Feasibility and safety of minimally invasive multivisceral resection for T4b rectal cancer:A 9-year review

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer and the second highest cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide.About 5%-10%of patients are diagnosed with locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC)on presentation.For LARC invading into other structures(i.e.T4b),multivisceral resection(MVR)and/or pelvic ex-enteration(PE)remains the only potential curative surgical treatment.MVR and/or PE is a major and complex surgery with high post-operative morbidity.Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)has been shown to improve short-term post-operative outcomes in other gastrointestinal malignancies,but there is little evi-dence on its use in MVR,especially so for robotic MVR.This is a single-center retrospective cohort study from 1st January 2015 to 31st March 2023.Inclusion criteria were patients diagnosed with cT4b rectal cancer and underwent MVR,or stage 4 disease with resectable systemic metastases.Pa-tients who underwent curative MVR for locally recurrent rectal cancer,or me-tachronous rectal cancer were also included.Exclusion criteria were patients with systemic metastases with non-resectable disease.All patients planned for elective surgery were enrolled into the standard enhanced recovery after surgery pathway with standard peri-operative management for colorectal surgery.Complex sur-gery was defined based on technical difficulty of surgery(i.e.total PE,bladder-sparing prostatectomy,pelvic lymph node dissection or need for flap creation).Our primary outcomes were the margin status,and complication rates.Cate-gorical values were described as percentages and analysed by the chi-square test.Continuous variables were expressed as median(range)and analysed by Mann-Whitney U test.Cumulative overall survival(OS)and recurrence-free survival(RFS)were analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates with life table analysis.Log-rank test was performed to determine statistical significance between cumulative estimates.Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.Meier estimates with life table analysis.Log-rank test was performed to determine statistical significance between cumulative estimates.Statistical significance was defined as P<0.05.RESULTS A total of 46 patients were included in this study[open MVR(oMVR):12(26.1%),miMVR:36(73.9%)].Patients’American Society of Anesthesiologists score,body mass index and co-morbidities were comparable between oMVR and miMVR.There is an increasing trend towards robotic MVR from 2015 to 2023.MiMVR was associated with lower estimated blood loss(EBL)(median 450 vs 1200 mL,P=0.008),major morbidity(14.7%vs 50.0%,P=0.014),post-operative intra-abdominal collections(11.8%vs 50.0%,P=0.006),post-operative ileus(32.4%vs 66.7%,P=0.04)and surgical site infection(11.8%vs 50.0%,P=0.006)compared with oMVR.Length of stay was also shorter for miMVR compared with oMVR(median 10 vs 30 d,P=0.001).Oncological outcomes-R0 resection,recurrence,OS and RFS were comparable between miMVR and oMVR.There was no 30-d mortality.More patients underwent robotic compared with laparoscopic MVR for complex cases(robotic 57.1%vs laparoscopic 7.7%,P=0.004).The operating time was longer for robotic compared with laparoscopic MVR[robotic:602(400-900)min,laparoscopic:Median 455(275-675)min,P<0.001].Incidence of R0 resection was similar(laparoscopic:84.6%vs robotic:76.2%,P=0.555).Overall complication rates,major morbidity rates and 30-d readmission rates were similar between la-paroscopic and robotic MVR.Interestingly,3-year OS(robotic 83.1%vs 58.6%,P=0.008)and RFS(robotic 72.9%vs 34.3%,P=0.002)was superior for robotic compared with laparoscopic MVR.CONCLUSION MiMVR had lower post-operative complications compared to oMVR.Robotic MVR was also safe,with acceptable post-operative complication rates.Prospective studies should be conducted to compare short-term and long-term outcomes between robotic vs laparoscopic MVR.

