Basic fibroblast growth factor increases the numbe of endogenous neural stem cells and inhibits the expression of amino methyl isoxazole propionic acid receptors in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice

This study aimed to investigate the number of amino methyl isoxazole propionic acid （AMPA） receptors and production of endogenous neural stem cells in the SOD1 G93AG1H transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, at postnatal day 60 following administration of basic fibroblast growth factor （FGF-2）. A radioligand binding assay and immunohistochemistry were used to estimate the number of AMPA receptors and endogenous neural stem cells respectively. Results showed that the number of AMPA receptors and endogenous neural stem cells in the brain stem and sensorimotor cortex were significantly increased, while motor function was significantly decreased at postnatal days 90 and 120. After administration of FGF-2 into mice, numbers of endogenous neural stem cells increased, while expression of AMPA receptors decreased, whilst motor functions were recovered. At postnatal day 120, the number of AMPA receptors was negatively correlated with the number of endogenous neural stem cells in model mice and FGF-2-treated mice. Our experimental findings indicate that FGF-2 can inhibit AMPA receptors and increase the number of endogenous neural stem cells, thus repairing neural injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice.

Down-regulation of Cardiac Bradykinin B2 Receptors and eNOs mRNA in Rats with Remnant Kidneys

The changes in the expression of cardiac bradykinin B2 receptors (BKB2Rs) and endogenous nitrix oxide synthase (eNOs) mRNA were studied in rats with remnant kidneys. Thirty-two rats were divided into sham-operated and experimental groups randomly (n=16 in each group). The remnant kidney model was established by 2-stage 5/6 nephrectomy. Blood pressure and serum Cr were measured before operation and 15, 30, 60, 120 days after 5/6 nephrectomy. Eight animals in each group were killed at the first month and 4th month after the operation. The expression of BKB2Rs and eNOs mRNAs was detected by using RT-real time PCR from isolated left ventricle, and their correlation was also analyzed. The results showed that blood pressure and serum Cr were increased significantly 15 days after 5/6 nephrectomy (both P<0.01), and the hypertension and azomia existed constantly till 120 days but had no significant fluctuation. Cardiac BKB2Rs and eNOs mRNA was declined time-dependently (both P<0.05). And there was a close positive correlation between cardiac BKB2Rs and eNOs mRNA (r=0.82, P<0.01). It was suggested that a significant chronic renal failure can be produced at least 15 days after 5/6 nephrotomy and can sustain more than 4 months. The expression of BKB2Rs and eNOs was down-regulated time-dependently in this model, and there was a significant correlation between them.

Growth induction of hepatic stimulator substance in hepatocytes through its regulation on EGF receptors

The cytosolic liver-specific growth factor-hepatic stimulator substance (HSS) has been shown to be able to amplify the rat hepatocyte proliferation responded to EGF. In order to get more insight into the mechanism, the regulatory effect of HSS on EGF-receptor(EGF-R) and the receptor phosphorylation at molecular level was studied. HSS partially purified from weanling rat liver was given to cultured hepatocytes and its influence on EGF-R specific binding and internalization as well as mRNA expression were investigated. The results showed that preincubation of hepatocytes with HSS could lead to an increase in [125I]-EGF binding to its receptors and inhibit EGFinduced receptor down-regulation. Furthermore, the overexpression of EGF-R mRNA stimulated by HSS was seen during 2-12 h after the incubation. Additionally, it was demonstrated with human hepatoma sMMC-7721 cells in Western blot that the EGF-R expression and the receptor autophosphorylation were increased with dose/timedependency after HSS treatment. These results strongly suggest that the mechanism of HSS action on hepatocyte growth might be related to its modulation on EGF-R and receptor-mediated signaling transduction.

