基于反应力场(reactive force field,ReaxFF)的反应分子动力学模拟的结果分析具有挑战性。国际首个ReaxFF MD化学反应分析及可视化工具VARxMD(visulization and analysis of ReaxFF molecular dynamics)可自动生成不同时刻之间完整的化...基于反应力场(reactive force field,ReaxFF)的反应分子动力学模拟的结果分析具有挑战性。国际首个ReaxFF MD化学反应分析及可视化工具VARxMD(visulization and analysis of ReaxFF molecular dynamics)可自动生成不同时刻之间完整的化学反应列表,通过物种检索进一步对反应路径进行分类。但VARxMD目前的反应分析针对的是某一确定条件下单一的ReaxFF MD模拟轨迹,利用VARxMD分析获得一次模拟的完整反应列表需要消耗大量计算资源和时间。本文提出基于数据库来储存VARxMD反应分析结果数据,基于数据库检索进一步分析反应的思路,并采用MVVM(model-view-view model)的系统设计模式、结合渐进式框架Vue.js建立了ReaxFF MD模拟的化学反应数据系统ReaxMDDB(reaction database of ReaxFF MD simulation)。系统应用于多个RP-3模型热解和氧化模拟反应数据的结果表明:该系统不仅实现了多个ReaxFF MD模拟的详细反应的统一分析和化学反应的2D分子结构显示,而且可永久保存模拟获得的反应数据集以备后续进一步分析反应机理。ReaxMDDB具有很好的通用性,为认识不同反应模拟所揭示的共性化学反应机理提供了方便的平台。展开更多
反应分子动力学(Reaction Force Field Molecular Dynamics,ReaxFF MD)模拟通过在键级描述化学反应过程中键的断裂和形成,从微观尺度探索复杂的反应机理,弥补了实验研究的不足。该方法已广泛应用于油气地球化学领域,例如干酪根的生烃演...反应分子动力学(Reaction Force Field Molecular Dynamics,ReaxFF MD)模拟通过在键级描述化学反应过程中键的断裂和形成,从微观尺度探索复杂的反应机理,弥补了实验研究的不足。该方法已广泛应用于油气地球化学领域,例如干酪根的生烃演化、原油的裂解和相态演化等。本文系统总结和评述了原油裂解反应动力学分子模拟的现状、进展以及未来的发展趋势。首先,对原油各组分的裂解动力学特征、裂解过程、产物分布、生成途径以及热解初始反应机理方面取得的成果进行了总结,并分析了该领域目前存在的挑战及未来的发展方向。尽管分子模拟是研究原油裂解机理的有力工具,但目前仍处于初步研究阶段。现有的研究多采用原油中的某单一组分作为代表,并侧重于考查温度对原油裂解的影响,而对各组分间的相互作用、压力、介质条件和储层环境的影响研究尚不充分。未来的研究应聚焦于构建复杂真实的原油模型,还原地质条件下的原油裂解过程,并将分子模拟、实验和地质研究相结合,为系统研究油气的裂解机理提供重要参考和有用指导。当前的分子模拟研究表明,原油各组分的裂解动力学、裂解产物和裂解过程与实验结果基本一致。与此同时,分子模拟能够追踪自由基、过渡态以及中间体结构,并获取成键特征、活化能、选择性等重要信息。因此,分子模拟可以准确刻画各类烃分子的初始反应路径,并解释裂解产物的差异性。展开更多
Surface coating technology is an effective way to solve the interface insulation problem of DC GIS/GIL basin insulators, but the performance of the coating will change greatly, and the insulation strength will be comp...Surface coating technology is an effective way to solve the interface insulation problem of DC GIS/GIL basin insulators, but the performance of the coating will change greatly, and the insulation strength will be completely lost, after long-term use in the extreme conditions of corona erosion. In this research, the multi-needle-plate electrode platform was constructed to explore the long-term use performance of Si C-doped nanocomposite exposed to corona discharge in SF6gas. Samples with a high Si C content have advantages in maintaining physical and chemical properties such as elemental composition, erosion depth, surface roughness and mass loss. The nanocomposite doped with 6 wt.% Si C has prominent surface insulation strength after long term exposure to corona, and the others are close to losing, or have completely lost,their insulating properties. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism of physicochemical properties of composite exposed to corona discharge was investigated with the proposed Reax FF MD model of energetic particles from SF6decomposition bombarding the epoxy surface. The reaction process of SF particles and F particles with the cross-linked epoxy resin, and the Si C nanoparticles providing shelter to the surrounding polymer and mitigating their suffering direct bombardment, have been established. The damage propagation depth, mass loss and surface roughness change of nanocomposite material bombarded by SF6decomposition products is reproduced in this simulation. Finally, the deterioration mechanism of insulation properties for the Si C-doped composite was elucidated with DFT analysis. The band gap of the molecule containing S drops directly from the initial 7.785 e V to 1.875 e V, which causes the deterioration of surface electric properties.展开更多