Investigation on complementarity between total mesorectal excision and radical resection in relation to postoperative local recurrence in patients receiving anus-reserve operation on rectal cancer

Objective:To investigate the difference and complementarity between total mesorectal excision(TME)and radical resection in relation to postoperative local recurrence in patients receiving anus-reserve operation on rectal cancer.Methods:Clinical data of 81 cases during a period from 1975 to 2001 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:In the 81 cases with local recurrence,49 of them laid to anastomosis and mesorectum,17 lymph nodes and 15 multi-site relapse.The choice of operative procedure included abdominoperineal resection in 58 cases,Hartmann’s operation in 4 cases,simple double-pelvic stoma in 12 cases,exploration in 7 cases,and total pelvic or rear-pelvic resection in combination with other organs in 6 cases. The rate of resection was 84.0%(68/81).32 cases reached clinical radical degree,and the rate of radical resection was 39.5% (32/81).The 5-year survival rate was 34.4%(11/32).Conclusion:Based on actual condition of the patients,attention to radi- cal resection and total mesorectal excision are necessary,and reasonable adoption of the operative procedure could reduce the local recurrence of rectal cancer.

Recent advances in the surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer

INTRODUCTIONPancreatic cancer remains the fourth commonest cause of cancer related death in the western world[1]. The prognosis remains dismal due partly to late presentation, with associated low resectability rates, and the aggressive biological nature of these tumors. The median survival time from diagnosis in unresectable tumors remains only 4 6 months.For those patients amenable to surgical resection over the last 20 years have seen marked improvements in postoperative mortality and morbidity, especially in specialist pancreatic centres 23. Despite these changes long-term survival remains low. with a total 5-year survival rate remaining less than 5%.Patients with ampullary cancer have a better 5-year survival of 40°%-60°%.

Surgical Treatment of Carcinoma of Esophagus and Gastric Cardia—A 34—year Investigation

Methods The patients were divided into A,Band C groups:3155 patients (group A)were treated surgically in the first 14 years ,5952 patients (group B)in the next 10 years ,and 3863 patients (group C)in the last 10 years .The early stage lesions (Tis ,Ti)were as-signed as a separate group.The results of these groups were compared. Results The respectability for esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinoma wsa 94.0% and 84.4% respectively ,and the overall respectability .The overall operative mortality was 1.8%,it was 4.4% for group A, 1.6% for group B,and 0.5% for group C.The overall 5-year sur-vival was 31.6%.The 5-year survival for groups A, B,C and the early stage group was 27.0% ,29.1%,32.0% and 92.6%,respect-tively.Among the 3 temporal groups,differences were observed in tems of lesion stage,location and size,surgery with or without com-bined therapy and postoperative complications. Conclusion Best results were achieved in the early cases,with a respectability of 100% and a 5-year survival of 92.6%.The indications for surgical treatment were extended with increased respectability and decreased mortality.Subtotal esophagectomy combined with cervical esophagogastrostomy was advocated as the procedure of first choice for esophageal carcinoma in attempt to diminish the chance of recur-rence,and to achieve better outcomes by using combined therapy for patients with≥stage Ⅲ lesion.

Preoperative rectal tumor embolization as an adjunctive tool for bloodless abdominoperineal excision:A case report

BACKGROUND Abdominoperineal excision(APE)-related hemorrhage can be challenging due to difficult access to pelvic organs and the risk of massive blood loss.The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the use of preoperative embolization(PE)as a strategy for blood preservation in a patient with a large low rectal tumor with a high risk of bleeding,scheduled for APE.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old man presented to our institution with a one-year history of anal bleeding and rectal tenesmus.The patient was diagnosed with bulky adenocarcinoma limited to the rectum.As the patient refused any clinical treatment,surgery without previous neoadjuvant chemoradiation was indicated.The patient underwent a tumor embolization procedure,two days before surgery performed via the right common femoral artery.The tumor was successfully devascularized and no major bleeding was noted during APE.Postoperative recovery was uneventful and a one-year follow-up showed no signs of recurrence.CONCLUSION Therapeutic tumor embolization may play a role in bloodless surgeries and increase surgical and oncologic prognoses.We describe a patient with a bulky low rectal tumor who successfully underwent preoperative embolization and bloodless abdominoperineal resection.