Relationship between sex hormone receptors and ultrastructural cellular differentiation in breast cancer:an observation in 40 patients

Estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) contents of 40 breastcancer patients were determined with immunofluorescent staining.Thedifferentiation of cancer cells was evaluated on the basis of histological andultrastructural changes.It was found that there was a positive correlation of ERand PR contents with the cellular differentiation of breast cancer,and the lattercould be used to estimate the status of hormone receptors.Breast cancer is a malignant disease with heteropathological characteristics.In handling a breast cancerpatient,both the status of hormone receptors and the cellular differentiationshould be considered and the treatment varied with each pa(?)ent.For those witha well-differentiated cancer and rich hormone receptors,endocrine therapy shouldmainly be administered,while for those with a poorly-differentiated cancer and afew hormone receptors,chemotherapy would be of choice.

PKCε Mediates Substance P Inhibition of GABA_A Receptors-Mediated Current in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion

The mechanism underlying the modulatory effect of substance P（SP） on GABA-activated response in rat dorsal root ganglion（DRG） neurons was investigated. In freshly dissociated rat DRG neurons, whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record GABA-activated current and sharp electrode intracellular recording technique was used to record GABA-induced membrane depolarization. Application of GABA（1–1000 μmol/L） induced an inward current in a concentration-dependent manner in 114 out of 127 DRG neurons（89.8 %） examined with whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Bath application of GABA（1–1000 μmol/L） evoked a depolarizing response in 236 out of 257（91.8%） DRG neurons examined with intracellular recordings. Application of SP（0.001–1 μmol/L） suppressed the GABA-activated inward current and membrane depolarization. The inhibitory effects were concentration-dependent and could be blocked by the selective neurokinin 1（NK1） receptors antagonist spantide but not by L659187 and SR142801（1 μmol/L, n=7）, selective antagonists of NK2 and NK3. The inhibitory effect of SP was significantly reduced by the calcium chelator BAPTA-AM, phospholipase C（PLC） inhibitor U73122, and PKC inhibitor chelerythrine, respectively. The PKA inhibitor H-89 did not affect the SP effect. Remarkably, the inhibitory effect of SP on GABA-activated current was nearly completely removed by a selective PKCε inhibitor epilon-V1-2 but not by safingol and LY333531, selective inhibitors of PKCα and PKCβ. Our results suggest that NK1 receptor mediates SP-induced inhibition of GABA-activated current and membrane depolarization by activating intracellular PLC-Ca2＋-PKCε cascade. SP might regulate the excitability of peripheral nociceptors through inhibition of the ＂pre-synaptic inhibition＂ evoked by GABA, which may explain its role in pain and neurogenic inflammation.

Roles of 5-HT2 receptors in effects of DOM,ketamine and methamphetamine on prepulse inhibition in Sprague Dawley rats

OBJECTIVE Prepulse inhibition(PPI)of the acoustic startle response provides a measure of sensorimotor gating system mecha⁃nisms,which is known to be impaired in schizo⁃phrenia patients.We assessed the effects of the 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist(±)2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine(DOM),the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine,the dopamine receptor ago⁃nist methamphetamine(Meth)on PPI and the startle magnitude in SD rats.METHODS AND RESULTS Systemic administration of the three compounds all dose-dependently reduced PPI.However,as far as startle magnitude,only DOM at the doses of 3 mg·kg-1 reduced that,while both ketamine and Meth did not change the startle magnitudes.Furthermore,to determine whether 5-HT2A receptor mediate this effect,the non-spe⁃cific 5-HT2 receptor antagonist cyproheptadine,specific 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin and specific 5-HT2C receptor antagonist SB242084 were tested.Cyproheptadine,ketan⁃serin and SB242084 did not alter startle ampli⁃tude by themselves in SD rats and only ketanserin slightly increased PPI at higher dose(3 mg·kg-1).PPI impairment induced by DOM was restored by pretreatment of cyproheptadine(1 mg·kg-1)and ketanserin(1 mg·kg-1),while not by pretreat⁃ment of SB242084(1 mg·kg-1).Damage of PPI induced by ketamine and Meth was not reversed by cyproheptadine(1 and 5 mg·kg-1).CONCLU⁃SION The receptor mechanisms underlying the disruption of PPI caused by DOM,ketamine and Meth were different from each other,at least 5-HT2A receptor was not the junction receptor for which the three chemicals acted.