Nowadays,the efficient and cleaner utilization of coal have attracted wide attention due to the rich coal and rare oil/gas resources structure in China.Coal chemical looping gasification(CCLG)is a promising coal utili...Nowadays,the efficient and cleaner utilization of coal have attracted wide attention due to the rich coal and rare oil/gas resources structure in China.Coal chemical looping gasification(CCLG)is a promising coal utilization technology to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction targets for highly pure synthesis gas.As a downstream product of synthesis gas,methyl methacrylate(MMA),is widely used as raw material for synthesizing polymethyl methacrylate and resin products with excellent properties.So this paper proposes a novel system integrating MMA production and CCLG(CCLG-MMA)processes aiming at"energy saving and low emission",in which the synthesis gas produced by CCLG and purified by dry methane reforming(DMR)reaction and Rectisol process reacts with ethylene for synthesizing MMA.Firstly,the reaction mechanism of CCLG is investigated by using Reactive force field(ReaxFF)MD simulation based on atomic models of char and oxygen carrier(Fe_(2)O_(3))for obtaining optimum reaction temperature of fuel reactor(FR).Secondly,the steady-state simulation of CCLG-MMA system is carried out to verify the feasibility of MMA production.The amount of CO_(2)emitted by CCLG process and DMR reaction is 0.0028(kg CO_(2))^(-1)·(kg MMA)^(-1).The total energy consumption of the CCLG-MMA system is 45521 kJ·(kg MMA)^(-1),among which the consumption of MMA production part is 25293 k(·kg MMA)^(-1).The results show that the CCLG-MMA system meets CO_(2)emission standard and has lower energy consumption compared to conventional MMA production process.Finally,one control scheme is designed to verify the stability of CCLG-MMA system.The CCLG-MMA integration strategy aims to obtain highly pure MMA from multi-scale simulation perspectives,so this is an optimal design regarding all factors influencing cleaner MMA production.展开更多
文摘基于反应力场(reactive force field,ReaxFF)的反应分子动力学模拟的结果分析具有挑战性。国际首个ReaxFF MD化学反应分析及可视化工具VARxMD(visulization and analysis of ReaxFF molecular dynamics)可自动生成不同时刻之间完整的化学反应列表,通过物种检索进一步对反应路径进行分类。但VARxMD目前的反应分析针对的是某一确定条件下单一的ReaxFF MD模拟轨迹,利用VARxMD分析获得一次模拟的完整反应列表需要消耗大量计算资源和时间。本文提出基于数据库来储存VARxMD反应分析结果数据,基于数据库检索进一步分析反应的思路,并采用MVVM(model-view-view model)的系统设计模式、结合渐进式框架Vue.js建立了ReaxFF MD模拟的化学反应数据系统ReaxMDDB(reaction database of ReaxFF MD simulation)。系统应用于多个RP-3模型热解和氧化模拟反应数据的结果表明:该系统不仅实现了多个ReaxFF MD模拟的详细反应的统一分析和化学反应的2D分子结构显示,而且可永久保存模拟获得的反应数据集以备后续进一步分析反应机理。ReaxMDDB具有很好的通用性,为认识不同反应模拟所揭示的共性化学反应机理提供了方便的平台。
文摘反应分子动力学(Reaction Force Field Molecular Dynamics,ReaxFF MD)模拟通过在键级描述化学反应过程中键的断裂和形成,从微观尺度探索复杂的反应机理,弥补了实验研究的不足。该方法已广泛应用于油气地球化学领域,例如干酪根的生烃演化、原油的裂解和相态演化等。本文系统总结和评述了原油裂解反应动力学分子模拟的现状、进展以及未来的发展趋势。首先,对原油各组分的裂解动力学特征、裂解过程、产物分布、生成途径以及热解初始反应机理方面取得的成果进行了总结,并分析了该领域目前存在的挑战及未来的发展方向。尽管分子模拟是研究原油裂解机理的有力工具,但目前仍处于初步研究阶段。现有的研究多采用原油中的某单一组分作为代表,并侧重于考查温度对原油裂解的影响,而对各组分间的相互作用、压力、介质条件和储层环境的影响研究尚不充分。未来的研究应聚焦于构建复杂真实的原油模型,还原地质条件下的原油裂解过程,并将分子模拟、实验和地质研究相结合,为系统研究油气的裂解机理提供重要参考和有用指导。当前的分子模拟研究表明,原油各组分的裂解动力学、裂解产物和裂解过程与实验结果基本一致。与此同时,分子模拟能够追踪自由基、过渡态以及中间体结构,并获取成键特征、活化能、选择性等重要信息。因此,分子模拟可以准确刻画各类烃分子的初始反应路径,并解释裂解产物的差异性。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51737005,51929701,52177147 and 52127812)。
