Effects of UV-B radiation on tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm(Rhodophyta),and effects of red and blue light on repair of UV-B-induced damage

We evaluated the effects of red and blue light on the repair of UV-B radiation-induced damage in tetraspores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm. Tetraspores of C. ocellatus were treated with different UV-B radiation levels(0,36,72,108,144 and 180 J/m2),and thereafter subjected to PAR,darkness,or red or blue light during a 2-h repair stage,each day for 48 days. The diameters and cellular contents of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimmers(CPDs),chlorophyll a(Chl a),phycoerythrin,and UV-B-absorbing mycosporinelike amino acids(MAAs) contents of the tetraspores were determined. Our results show that low doses of UV-B radiation(36 and 72 J/m 2) promoted the growth of C. ocellatus; however,increased UV-B radiation gradually reduced the C. ocellatus growth(greater than 72 J/m2). The MAAs(palythine and asterina-330) in C. ocellatus were detected and analyzed by LC/MS. Our results suggest that moderate red light could induce the growth of this alga in aquaculture. In addition,photorepair was inhibited by red light,so there may be some other DNA repair mechanism activated by red light. Blue light promoted the activity of DNA photolyase,greatly improving remediation efficiency. Red and blue lights were found to reduce the capacity of C. ocellatus to form MAAs. Therefore,PAR,red light,and blue light play different roles during the repair processes for damage induced by UV-B radiation.

Supplemental blue and red light promote lycopene synthesis in tomato fruits

Lycopene, one of the strongest natural antioxidants known and the main carotene in ripe tomato, is very important for human health. Light is well known to be one of the most important environmental stimuli influencing lycopene biosynthesis; specifically, red light induces higher lycopene content in tomato. However, whether blue light promotes lycopene synthesis remains elusive and exactly how light stimulation promotes lycopene synthesis remains unclear. We applied supplemental blue and red lighting on tomato plants at anthesis to monitor the effect of supplemental blue and red lighting on lycopene synthesis. Our results showed that supplemental blue/red lighting induced higher lycopene content in tomato fruits; furthermore, we found that the expression of key genes in the lycopene synthesis pathway was induced by supplemented blue/red light. The expression of light signaling components, such as red-light receptor phytochromes(PHYs), blue-light receptor cryptochromes(CRYs) and light interaction factors, phytochrome-interacting factors(PIFs) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5(HY5) were up-or down-regulated by blue/red lighting. Thus, blue and red light increased lycopene content in tomatoes by inducing light receptors that modulate HY5 and PIFs activation to mediate phytoene synthase 1(PSY1) gene expression. These results provide a sound theoretical basis for further elucidation of the light regulating mechanism of lycopene synthesis in tomatoes, and for instituting a new generation of technological innovations for the enhancement of lycopene accumulation in crop production.

Transcriptome analysis of carotenoid biosynthesis in Dunaliella salina under red and blue light

The quality of light is an important abiotic factor that affects the growth and development of photosynthetic organisms.In this study,we exposed the unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina to red(660 nm)and blue(450 nm)light and analyzed the cell growth,total carotenoid content,and transcriptomes.The growth of D.salina was enhanced by illumination with red light,whereas blue light was not able to promote the algal growth.In contrast,the total carotenoid content increased under both red and blue light.The RNA of D.salina was sequenced and the transcriptomic response of algal cells to red and blue light was investigated.Six transcripts encoding for the blue light receptor cryptochrome were identified,and transcripts involved in the carotenoid metabolism were up-regulated under both red and blue light.Transcripts encoding for photoprotective enzymes related to the scavenging of reactive oxygen species were up-regulated under blue light.The present transcriptomic study provides a more comprehensive understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis in D.salina under different wavelengths of light.

