The relevant factors for physiological chlorosis of Cinnamomum camphora L. in Pingdingshan were studied combining with references and production sur- vey. The resuhs showed that the disease was the integrated results ...The relevant factors for physiological chlorosis of Cinnamomum camphora L. in Pingdingshan were studied combining with references and production sur- vey. The resuhs showed that the disease was the integrated results of soil environment, planting situation, microenvironment construction and maintenance manage- ment. Therefore, the countermeasures of ＂prevention first, restore tree vigor; integrated control, enhance tree vigor＂ were proposed. Chlorosis of C. camphora had been basically controlled after four years, and the control effect was obvious.展开更多
Background: The prevalence of contraceptive use has increased worldwide due to the development and introduction of modern contraceptives and the establishment of organized family planning programs. In Nigeria, there i...Background: The prevalence of contraceptive use has increased worldwide due to the development and introduction of modern contraceptives and the establishment of organized family planning programs. In Nigeria, there is a very slow rise in contraceptive use prevalence, resulting in high fertility rate. Generally contraceptive is either used for birth spacing, or for the purpose of terminal fertility control to limit the number of children, and the choice of method for this purpose varies. Aims and Objectives: To determine the contraceptive methods of choice among clients seeking terminal fertility control, and their reasons for the choice of such methods. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of clients attending the family planning clinic of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching hospital over a period of twenty-four months, between July, 2009 and June, 2011. All clients who had completed their family, and wanted a contraceptive method to limit their family size filled the semi-structured questionnaire after giving their informed consent. Clients’ own reasons for the choice of the particular contraceptive method were grouped, entered into SPSS work sheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Result: There were five hundred and ninety-two new contraceptive method acceptors during the study period, of which 264 (44.6%) were for terminal fertility control. Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive was the method of choice for terminal fertility control by 145 (54.9%) of the clients, while 85 (32.2%) made intrauterine contraceptive device (copper-T) their method of choice, and the least chosen method was female surgical sterilization (2, 0.8%). Ease of administration, satisfaction with previous use, long duration of action, and husband’s preference were the reasons for the choice of the methods. Conclusion: There is awareness of terminal fertility control in Nigeria, especially in the southwestern region of the country, and this may be responsible for the decreasing prevalence of grandmultiparity in the region. However, reversible contraceptive method is the preferred option for this purpose.展开更多
目的了解2022年省、市、县疾控机构(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)对《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)中规定的106项指标的检测能力,分析省、市、县各指标检测能力不足的主要原因。方法收集2022年度全国各级CDC...目的了解2022年省、市、县疾控机构(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)对《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)中规定的106项指标的检测能力,分析省、市、县各指标检测能力不足的主要原因。方法收集2022年度全国各级CDC水质检测能力数据,对省级、地市级CDC的42项常规指标、64项非常规指标和对县级CDC的42项常规指标不具备检测能力的机构占比及不能检测的原因占比进行分析。结果省级CDC检测能力不足主要体现在总α放射性、总β放射性(4个省级,占比14%)和贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫(6个省级,21%),主要原因均为设备配置不到位(100%),其次是无检测人员(50%~75%)。地市级CDC常规指标检测能力不足主要体现在总α放射性和总β放射性,占比均为47%;其次是消毒剂指标和消毒副产物指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2)、甲醛、溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐和氯酸盐),占比为6%~22%,不具备检测能力的原因包括无设备、无标准品、无试剂和无检测人员;非常规指标中,除了氨氮(1%)外的63项指标不具备检测能力的机构占比均≥19%,其中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫不具备检测能力的机构占比最高(65%),主要原因为无设备(88%),其次为无检测人员(42%~43%)、无试剂(40%)和无标准品(38%);其余61项指标不能检测的原因为无设备、无标准品、无试剂和无检测人员(占比分别为60%~76%、45%~62%、42%~53%、51%~67%)。县级CDC常规指标中,放射性指标检测能力最弱(总α放射性和总β放射性,占比均为85%),其次是消毒剂指标和消毒副产物指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2)、甲醛、溴酸盐、氯酸盐、亚氯酸盐、四氯化碳和三氯甲烷),不具备检测能力的主要原因以无设备(83%~94%)和无检测人员(53%~76%)为主。结论省、市、县CDC常规指标检测能力不足主要体现在放射性指标(省、市、县CDC),消毒剂指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2))、消毒副产物指标(甲醛、溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐)(市、县CDC),以及四氯化碳、三氯甲烷(县CDC);非常规指标中氨氮检测能力较好(省、市CDC),检测能力不足主要体现在贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫(省、市CDC),及其他指标(市CDC)。检测能力不足的主要原因是设备配置不到位,今后应该重点从增配设备着手,增强水质检测能力。展开更多
文摘The relevant factors for physiological chlorosis of Cinnamomum camphora L. in Pingdingshan were studied combining with references and production sur- vey. The resuhs showed that the disease was the integrated results of soil environment, planting situation, microenvironment construction and maintenance manage- ment. Therefore, the countermeasures of ＂prevention first, restore tree vigor; integrated control, enhance tree vigor＂ were proposed. Chlorosis of C. camphora had been basically controlled after four years, and the control effect was obvious.