文摘Surface coating technology is an effective way to solve the interface insulation problem of DC GIS/GIL basin insulators, but the performance of the coating will change greatly, and the insulation strength will be completely lost, after long-term use in the extreme conditions of corona erosion. In this research, the multi-needle-plate electrode platform was constructed to explore the long-term use performance of Si C-doped nanocomposite exposed to corona discharge in SF6gas. Samples with a high Si C content have advantages in maintaining physical and chemical properties such as elemental composition, erosion depth, surface roughness and mass loss. The nanocomposite doped with 6 wt.% Si C has prominent surface insulation strength after long term exposure to corona, and the others are close to losing, or have completely lost,their insulating properties. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism of physicochemical properties of composite exposed to corona discharge was investigated with the proposed Reax FF MD model of energetic particles from SF6decomposition bombarding the epoxy surface. The reaction process of SF particles and F particles with the cross-linked epoxy resin, and the Si C nanoparticles providing shelter to the surrounding polymer and mitigating their suffering direct bombardment, have been established. The damage propagation depth, mass loss and surface roughness change of nanocomposite material bombarded by SF6decomposition products is reproduced in this simulation. Finally, the deterioration mechanism of insulation properties for the Si C-doped composite was elucidated with DFT analysis. The band gap of the molecule containing S drops directly from the initial 7.785 e V to 1.875 e V, which causes the deterioration of surface electric properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576143)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(2020-KF-13)。
文摘Nowadays,the efficient and cleaner utilization of coal have attracted wide attention due to the rich coal and rare oil/gas resources structure in China.Coal chemical looping gasification(CCLG)is a promising coal utilization technology to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction targets for highly pure synthesis gas.As a downstream product of synthesis gas,methyl methacrylate(MMA),is widely used as raw material for synthesizing polymethyl methacrylate and resin products with excellent properties.So this paper proposes a novel system integrating MMA production and CCLG(CCLG-MMA)processes aiming at"energy saving and low emission",in which the synthesis gas produced by CCLG and purified by dry methane reforming(DMR)reaction and Rectisol process reacts with ethylene for synthesizing MMA.Firstly,the reaction mechanism of CCLG is investigated by using Reactive force field(ReaxFF)MD simulation based on atomic models of char and oxygen carrier(Fe_(2)O_(3))for obtaining optimum reaction temperature of fuel reactor(FR).Secondly,the steady-state simulation of CCLG-MMA system is carried out to verify the feasibility of MMA production.The amount of CO_(2)emitted by CCLG process and DMR reaction is 0.0028(kg CO_(2))^(-1)·(kg MMA)^(-1).The total energy consumption of the CCLG-MMA system is 45521 kJ·(kg MMA)^(-1),among which the consumption of MMA production part is 25293 k(·kg MMA)^(-1).The results show that the CCLG-MMA system meets CO_(2)emission standard and has lower energy consumption compared to conventional MMA production process.Finally,one control scheme is designed to verify the stability of CCLG-MMA system.The CCLG-MMA integration strategy aims to obtain highly pure MMA from multi-scale simulation perspectives,so this is an optimal design regarding all factors influencing cleaner MMA production.