Application of mastoscopic in modified radical operation for preserving nipple-areolar complex

Objective: To probe the effect of mastoscopic in modified radical mastectomy operation for preserving nipple-areolar complex in the treatment of breast cancer. Methods: Thirty patients, with breast cancer of a diameter≤3 cm and a distance≥3 cm from the mammary areola were treated by mastoscopic from November 2003 to August 2006. After the lipoly- sis and suction of axillary fat, mastoscopic axillary lymph node dissection was performed. Results: The average operation time was 128.9 min (120–156 min), the intraoperative blood loss was 56 mL (30–100 mL). The mean lymph nodes harvested by endoscopy were 16 (6–34). Excellent cosmetic outcomes were obtained with symmetrical breast development and all the patients were satisfied with the treatment. Postoperative follow-up for 2–29 months (mean, 16.6 months) found no local recur-rence. Conclusion:This model of operation can protect the upper limb function and has value of aesthetics of the brisket. What’s more, improve the quality of survive of the patients.

Surgical treatment effects in cancer of the cardia and esophagogastric junction

Objective: To evaluate the treatment effects of total gastrectomy (TG) and proximal gastrectomy (PG) for cancer of the cardia and esophagogastric junction. Methods: forty-five patients with cancer of the cardia and esophagogastric junc- tion underwent surgical resection. Of them, 29 were treated using proximal gastrectomy and 16 total gastrectomy. The 3-year and 5-year survival rate and the postoperative complication rate and mortality rate were followed up and compared between the two groups. Results: The 3-year and 5-year survival rates of group PG were 44.8% and 20.7%, of group TG were 37.5% and 18.8%, respectively, and the differences were not statistically significant (χ2 = 3.84, P > 0.05; χ2 = 3.89, P > 0.05). The postoperative complication and mortality rate of group PG were 13.7% and 6.8%, of group TG was all 6%, respectively. Conclusion: Proximal and total gastrectomy treatment effects can not significantly influence the prognosis of patients in progressive stage of cancer of cardia and esophagogastric junction.

基于倾向性评分匹配的机器人与腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的短期疗效分析

目的:对比机器人与腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的短期临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2020年8月至2022年12月行机器人与腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术的112例患者的临床资料。采用倾向评分匹配法对两组患者的临床资料进行1∶1匹配,两组各30例患者匹配成功,匹配后对比分析两组手术情况、术后恢复情况及术后30 d并发症。结果:匹配后两组患者临床资料差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。机器人组中1例中转腹腔镜手术,腹腔镜组无中转开腹。两组左结肠动脉保留、盆底腹膜关闭、环周切缘阳性率、远切缘距离、淋巴结清扫数量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。机器人组预防性回肠造口率低于腹腔镜组,术中出血量少于腹腔镜组,吻合口加固缝合数量多于腹腔镜组,术后第1天C-反应蛋白水平低于腹腔镜组,总手术时间长于腹腔镜组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组首次排气时间、拔除尿管时间、肛管留置时间、首次进食时间、术后住院时间、术后30 d并发症差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:机器人全直肠系膜切除术可获得与腹腔镜手术相似的短期临床疗效,机器人手术时间更长,但具有组织损伤轻、术中出血少、回肠造口率低的优势。

MR多模态成像在直肠癌TN分期及手术方式选择中的应用

目的探讨MR多模态成像在直肠癌TN分期及手术方式选择中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2020年1月—2022年5月396例直肠癌患者的MR征象,以此进行术前TN分期并模拟制定手术方式,分析手术前后TN分期的准确性,并比较拟定手术方式与实际手术方式的一致性。结果MR多模态成像辅助术前拟定直肠癌T分期的符合率为90.15%,与术后病理结果的一致性较高(K=0.82,P<0.01),且对于T2~T4分期的诊断准确率较高;N分期的符合率为71.46%,与术后病理结果的一致性适中(K=0.53,P<0.01)。MR多模态成像辅助拟定手术方式的符合率为89.14%,与实际术式一致性较高(K=0.79,P<0.01),且对于直肠癌各种术式拟定的准确率均较高。结论MR多模态成像对直肠癌的术前TN分期以及手术方式的制定有较高的临床价值。

