h PG分别为(6.48±0.67)%、(8.20±0.84)mmol/L、(8.43±0.86)mmol/L,均低于对照组[(7.38±0.76)%、(10.65±1.25)mmol/L、(11.39±1.32)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,联合组血清硫胺素浓度为(16.95±1.86)nmol/L,高于对照组[(13.68±1.52)nmol/L],血清乳酸及CO_(2)CP浓度分别为(3.09±0.32)、(3.42±0.36)mmol/L,均低于对照组[(4.87±0.5)、(4.39±0.45)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组胰岛素用量、血糖稳定时间、血pH值纠正时间、血酮体转阴时间、尿酮体转阴时间分别为(0.83±0.09)kg·h、(4.63±0.48)h、(35.08±3.76)h、(25.28±2.79)h、(8.48±0.87)h,均小(短)于对照组[(0.92±0.11)kg·h、(5.76±0.59)h、(42.75±4.63)h、(33.07±3.64)h、(12.96±1.51)h],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组治疗的总有效率为90.70%,高于对照组(69.77%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较(4.65%vs.9.30%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论乌司他丁联合胰岛素泵可有效控制DKA患者血糖,缩短其pH值纠正时间,提高患者血清硫胺素浓度,疗效显著,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。展开更多
目的观察胰岛素泵对老年2型糖尿病患者临床疗效的影响。方法65例老年2型糖尿病患者作为观察样本,利用随机数字表法进行分组,其中接受胰岛素皮下注射治疗的患者组成常规组(32例),接受胰岛素泵注射治疗患者组成研究组(33例)。比较两组患...目的观察胰岛素泵对老年2型糖尿病患者临床疗效的影响。方法65例老年2型糖尿病患者作为观察样本,利用随机数字表法进行分组,其中接受胰岛素皮下注射治疗的患者组成常规组(32例),接受胰岛素泵注射治疗患者组成研究组(33例)。比较两组患者临床治疗效果及血糖指标[糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)以及餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、血脂指标[低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及甘油三酯(TG)]水平。结果研究组患者治疗总有效率96.97%高于常规组的81.25%(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者FPG(5.15±1.11)mmol/L、2 h PG(9.65±1.22)mmol/L、HbA1c(6.07±1.15)%低于常规组的(6.52±1.12)mmol/L、(11.43±1.26)mmol/L、(7.43±1.14)%(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者TG(1.06±0.12)mmol/L、TC(2.04±0.22)mmol/L、LDL-C(1.02±0.15)mmol/L低于常规组的(1.86±0.14)、(3.75±0.13)、(2.58±0.11)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.64±0.25)mmol/L高于常规组的(1.24±0.24)mmol/L(P<0.05)。结论对于老年2型糖尿病患者来说,应采用胰岛素泵注射治疗干预,这种治疗方式可以改善患者的血脂水平以及血糖水平,提升患者的临床治疗效果,应用效果显著。展开更多
目的分析初诊2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus Type 2,T2DM)患者采用达格列净联合胰岛素泵治疗取得的效果。方法选取2022年7月—2023年6月山东国欣颐养集团枣庄医院治疗的96例T2DM初诊患者为研究对象,以随机数表法分为两组,每组48例。对照...目的分析初诊2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus Type 2,T2DM)患者采用达格列净联合胰岛素泵治疗取得的效果。方法选取2022年7月—2023年6月山东国欣颐养集团枣庄医院治疗的96例T2DM初诊患者为研究对象,以随机数表法分为两组,每组48例。对照组接受胰岛素泵治疗,观察组在其基础上联用达格列净治疗。比较两组首次血糖达标时每日胰岛素用量、每日胰岛素用量(停泵前)、血糖达标时间、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛β细胞功能指数,以及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组血糖首次达标时每日胰岛素用量(43.60±8.44)U、停泵前每日胰岛素用量(25.50±7.50)U均低于对照组的(52.65±7.58)U、(32.40±7.85)U,血糖达标时间(4.79±1.78)d短于对照组的(6.50±2.05)d,差异有统计学意义(t=5.527、4.403、4.364,P均<0.05)。治疗后,观察组胰岛素抵抗指数低于对照组,胰岛β细胞功能指数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论初诊T2DM患者在胰岛泵的基础上联用达格列净不仅能够促进血糖快速达标,减少胰岛素用量,且改善胰岛功能。展开更多
文摘A real-time operating system （RTOS）, also named OS, is designed based on the hardware platform of MC68376, and is implemented in the electronic control system for unit pump in diesel engine. A parallel and time-based task division method is introduced and the multi-task software architecture is built in the software system for electronic unit pump （EUP） system. The V-model software development process is used to control algorithm of each task. The simulation results of the hardware-in-the-loop simulation system （HILSS） and the engine experimental results show that the OS is an efficient real-time kernel, and can meet the real-time demands of EUP system; The built multi-task software system is real-time, determinate and reliable. V-model development is a good development process of control algorithms for EUP system, the control precision of control system can be ensured, and the development cycle and cost are also decreased.