Effects of Different Combinations of Red and Blue Light on Morphology and Photosynthetic Characteristic of Tomato Seedlings

Blue and red light are spectral wavelengths more effective for plants. The effects of different ratios of red and blue light （R/B=2, R/B=4, R/B=8, R/B=12） provided by LEDs on morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of tomato seedlings were studied. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, seedling index and G value increased with the increase of R/B ratio until 8. On the contrary, SPDA value decreased with the increase of R/B ratio. Photosynthetic characteristics were measured by CO 2 assimilation （ Pn ）, stomatal conductance （ gs ） and intracellular CO 2 concentration （ Ci） . Pn and gs decreased with the increase of R/B ratio. Furthermore, similar trend was investigated in photochemical quenching （qP） and electron transport rate （ETR）. Results of this study suggest that compared with white LED, appropriate combination of red and blue light can enhance plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics, and the optimal blue/red ratio for tomato growth was R/B=8.

Transcriptome analysis reveals effects of red and blue lightemitting diodes(LEDs)on the growth,chlorophyll fluorescence and endogenous plant hormones of potato(Solanum tuberosum L.)plantlets cultured in vitro

Red and blue light illumination has been reported to significantly affect plantlet growth.Potato is an important food and feed crop in the world and potato plantlet cultured in vitro plays an important role in potato production.However,few studies have documented the effects of red and blue light on the growth of potato plantlets revealed at the transcriptome level.The objective of this study was to determine the growth and physiological responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro under monochromatic red(RR),monochromatic blue(BB)as well as combined red and blue(RB)LEDs using the RNA-Seq technique.In total,3150 and 814 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected in potato plantlets under RR and BB,respectively,compared to RB(used as control).Compared to the control,the DEGs enriched in"photosynthesis"and"photosynthesis-antenna proteins"metabolic pathways were up-regulated and down-regulated by BB and RR,respectively,which might be responsible for the increases and decreases of maximum quantum yield(F_(v)/F_(m)),photochemical quantum yield(φ_(PSII)),photochemical quenching(q_(P))and electron transfer rate(ETR)in BB and RR,respectively.Potato plantlets exhibited dwarfed stems and extended leaves under BB,whereas elongated stems and small leaves were induced under RR.These dramatically altered plantlet phenotypes were associated with variable levels of endogenous plant hormones gibberellin(GAs),indoleacetic acid(IAA)and cytokinins(CKs),as assessed in stems and leaves of potato plantlets.In addition,monochromatic red and blue LEDs trigged the opposite expression profiles of DEGs identified in the"plant hormone signal transduction"metabolic pathway,which were closely related to the endogenous plant hormone levels in potato plantlets.Our results provide insights into the responses of potato plantlets cultured in vitro to red and blue LEDs at the transcriptomic level and may contribute to improvements in the micro-propagation of potato plantlets cultured in vitro from the light spectrum aspect.

Blue-Red Tuning Emission of ZnO: Europium Quantum Dots with Different Excitation Wavelengths

Optoelectronic applications require the development of new fluorescent and efficient luminescent materials, free of toxicity, low in cost, and easy to produce. In this way the synthesis of zinc-oxide (ZnO) quantum dots (QDs) has recently received special attention due to their good optical, electrical and chemical properties with low production costs and blue light emission. In this work ZnO QDs were successfully doped with europium in order to obtain a tunable emission luminescence from blue emission of ZnO to red emission of europium as a function of wavelength excitation. Results show an efficient blue to red tuning when the excitation wavelength was changed from 317 nm to 395 nm, respectively. This opens the possibility of having new optical devices to produce different color emission using the same material.

Effects of different light conditions on repair of UV-B-induced damage in carpospores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm

We evaluated the effects of ultraviolet-B （UV-B） radiation and different light conditions on the repair of UV-B-induced damage in carpospores of Chondrus ocellatus Holm （Rhodophyta） in laboratory experiments. Carpospores were treated daily with different doses of UV-B radiation for 48 days, when vertical branches had formed in all treatments; after each daily treatment, the carpospores were subjected to photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）, darkness, red light, or blue light during a 2-h repair stage. Carpospore diameters were measured every 4 days. We measured the growth and cellular contents of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers （CPDs）, chlorophyll a, phycoerythrin, and UV-B-absorbing mycosporine-like amino acids （MAAs） in carpospores on Day 48. Low doses of UV-B radiation （36 and 72 J/m2） accelerated the growth of C. ocellatus. However, as the amount of UV-B radiation increased, the growth rate decreased and morphological changes occurred. UV-B radiation significant damaged DNA and photosynthetic pigments and induced three kind of MAAs, palythine, asterina-330, and shinorine. PAR conditions were best for repairing UV-B-induced damage. Darkness promoted the activity of the DNA dark- repair mechanism. Red light enhanced phycoerythrin synthesis but inhibited light repair of DNA. Although blue light, increased the activity of DNA photolyase, greatly improving remediation efficiency, the growth and development of C. ocellatus earpospores were slower than in other light treatments.