Activation of angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptors in the median preoptic nucleus induces a diuretic and natriuretic response in rats

Objective： To investigate the effect of activation of angiotensin Ⅱ（AngⅡ） type 1 （AT1） receptors in the median preoptic nucleus （MnPO） of rats on renal sodium excretion. Methods： After anesthesia, the rats were injected into the MnPO via an implanted cannula. Urine samples were collected via a bladder cannula, and the urine sodium concentration was assayed with flame spectrophotometry. The serum level of endogenous digitalis-like factor （EDLF） and Na^＋,K^＋-ATPase activity in the renal cortex tissue were assayed respectively with a radioimmunoassay and with an ammonium molybdophosphate-based kit. Results： Both the urinary volume and the sodium excretion peaked 60 min after AngⅡ was administered into the MnPO. The responses were accompanied by an increase in serum EDLF and a decrease in Na^＋,K^＋-ATPase activity in the renal cortex. The responses of diuresis and natriuresis, as well as an increase in serum EDLF and a decrease in Na^＋,K^＋-ATPase activity in the renal cortex induced by MnPO adminstration with AngⅡ were inhibited by pior treatment with the AngⅡ receptor blocking agent losartan into the MnPO. Conclusion： These results suggest that activation of AT1 receptors in the MnPO of rat induces diuretic and natriuretic responses. The responses are associated with an increase release of EDLF and with the inhibition of Na^＋,K^＋-ATPase activity in renal cortex tissue.

大麻素1型受体参与疼痛调节机制的研究进展

大麻素1型受体(CB1R)是近年来研究较为广泛的内源性大麻素受体之一,在中枢和外周神经系统均有表达。CB1R位于突触前膜,通过逆行抑制性突触传递调节神经递质的释放,是治疗疼痛的有效靶点。激活CB1R对伤害性、病理性和炎性疼痛均具有镇痛效应,拮抗CB1R可引起疼痛敏化。本文通过对CB1R结构功能、信号转导、镇痛机制方面进行综述,为进一步了解疼痛的病理生理学机制及探索更优疼痛治疗方法提供参考。

CML、sRAGE、esRAGE对冠心病动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值

目的探讨ε-羧甲基赖氨酸(CML)、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)、内源性可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(esRAGE)对冠心病动脉粥样硬化的诊断价值。方法2020年6月至2022年12月,于新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院选取冠心病患者100例作为观察组。同时选取100例在我院体检的正常人作为对照组。比较两组ε-羧甲基赖氨酸(CML)、可溶性晚期糖基化终产物受体(sRAGE)和内源性分泌性晚期糖基化终产物受体(esRAGE)水平。应用受试者操作者特征(ROC)曲线评价CML、sRAGE、esRAGE的诊断水平,并联合检测冠心病动脉粥样硬化。结果与对照组相比,观察组血清CML及sRAGE水平明显升高,而esRAGE水平呈下降趋势。血清CML、sRAGE和esRAGE可准确诊断冠心病动脉粥样硬化,联合检测灵敏度(90.91%)、特异性(68.66%)、准确性(76.00%)、阳性预测值(58.82%)、阴性预测值(93.88%)、ROC曲线下面积(AUC)(0.922)较高。结论CML、sRAGE、esRAGE与冠心病动脉粥样硬化有关,有利于临床诊断和治疗。