原发性腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤初次术后影响生存期的因素分析

目的分析初次手术后对原发性腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤患者生存期的影响因素,并了解其临床特征。方法搜集2018年1月—2023年1月67例原发性腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据患者的手术情况、年龄、性别、病理类型及其他相关因素,对其生存期进行统计和分析。符合正态分布的计量资料以xˉ±s表示、采用t检验;计数资料以%表示、采用χ2检验。对影响患者预后因素的分析采用单因素分析,其中差异有统计学意义的因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析。结果67例患者的平均生存期为(18.25±2.41)个月,病理证实肿瘤类型均为平滑肌肉瘤。生存分析显示,年龄>60岁、肿瘤最大径>10 cm、肿瘤分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、肿瘤分化程度低~差、肿瘤累及其他脏器均是影响患者术后生存期的危险因素(P均<0.05);性别、体质量指数、吸烟史、饮酒史、手术方式对患者的生存期无明显影响(P均>0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析,表明年龄≥60岁、显微镜下切缘看到肿瘤细胞(R1切除)、肿瘤最大径≥10 cm、肿瘤分期Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、肿瘤低~差分化、肿瘤累及其他脏器均是影响原发性腹膜后平滑肌肉瘤初次手术后生存率的独立危险因素。结论患者年龄、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤分期等是影响患者预后的主要因素,准确评估这些影响因素有助于指导临床决策,进一步改善患者的预后结果。

海信CAS辅助下高强度聚焦超声消融治疗晚期胰腺癌效果

目的探讨海信计算机辅助系统(CAS)辅助下高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)治疗胰腺癌的效果。方法选取2020年1月-2021年5月于我院拟行HIFU治疗的22例胰腺癌患者。术前采用海信CAS将二维CT图像进行三维重建,明确胰腺肿瘤与周围肠道、脏器的毗邻关系,通过实体瘤疗效评价标准评价局部消融疗效,并记录患者术后并发症发生情况。结果海信CAS数字化三维重建结果可清晰显示胰腺肿瘤与周围肠道、脏器的毗邻关系,协助实现精准消融。22例胰腺癌患者中完全缓解率为9.1%,部分缓解率为68.2%,疾病稳定率为13.6%,疾病进展率为9.1%。所有患者在HIFU术后均未出现胃肠道穿孔、急性胰腺炎、胰瘘及消化道出血等严重并发症,仅1例患者出现浅Ⅱ度皮肤灼伤。结论海信CAS辅助下HIFU治疗晚期胰腺癌效果较好,值得在临床推广。

《肿瘤外科学年鉴:肝外胆管癌和胆囊癌临床诊疗指南》推荐意见

胆道恶性肿瘤是一类发病率低但侵袭性强的消化道肿瘤,主要包括肝内胆管癌、肝外胆管癌和胆囊癌,常常伴随着局部进展或远处转移等特征。对于局部可切除的患者而言,手术往往是首选的治疗方法。然而,即便患者接受根治性手术其术后复发风险依然很高。因此,对于胆道恶性肿瘤患者而言,通常需要采取多种治疗模式,包括手术切除、全身治疗(如靶向治疗、化学治疗、免疫治疗)以及/或局部治疗的综合方案。随着胆道恶性肿瘤领域的逐渐发展,对于外科肿瘤学家而言,了解并掌握最新的外科诊疗策略以及最佳患者的选择和管理体系至关重要。鉴于治疗的复杂性和诊疗技术不断发展的特点,美国肿瘤外科学权威期刊《肿瘤外科学年鉴》于近期发表了关于肝胆肿瘤的实践诊疗指南,主要包括肝细胞癌、肝内胆管癌、肝外胆管癌和胆囊癌,旨在为肝胆肿瘤患者的临床管理和决策制定提供更多基于循证医学的证据。限于篇幅和不同侧重点,本文着重介绍该指南中关于肝外胆管癌和胆囊癌的评估要点和临床治疗的相关建议,以供临床参考。