文摘BACKGROUND Insulin pump therapy is a real breakthrough in managing diabetes Mellitus,particularly in children. It can deliver a tiny amount of insulin and decreases the need for frequent needle injections. It also helps to maintain adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different tissues.Children are suitable candidates for pump therapy as they need a more freestyle and proper metabolic control to ensure adequate growth and development.Therefore, children and their caregivers should have proper education and training and understand the proper use of insulin pumps to achieve successful pump therapy. The pump therapy continuously improves to enhance its performance and increase its simulation of the human pancreas. Nonetheless, there is yet a long way to reach the desired goal.AIM To review discusses the history of pump development, its indications, types, proper use, special conditions that may enface the children and their families while using the pump, its general care,and its advantages and disadvantages.METHODS We conducted comprehensive literature searches of electronic databases until June 30, 2022,related to pump therapy in children and published in the English language.RESULTS We included 118 articles concerned with insulin pumps, 61 were reviews, systemic reviews, and meta-analyses, 47 were primary research studies with strong design, and ten were guidelines.CONCLUSION The insulin pump provides fewer needles and can provide very tiny insulin doses, a convenient and more flexible way to modify the needed insulin physiologically, like the human pancreas, and can offer adequate and optimal glycemic control to reduce the risk of metabolic derangements in different tissues.
文摘Objective:To study the effect of continuous subcutaneous insulin pump infusion on glucolipid metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:Patients with GDM who received insulin therapy between March 2013 and May 2016 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into multiple subcutaneous insulin injection (MSII) group and continuous subcutaneous insulin pump infusion (CSII) group. Before and after treatment, serum glucolipid metabolism as well as inflammation and oxidative stress inexes in placenta were determined respectively.Results:2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment, FBG, 1hPBG, 2hPBG, Chemerin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment and FBG, 1hPBG, 2hPBG, Chemerin, Vaspin and Visfatin levels of CSII group were significantly lower than those of MSII group;after delivery, TNF-α, IL-6, ROS and AGEs levels in placenta of CSII group were significantly lower than those of MSII group.Conclusion:Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion can more effectively improve the glucolipid metabolism and inhibit the inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of patients with GDM than multiple subcutaneous insulin injection.
文摘Objective:To study the effect of insulin pump and continuous intravenous insulin on ketone body metabolism, blood gas indexes and stress state in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Methods:Patients with diabetic ketoacidosis who were treated in Meizhou Maternal and Child Heath Hospital between May 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into the group A who received subcutaneous insulin infusion by insulin pump and the group B who received intravenous small-dose insulin injection by micropump. The indexes of ketone body, blood gas and stress were measured before and after treatment. Results: 12 h and 24 h after treatment, serumβ-hydroxybutyrate, MDA, NE, ACTH and Cor contents of both groups of patients were significantly lower than those before treatment while pH, HCO3- and base excess levels as well as serum SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and TAC contents were significantly higher than those before treatment, and serumβ-hydroxybutyrate, MDA, NE, ACTH and Cor contents of group A were significantly lower than those of group B while pH, HCO3- and base excess levels as well as serum SOD, GSH-Px, CAT and TAC contents were significantly higher than those of group B.Conclusion:Subcutaneous insulin infusion by insulin pump can improve ketone body metabolism, acidosis status and stress state in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.