观光木种子浸提液内源抑制物活性

为了解观光木种子内源抑制物质活性及其存在部位,用甲醇浸提种子不同部位(假种皮、种皮和胚乳),采用培养皿滤纸法,研究不同质量浓度(0、12.50、25.00、50.00、75.00、100.00 g/L)观光木种子不同部位浸提液对白菜种子萌发、幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:观光木种子不同部位均含有抑制白菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的物质,且不同部位的抑制物活性存在差异,对种子萌发和苗高生长的抑制作用表现为假种皮>胚乳>种皮;假种皮、种皮和胚乳中的抑制物质影响白菜幼苗的酶活性,随着浸提液质量浓度的升高,白菜幼苗的SOD与CAT活性表现出先升高后降低趋势,而POD活性与MDA含量则表现出相反趋势。可见,观光木种子中存在较强的抑制种子萌发的物质,这可能是观光木种子休眠的主要原因之一。

内源性物质对不同品种大米淀粉消化性的影响

近年来低血糖生成指数(GI)大米品种被培育出来,但是其产生低GI作用机理并不明确,内源性非淀粉物质作为大米关键成分,对不同GI大米淀粉消化率的影响值得探讨。本研究以典型的2种不同GI大米作为研究对象,探究了去除内源性非淀粉物质对大米淀粉体外消化性、理化性质和微观结构的影响。结果表明,对于低GI品种,蛋白质和膳食纤维的去除显著促进了淀粉消化,使最终消化率提升了7.37%~13.28%,但高GI品种的内源性非淀粉物质对于淀粉消化性的影响并不显著。在理化性质上,蛋白质和膳食纤维的去除将淀粉的膨胀力显著提升至(17.83±0.30)~(13.44±0.27)g/g,显著改变了米粉的糊化特性和热力学特性,从而使其更容易糊化和消化。在微观结构上,去除蛋白质和膳食纤维使淀粉颗粒结构减小了3~8μm,蛋白质、膳食纤维和淀粉的相互作用提高了米粉的有序度和聚集结构。

新疆部分本地梨品种花器官表型与花药内源物质差异分析

【目的】掌握不同品种间梨花的特性,探讨花药内源物质含量的差异,为授粉树的合理配置及花期外源激素的施用提供参考依据,以进一步提高梨的品质。【方法】以24个新疆本地梨品种为试验材料,观测、分析梨花器官的形态多样性,采用酶联免疫吸附分析法(ELISA)测定花药中生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、细胞分裂素(CTK)、脱落酸(ABA)、可溶性糖及可溶性淀粉的含量,并进行差异分析。【结果】供试的24个新疆本地梨品种以浅粉红花蕾、淡紫色花药、柱头高于花药、花瓣相对位置无序、圆形花瓣、花柱基部有茸毛类型居多,6个性状的Shannon-Weaver指数范围为0.529~2.476,花药颜色多样性指数较高,多样性丰富。每花序花朵数、雄蕊数、花冠直径和单花药花粉量的多样性指数范围为2.497~2.993,变异系数分别为26.65%、9.40%、17.10%、56.54%,雄蕊数的稳定性高于其余性状。成熟花药中内源物质含量均存在显著差异,GA3含量最低,可溶性糖含量最高。【结论】描述型性状中,花药颜色多样性最为丰富;数量型性状中,单花药花粉量变异程度最高。成熟花药中IAA含量存在显著差异,GA3、ABA、CTK、可溶性糖、可溶性淀粉存在极显著差异。在成熟花药的内源物质中可溶性糖含量最高,可溶性淀粉次之;内源激素IAA含量最高,GA3含量最少。初步掌握了梨花器官丰富的多样性,了解了不同品种成熟花药内源物质差异。