机器人直肠癌根治术后并发症Clavien-Dindo 分级及危险因素分析

目的:探讨达芬奇机器人直肠癌根治术后并发症的分级及影响术后并发症的危险因素。方法:回顾分析2012年3月至2022年12月接受机器人直肠癌根治术的923例患者的临床、病理资料及并发症情况,采用Clavien-Dindo系统对术后并发症进行分级评价,分析影响术后并发症的危险因素。结果:923例患者中143例出现术后并发症,并发症发生率为15.5%(143/923),其中术后严重并发症(Ⅲ级以上)发生率为6.4%,术后Ⅲ级以上吻合口漏(4.2%)为术后严重并发症最常见的原因。多因素分析结果显示,年龄>65岁是影响术后总体及系统并发症发生的独立危险因素,BMI>25 kg/m~2是影响术后总体、局部、严重并发症发生的独立危险因素,术者经验≤20例是影响术后局部及严重并发症发生的独立危险因素。结论:达芬奇机器人直肠癌根治术后并发症以Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级并发症为主。年龄、BMI、术者经验、肿瘤位置、合并症、术中出血量是影响术后并发症发生的主要独立危险因素。临床开展机器人直肠癌手术时应重点关注此类高危人群,积极防治并发症,降低术后并发症发生率。

加速康复外科护理理念在腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治保肛术中的应用

目的:探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)护理理念在腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治保肛术中的应用效果。方法:选取2021年1月1日~2022年2月28日住院治疗的35例低位直肠癌患者为对照组,给予常规围术期护理;选取2022年3月1日~2023年4月30日住院治疗的35例低位直肠癌患者为观察组,给予ERAS护理理念的干预护理;所有患者均行腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治保肛术。比较两组术后首次排气时间、术后首次排便时间、术后恢复饮食时间、平均住院时间及并发症发生率。结果:观察组术后首次排气时间、术后首次排便时间、术后恢复饮食时间、平均住院时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:对腹腔镜下低位直肠癌根治保肛术患者实施ERAS护理理念,可促进患者术后恢复。

Critical analysis of the literature investigating urogenital function preservation following robotic rectal cancer surgery

AIM To analyses the current literature regarding the urogenital functional outcomes of patients receiving robotic rectal cancer surgery. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of electronic databases was performed in October 2015. The following search terms were applied: "rectal cancer" or "colorectal cancer" and robot* or "da Vinci" and sexual or urolog* or urinary or erect* or ejaculat* or impot* or incontinence. All original studies examining the urological and/or sexual outcomes of male and/or female patients receiving robotic rectal cancer surgery were included. Reference lists of all retrieved articles were manually searched for further relevant articles. Abstracts were independently searched by two authors. RESULTS Fifteen original studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 1338 patients were included; 818 received robotic, 498 laparoscopic and 22 open rectal cancer surgery. Only 726(54%) patients had their urogenital function assessed via means of validated functional questionnaires. From the included studies, three found that robotic rectal cancer surgery leads to quicker recovery of male urological function and five of male sexual function as compared to laparoscopic surgery. It is unclear whether robotic surgery offers favourable urogenital outcomes in the long run for males. In female patients only two studies assessed urological and threesexual function independently to that of males. In these studies there was no difference identified between patients receiving robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery. However, in females the presented evidence was very limited making it impossible to draw any substantial conclusions. CONCLUSION There seems to be a trend towards earlier recovery of male urogenital function following robotic surgery. To evaluate this further, larger well designed studies are required.