文摘Background: The prevalence of contraceptive use has increased worldwide due to the development and introduction of modern contraceptives and the establishment of organized family planning programs. In Nigeria, there is a very slow rise in contraceptive use prevalence, resulting in high fertility rate. Generally contraceptive is either used for birth spacing, or for the purpose of terminal fertility control to limit the number of children, and the choice of method for this purpose varies. Aims and Objectives: To determine the contraceptive methods of choice among clients seeking terminal fertility control, and their reasons for the choice of such methods. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of clients attending the family planning clinic of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching hospital over a period of twenty-four months, between July, 2009 and June, 2011. All clients who had completed their family, and wanted a contraceptive method to limit their family size filled the semi-structured questionnaire after giving their informed consent. Clients’ own reasons for the choice of the particular contraceptive method were grouped, entered into SPSS work sheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 17. Result: There were five hundred and ninety-two new contraceptive method acceptors during the study period, of which 264 (44.6%) were for terminal fertility control. Progestogen-only injectable contraceptive was the method of choice for terminal fertility control by 145 (54.9%) of the clients, while 85 (32.2%) made intrauterine contraceptive device (copper-T) their method of choice, and the least chosen method was female surgical sterilization (2, 0.8%). Ease of administration, satisfaction with previous use, long duration of action, and husband’s preference were the reasons for the choice of the methods. Conclusion: There is awareness of terminal fertility control in Nigeria, especially in the southwestern region of the country, and this may be responsible for the decreasing prevalence of grandmultiparity in the region. However, reversible contraceptive method is the preferred option for this purpose.
文摘目的了解2022年省、市、县疾控机构(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)对《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)中规定的106项指标的检测能力,分析省、市、县各指标检测能力不足的主要原因。方法收集2022年度全国各级CDC水质检测能力数据,对省级、地市级CDC的42项常规指标、64项非常规指标和对县级CDC的42项常规指标不具备检测能力的机构占比及不能检测的原因占比进行分析。结果省级CDC检测能力不足主要体现在总α放射性、总β放射性(4个省级,占比14%)和贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫(6个省级,21%),主要原因均为设备配置不到位(100%),其次是无检测人员(50%~75%)。地市级CDC常规指标检测能力不足主要体现在总α放射性和总β放射性,占比均为47%;其次是消毒剂指标和消毒副产物指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2)、甲醛、溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐和氯酸盐),占比为6%~22%,不具备检测能力的原因包括无设备、无标准品、无试剂和无检测人员;非常规指标中,除了氨氮(1%)外的63项指标不具备检测能力的机构占比均≥19%,其中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫不具备检测能力的机构占比最高(65%),主要原因为无设备(88%),其次为无检测人员(42%~43%)、无试剂(40%)和无标准品(38%);其余61项指标不能检测的原因为无设备、无标准品、无试剂和无检测人员(占比分别为60%~76%、45%~62%、42%~53%、51%~67%)。县级CDC常规指标中,放射性指标检测能力最弱(总α放射性和总β放射性,占比均为85%),其次是消毒剂指标和消毒副产物指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2)、甲醛、溴酸盐、氯酸盐、亚氯酸盐、四氯化碳和三氯甲烷),不具备检测能力的主要原因以无设备(83%~94%)和无检测人员(53%~76%)为主。结论省、市、县CDC常规指标检测能力不足主要体现在放射性指标(省、市、县CDC),消毒剂指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2))、消毒副产物指标(甲醛、溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐)(市、县CDC),以及四氯化碳、三氯甲烷(县CDC);非常规指标中氨氮检测能力较好(省、市CDC),检测能力不足主要体现在贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫(省、市CDC),及其他指标(市CDC)。检测能力不足的主要原因是设备配置不到位,今后应该重点从增配设备着手,增强水质检测能力。