血栓弹力图联合常规凝血指标在流行性出血热患者内源性肝素检测中的应用

目的应用血栓弹力图(thromboelastography,TEG)联合常规凝血指标(conventional coagulation tests,CCTs)检测流行性出血热(epidemic hemorrhagic fever,EHF)患者内源性肝素物质,探讨TEG联合CCTs对该类患者凝血功能异常的检测价值,为临床治疗提供指导依据。方法对35名EHF患者分别在轻/中症期、重症期和恢复期进行APTT、TT、血栓弹力图普通杯R值和血栓弹力图肝素酶杯R值检测。使用Friedman方差分析进行统计学处理。结果EHF轻症病例的R值和肝素杯R值均数为7.5和6.7,恢复期病例的TT、R值和肝素酶杯R值分别为16.9、6.2和6.1,轻症病例的普通杯R值和肝素酶杯R值,以及恢复期病例的TT、R值和肝素酶杯R值均为正态分布,其余均为非正态分布。EHF患者在不同疾病进展期APTT、TT的变化,具有统计学差异(P<0.05),同时患者的血栓弹力图R值(凝血反应时间)也显示在轻中症、重症和恢复期的差别有统计学意义(P<0.05),与轻中症期相比,重症期的APTT、TT和R值延长,说明患者凝血功能继续降低;在轻中度、重度和恢复期,EHF患者的R值减去肝素酶杯R值的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),重症期内源性肝素样物质的残留积累高于轻中症和恢复期。结论EHF患者在不同疾病进展期APTT、TT和R值的变化具有显著性差异,TEG联合CCTs检测显示内源性肝素样物质的蓄积是可能导致EHF患者凝血功能紊乱的重要原因之一。采用TEG与CCTs组合检测的方法可以及时发现内源性肝素样物质的累积,为临床医师采取有针对性的治疗方案提供实验室依据。

Functional dissection of parabrachial substrates in processing nociceptive information

Painful stimuli elicit first-line reflexive defensive reactions and,in many cases,also evoke second-line recuperative behaviors,the latter of which reflects the sensing of tissue damage and the alleviation of suffering.The lateral parabrachial nucleus(lPBN),composed of external-(elPBN),dorsal-(dlPBN),and central/superior-subnuclei(jointly referred to as slPBN),receives sensory inputs from spinal projection neurons and plays important roles in processing affective information from external threats and body integrity disruption.However,the organizational rules of lPBN neurons that provoke diverse behaviors in response to different painful stimuli from cutaneous and deep tissues remain unclear.In this study,we used region-specific neuronal depletion or silencing approaches combined with a battery of behavioral assays to show that slPBN neurons expressing substance P receptor(NK1R)(lPBNNK1R)are crucial for driving pain-associated self-care behaviors evoked by sustained noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli applied to skin or bone/muscle,while elPBN neurons are dispensable for driving such reactions.Notably,lPBNNK1R neurons are specifically required for forming sustained somatic pain-induced negative teaching signals and aversive memory but are not necessary for fear-learning or escape behaviors elicited by external threats.Lastly,both lPBNNK1R and elPBN neurons contribute to chemical irritant-induced nocifensive reactions.Our results reveal the functional organization of parabrachial substrates that drive distinct behavioral outcomes in response to sustained pain versus external danger under physiological conditions.

七叶一枝花种子提取物对3种种子萌发特性的影响研究

为探究七叶一枝花种子提取物对不同类型种子萌发特性的影响,本研究以七叶一枝花休眠种子的甲醇、水浸提液为处理液进行小麦、绿豆、白菜种子萌发试验。结果表明,甲醇、水浸提液处理均可显著抑制不同类型种子的发芽率,在0.08 g/mL甲醇浸提液处理下,3种农作物种子发芽率均为0,在0.08 g/mL水浸提液处理下,绿豆发芽率为58.89%,小麦为7.78%。因此,推断七叶一枝花种子中含有内源抑制物、ABA含量过高均可能是导致七叶一枝花种子休眠的内源因素。