Robotic surgery for rectal cancer: Current immediate clinical and oncological outcomes

Laparoscopic rectal surgery continues to be a challenging operation associated to a steep learning curve. Robotic surgical systems have dramatically changed minimally invasive surgery. Three-dimensional, magnified and stable view, articulated instruments, and reduction of physiologic tremors leading to superior dexterity and ergonomics. Therefore, robotic platforms could potentially address limitations of laparoscopic rectal surgery. It was aimed at reviewing current literature on short-term clinical and oncological(pathological) outcomes after robotic rectal cancer surgery in comparison with laparoscopic surgery. A systematic review was performed for the period 2002 to 2014. A total of 1776 patients with rectal cancer underwent minimally invasive robotic treatment in 32 studies. After robotic and laparoscopic approach to oncologic rectal surgery, respectively, mean operating time varied from 192-385 min, and from 158-297 min; mean estimated blood loss was between 33 and 283 mL, and between 127 and 300 mL; mean length of stay varied from 4-10 d; and from 6-15 d. Conversion after robotic rectal surgery varied from 0% to 9.4%, and from 0 to 22% after laparoscopy. There was no difference between robotic(0%-41.3%) and laparoscopic(5.5%-29.3%) surgery regarding morbidity and anastomotic complications(respectively, 0%-13.5%, and 0%-11.1%). Regarding immediate oncologic outcomes, respectively among robotic and laparoscopic cases, positive circumferential margins varied from 0% to 7.5%, and from 0% to 8.8%; the mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was between 10 and 20, and between 11 and 21; and the mean distal resection margin was from 0.8 to 4.7 cm, and from 1.9 to 4.5 cm. Robotic rectal cancer surgery is being undertaken by experienced surgeons. However, the quality of the assembled evidence does not support definite conclusions about most studies variables. Robotic rectal cancer surgery is associated to increased costs and operating time. It also seems to be associated to reduced conversion rates. Other short-term outcomes are comparable to conventional laparoscopy techniques, if not better. Ultimately, pathological data evaluation suggests that oncologic safety may be preserved after robotic total mesorectal excision. However, further studies are required to evaluate oncologic safety and functional results.

吲哚菁绿荧光导向在直肠癌外科手术中的应用研究

直肠癌是临床上常见的消化系统肿瘤,其发病率逐年升高。目前,手术已成为治疗直肠癌的首选方法,其中腹腔镜技术进行全直肠系膜切除术(LTME)为最常用的手术方法。吲哚菁绿(ICG)荧光显影是一种先进的显像技术,它已被普遍地运用于各种医疗领域。在结直肠外科手术中,ICG通过近红外荧光腹腔镜检测,可以更准确地识别和描述病变,其在评估吻合口血供、检测淋巴系统、发现肝转移灶、保护输尿管及减少周围副损伤等方面得到了广泛的应用。

喉梭形细胞鳞状细胞癌的临床病理特点分析

目的 总结和分析喉梭形细胞鳞状细胞癌(spindle cell squamous carcinoma,Spc-SCC)的临床及病理特点,以期加深临床对该肿瘤的的认识,提升诊疗水平。方法 回顾性分析2017年4月~2021年4月于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科诊治的12例Spc-SCC患者临床表现、病理及预后资料,10例行单纯手术治疗,1例术后行放、化疗,1例单纯放疗。利用SPSS软件,Kaplan-Meier法行统计学分析。结果 10例病理标本中可见梭形细胞/肉瘤样成分和上皮细胞成分共存,以梭形细胞成分为主,2例仅见梭形细胞成分。免疫组化染色均可见角蛋白CK的表达。随访3~63个月,2例患者死亡,1例死于局部复发大出血,1例为仅行放疗患者,余10例患者截至随访结束未见肿瘤复发及转移征象。1年、3年、5年生存率分别为91.7%、83.3%、83.3%。结论 病理学检查是Spc-SCC的主要确诊方式,手术切除为其主要的治疗手段。