文摘目的:检索、评价及总结关于院外进行胰岛素泵治疗病人自我管理的相关证据。方法:系统检索BMJ Best Practice、UpToDate、世界卫生组织指南网、美国糖尿病协会、医脉通、内分泌学会、the Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science、EMbase、CINAHL、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库等国内外指南网站及数据库中关于院外胰岛素泵治疗病人自我管理的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2023年10月31日。由2名研究者对纳入文献进行质量评价及证据提取。结果:共纳入10篇文献,其中指南5篇、系统评价3篇、随机对照研究1篇、专家共识1篇。围绕评估、血糖监测、规范化注射、饮食与运动、健康教育5个方面,汇总26条最佳证据。结论:总结的院外胰岛素泵治疗病人自我管理的最佳证据可为临床工作人员优化院外胰岛素泵病人的自我管理提供循证依据。
文摘目的研究乌司他丁联合胰岛素泵对糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)患者pH值纠正时间及血清硫胺素浓度的影响。方法前瞻性选取2020年1月至2022年12月北京市大兴区人民医院收治的DKA患者86例,依据随机数字表法分为联合组(n=43)、对照组(n=43)。对照组行常规治疗+胰岛素泵治疗,联合组行常规治疗+胰岛素泵+乌司他丁治疗。观察两组治疗前及治疗2周后血糖指标[糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、血清硫胺素、乳酸及二氧化碳结合力(CO_(2)CP)水平。比较两组的胰岛素用量、血糖稳定时间、血pH值纠正时间、血酮体转阴时间、尿酮体转阴时间等临床指标,比较临床疗效及不良反应发生情况。结果治疗2周后,联合组HbA1c、FPG、2 h PG分别为(6.48±0.67)%、(8.20±0.84)mmol/L、(8.43±0.86)mmol/L,均低于对照组[(7.38±0.76)%、(10.65±1.25)mmol/L、(11.39±1.32)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周后,联合组血清硫胺素浓度为(16.95±1.86)nmol/L,高于对照组[(13.68±1.52)nmol/L],血清乳酸及CO_(2)CP浓度分别为(3.09±0.32)、(3.42±0.36)mmol/L,均低于对照组[(4.87±0.5)、(4.39±0.45)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组胰岛素用量、血糖稳定时间、血pH值纠正时间、血酮体转阴时间、尿酮体转阴时间分别为(0.83±0.09)kg·h、(4.63±0.48)h、(35.08±3.76)h、(25.28±2.79)h、(8.48±0.87)h,均小(短)于对照组[(0.92±0.11)kg·h、(5.76±0.59)h、(42.75±4.63)h、(33.07±3.64)h、(12.96±1.51)h],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组治疗的总有效率为90.70%,高于对照组(69.77%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较(4.65%vs.9.30%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论乌司他丁联合胰岛素泵可有效控制DKA患者血糖,缩短其pH值纠正时间,提高患者血清硫胺素浓度,疗效显著,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。
文摘目的观察胰岛素泵对老年2型糖尿病患者临床疗效的影响。方法65例老年2型糖尿病患者作为观察样本,利用随机数字表法进行分组,其中接受胰岛素皮下注射治疗的患者组成常规组(32例),接受胰岛素泵注射治疗患者组成研究组(33例)。比较两组患者临床治疗效果及血糖指标[糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FPG)以及餐后2 h血糖(2 h PG)]、血脂指标[低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及甘油三酯(TG)]水平。结果研究组患者治疗总有效率96.97%高于常规组的81.25%(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者FPG(5.15±1.11)mmol/L、2 h PG(9.65±1.22)mmol/L、HbA1c(6.07±1.15)%低于常规组的(6.52±1.12)mmol/L、(11.43±1.26)mmol/L、(7.43±1.14)%(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者TG(1.06±0.12)mmol/L、TC(2.04±0.22)mmol/L、LDL-C(1.02±0.15)mmol/L低于常规组的(1.86±0.14)、(3.75±0.13)、(2.58±0.11)mmol/L,HDL-C(1.64±0.25)mmol/L高于常规组的(1.24±0.24)mmol/L(P<0.05)。结论对于老年2型糖尿病患者来说,应采用胰岛素泵注射治疗干预,这种治疗方式可以改善患者的血脂水平以及血糖水平,提升患者的临床治疗效果,应用效果显著。
文摘目的分析初诊2型糖尿病(Diabetes Mellitus Type 2,T2DM)患者采用达格列净联合胰岛素泵治疗取得的效果。方法选取2022年7月—2023年6月山东国欣颐养集团枣庄医院治疗的96例T2DM初诊患者为研究对象,以随机数表法分为两组,每组48例。对照组接受胰岛素泵治疗,观察组在其基础上联用达格列净治疗。比较两组首次血糖达标时每日胰岛素用量、每日胰岛素用量(停泵前)、血糖达标时间、胰岛素抵抗指数、胰岛β细胞功能指数,以及不良反应发生情况。结果观察组血糖首次达标时每日胰岛素用量(43.60±8.44)U、停泵前每日胰岛素用量(25.50±7.50)U均低于对照组的(52.65±7.58)U、(32.40±7.85)U,血糖达标时间(4.79±1.78)d短于对照组的(6.50±2.05)d,差异有统计学意义(t=5.527、4.403、4.364,P均<0.05)。治疗后,观察组胰岛素抵抗指数低于对照组,胰岛β细胞功能指数高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论初诊T2DM患者在胰岛泵的基础上联用达格列净不仅能够促进血糖快速达标,减少胰岛素用量,且改善胰岛功能。