皂荚种皮结构和休眠特性研究

为研究皂荚种皮结构对种子吸水的影响,探索种皮和种子休眠的关系,明确种子休眠原因,对皂荚种子分别进行硫酸和热水处理后,利用体视显微镜和电子显微镜观察种皮结构,并结合矿脂密封法和染色法试验,探究皂荚种皮结构特性及吸水机制。结果表明,皂荚种子具有硬实性,种子表面高度角质化,覆有蜡质,热水或硫酸处理前后种皮结构有明显变化,蜡质和胶状物质消失,种皮表面出现裂纹,种脐出现孔洞。密封法和染色法试验表明,种脐区域是种子的初始和主要的吸水位点。解除硬实性后,种皮多个部位均可吸水。种皮的表皮层、栅栏层、明线、厚壁细胞层,覆盖于种脐和种孔的胶状物质等结构组织可能是引起皂荚种子硬实性的主要因素。80℃热水浸种10 min可以打破种子的硬实性。种胚甲醇浸提液对白菜种子发芽和幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用。研究表明,皂荚种子可能是兼具物理休眠和生理休眠的复合休眠。

Effect of substance P on gene expression of transforming growth factor β-1 and its receptors in rat's fibroblasts

Objective: To investigate the effect of substance P (SP) on gene expression of transforming growth factor β-1 (TGFβ-1), transforming growth factor receptor-1 (TGFR-1) and transforming growth factor receptor-2 (TGFR-2) in fibroblasts cultured in vitro from rat’s granulation tissues. Methods: The fibroblasts from the granulation tissues in the skeletal muscle of rat’s hind limbs injured by formaldehyde were cultured in vitro. When different concentrations (10 -9-10 -5 mol/L) of SP were added into the culture medium, the changes of gene expression of TGFβ-1, TGFR-1 and TGFR-2 in the cultured fibroblasts were observed with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction at different intervals (0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after incubation). Results: The gene expression of TGFβ-1, TGFR-1 and TGFR-2 in the fibroblasts cultured from rat’s granulation tissues was up-regulated by SP. The peak level of the mRNA expression was found at 10 -8 mol/L SP and the up-regulation effect was not found at 10 -5 mol/L and 10 -6 mol/L. The peak levels of gene expression of TGFβ-1, TGFR-1 and TGFR-2 in the fibroblasts treated with SP were achieved at 6 and 12 hours, respectively. Conclusions: SP has up-regulation effect on the gene expression of TGFβ-1, TGFR-1 and TGFR-2 in fibroblasts from rat’s granulation tissues in vitro, and the effect is related to different stimulating concentrations of SP. It may be concerned with proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and formation of scar tissues during wound healing.

内源抑制物对多花芍药种子上胚轴休眠的影响

【目的】明确多花芍药生根种子对上胚轴休眠解除抑制作用最强的部位及其潜在影响原因,为阐明多花芍药种子的休眠机制提供参考。【方法】分别采用多花芍药生根种子胚乳、种皮、胚3部分的浸提液处理白菜种子,确定抑制作用最强的部位;将该部位浸提液(1,2 g/L)添加到多花芍药离体胚培养基中,研究其对本体上胚轴休眠解除的影响;观测生根离体胚移入成苗培养基后的形态和脱落酸/赤霉素(ABA/GA 3)值变化,确定上胚轴休眠解除过程中的关键时间节点。用各关键节点胚浸提液处理易萌发的白菜种子,研究其对白菜种子发芽率、过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量、羟自由基(·OH)清除能力、抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD))活性、抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及NADP-苹果酸脱氢酶(NADP-MDH)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶(G6PDH))活性的影响,分析白菜种子发芽率与这些指标间的相关性。【结果】①多花芍药生根种子种皮、胚乳和胚浸提液均可显著抑制白菜种子萌发及幼苗生长,抑制强度由大到小依次为胚>胚乳>种皮;1,2 g/L胚浸提液均可显著降低多花芍药离体胚上胚轴休眠解除率。②生根离体胚移入成苗培养基的第4,8,12,16天,分别观测到ABA/GA 3出现拐点(S2)、胚芽萌出(S3)、胚芽伸长(S4)和真叶展开(S5)关键变化。③多花芍药离体胚移入成苗培养基之前(S1)及S2~S5节点胚浸提液均可抑制白菜种子萌发,且S4节点胚浸提液的抑制强度最大,该节点胚浸提液处理白菜种子H_(2)O_(2)含量、·OH清除能力、SOD活性和GSH、AsA含量均显著提高,同时CAT、POD、PK、G6PDH活性均显著降低。相关性分析结果显示,各节点胚浸提液处理白菜种子的发芽率与H_(2)O_(2)含量、·OH清除能力、GSH含量极显著负相关,与SOD活性显著负相关,与CAT、POD、PK和G6PDH活性极显著正相关,与AsA含量和NADP-MDH活性相关性不显著。【结论】多花芍药生根种子抑制作用最强的部位是胚,胚中内源抑制物在胚芽伸长阶段抑制作用最强,其作用机制是通过影响种子活性氧及抗氧化物质含量、呼吸代谢酶活性而发挥抑制作用。