儿童肾透明细胞肉瘤合并下腔静脉瘤栓手术1例报告并文献分析

目的探讨儿童肾透明细胞肉瘤合并下腔静脉瘤栓并瘤栓复发的临床特点、诊治及预后。方法回顾性分析湖南省儿童医院泌尿外科收治的1例肾透明细胞肉瘤并下腔静脉瘤栓患儿临床资料。以“clear cell sarcoma”、“thrombus”和“pediatric”为检索词检索PubMed、Web of Science数据库相关文献;以“透明细胞肉瘤”、“瘤栓”和“儿童”为检索词检索万方数据库及中国知网相关文献;剔除重复病例后进行文献复习,总结儿童肾透明细胞肉瘤的临床特征、手术方式及预后情况。结果本例患儿因“发热3 d、血尿3 d”入院,体查右上腹似可扪及一直径约10 cm肿块,质中,无压痛。腹部CT示肿块不均匀强化,腔静脉内低密度影,腹膜后多处淋巴结肿大。穿刺活检确诊肾透明细胞肉瘤,辅助化疗4个周期后行右肾肿瘤根治、腔静脉瘤栓取出术。2022年3月复查CT发现下腔静脉瘤栓复发,行瘤栓、部分下腔静脉切除术。首次手术时长10 h,术中出血量600 mL,切口一期愈合;病理检查结果:肾透明细胞肉瘤,肿瘤侵范未突破肾被膜,侵犯肾盂壁;肾窦及肾门血管未见肿瘤成分;输尿管切缘及右肾旁淋巴结未见肿瘤细胞,术后放疗6个周期、化疗5个周期;第2次手术时长8 h,出血量300 mL,术后化疗5个周期。病理检查示下腔静脉瘤栓为肿瘤成分。目前已随访至术后6个月,患儿无静脉曲张、下肢水肿等腔静脉梗阻表现,肾功能正常。复查CT未见肿瘤复发及明显肿瘤遗存。共获得9篇符合要求的文献,报道11例儿童肾透明细胞肉瘤合并下腔静脉瘤栓患儿,其中男7例,女4例;平均年龄7岁10个月(1岁11个月至14岁);左肾肿瘤4例,右肾7例;8例瘤栓侵入右心房,9例行肾肿瘤根治切除及腔静脉切开取栓,其中5例在体外循环下取栓。中位随访时间16个月(1.5~36个月),3例出现转移或复发。结论对于肾透明细胞肉瘤合并腔静脉瘤栓患儿,可选择经腔静脉切开取栓;瘤栓复发时,如证实侧支循环畅通,可行瘤栓与部分下腔静脉一同切除。

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中体位调整对患者生命体征的影响

目的:探讨腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中患者特殊体位对生命体征的影响。方法:回顾分析2022年3月至2022年4月接受腹腔镜直肠癌根治术(Dixon术式)患者的临床资料,统计并比较手术开始时改变体位前、改变体位后及手术结束时恢复体位前、恢复体位后4个时点患者的生命体征。结果:符合入组标准的患者共49例,40~83岁,其中男26例,女23例。术中体位调整对患者的血压影响较大,由平卧位调整至截石位时,患者血压尤其收缩压明显升高[(132.57±23.79)mmHg vs.(144.31±20.05)mmHg,P<0.001],手术结束恢复至平卧位时,收缩压明显下降[(127.51±16.73)mmHg vs.(118.49±16.78)mmHg,P<0.001];体位调整前后患者心率、呼吸频率及体温无明显变化。结论:腹腔镜直肠癌根治术体位的调整会引起患者生命体征的变化,尤其收缩压波动较大。术中需优化医护配合,对于高危患者应预先制定干预措施,以保证患者生命体征平稳,减少并发症的发生。