外源脱落酸对干旱胁迫下云南山茶幼苗内源激素代谢的影响

【目的】探究喷施外源脱落酸(abscisic acid,ABA)对干旱胁迫下两年生云南山茶紫袍(Camellia reticulata‘Zipao’)幼苗根和叶内源激素的影响。【方法】采用100 mg·L^(−1)脱落酸对云南山茶幼苗叶面喷施,并用PEG_6000模拟干旱法进行干旱胁迫,研究在干旱胁迫及复水处理下外源ABA对云南山茶根和叶的渗透调节物质和内源激素代谢组的影响。【结果】干旱及复水处理下渗透调节的关键部位是在叶。干旱胁迫下云南山茶幼苗根部促进ABA、赤霉素(gibberellins,GA)、细胞分裂素(cytokinins,CKs)含量,降低生长素(auxin,IAA)含量,而叶部促进ABA、茉莉酸(jasmonates,JA)、水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)、IAA、CKs含量的积累。复水处理下云南山茶幼苗根部ABA、GA、CKs各激素水平逐渐下降,IAA含量逐渐上升,而叶部通过积累JA、SA、IAA、CKs含量进行调控。差异显著代谢物KEGG富集分析表明,根部代谢物显著富集在二萜生物合成通路中,叶部显著富集在植物激素信号转导途径和玉米素生物合成通路中。渗透调节物质与内源激素的相关性分析表明二者之间存在显著正相关。施用外源ABA在干旱胁迫下可分别提升云南山茶根部可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、ABA、GA、CKs和叶部游离脯氨酸、ABA、JA的含量,进而提高耐旱力;在复水期可分别降低根部CKs和叶部JA的含量,促进根部和叶部IAA的合成,进而促进植株的恢复。【结论】云南山茶幼苗根和叶对干旱胁迫及复水处理的响应存在差异,施用外源ABA可提高云南山茶的耐旱力。

SP/NK-1R系统在乳腺癌中的研究进展

近年来,尽管乳腺癌的治疗已取得诸多进展,但其发病率仍呈上升趋势,寻找新的药物靶点和生物标志物已成为研究热点。越来越多的临床研究开始关注肿瘤细胞与肿瘤微环境的相互作用,认为肿瘤微环境对恶性肿瘤的进展起着至关重要的作用。物质P(Substance P,SP)能够参与癌变过程,在维持肿瘤微环境中发挥着关键作用。NK-1受体(Neurokinin 1 receptor,NK-1R)在肿瘤细胞的细胞质中表达,与诸多肿瘤特征显著相关。SP通过其受体NK-1R诱导肿瘤细胞增殖、血管生成和迁移,并发挥抗凋亡作用。在未来的治疗方案中,能否应用NK-1R拮抗剂为乳腺癌的诊断与治疗提供更精准的靶点成为热点话题。本文就SP/NK-1R系统在乳腺癌中的研究状况进行综述。