Study of Plant Cultivation Using a Light-Emitting Diode Illumination System to Control the Spectral Irradiance Distribution

In plant cultivation, the number of photons is more important than the light energy from the chemical reactions that occur during photosynthesis. In addition, the blue and red photon flux (B/R) ratio is an important parameter for plant cultivation. Here we discuss the effect of the spectral irradiance distribution and the B/R ratio on plant cultivation. We cultivated lettuce seedlings, Lactuca sativa L. Cv. Okayama, using a light-emitting diode illumination system that can precisely control the spectral irradiance distribution and B/R ratio. The B/R ratio varied from 0.36 to 2.06 according to the intensity of the blue light when the photosynthetic photon flux density values were sufficient to ensure the 150 - 200?μmol⋅m−2⋅s−1.?High photon flux densities of blue light result in reduced plant length, plant height, and leaf area, thereby suggesting its role in the suppression of leaf growth. Therefore, we conclude that a lower photon flux of blue light (B/R Ratio) is optimal for lettuce cultivation.

自拟痤疮饮联合红蓝光和火针治疗面部中重度痤疮及对外周血炎症因子IL-17、IL-18、IFN-γ的影响

目的:分析自拟痤疮饮联合红蓝光照射与火针疗法治疗面部中重度痤疮的临床疗效,并进一步探讨其可能的作用机制。方法:选取2020年8月-2022年6月到笔者医院皮肤科就诊的99例面部中重度痤疮患者,通过随机数字表法分组,予以自拟痤疮饮联合红蓝光、火针治疗患者为A组(n=33),给予红蓝光联合火针治疗的患者为B组(n=33),予以自拟痤疮饮治疗的患者为C组(n=33),三组均连续治疗3个月。比较三组患者临床应用效果及治疗前后炎性因子、皮损积分。结果:A组治疗总有效率显著高于B组和C组(P<0.05),且皮损积分降低更为显著(P<0.05);治疗后,三组患者的白介素-17(Interleukin-17,IL-17)、白介素-18(Interleukin-18,IL-18)水平均显著下降(P<0.05),干扰素-γ(Interferon-γ,IFN-γ)水平显著上升(P<0.05),其中A组变化最为明显,与B组和C组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组不良事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且均轻微,经对症处理后未影响治疗进程。结论:针对面部中重度痤疮患者的临床治疗,相较于其他常规疗法,自拟痤疮饮联合红蓝光、火针疗法临床疗效显著,可改善患者皮损程度及调节外周血炎症因子水平。

5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法联合胶原贴治疗中、重度痤疮30例临床观察

目的探讨5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法（ALA—PDT）联合胶原贴治疗中、重度痤疮的临床疗效和安全性。方法将入选的61例中、重度痤疮患者随机分为两组，治疗组（30例）予ALA—PDT联合胶原贴治疗，每7—10d1次，共治疗3—4次；对照组（31例）予红蓝光照射联合胶原贴治疗，2次／周，共治疗6—8次。治疗结束后判定疗效和安全性。结果治疗组有效率为83．33％，对照组为29．03％，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。在治疗过程中，两组均未见不良反应。结论ALA—PDT联合胶原贴治疗中、重度痤疮较红蓝光联合胶原贴治疗的疗效好。安全性高。

复方木尼孜其颗粒联合红-蓝光治疗面部脂溢性皮炎的疗效观察

目的:探讨复方木尼孜其颗粒联合红-蓝光治疗面部脂溢性皮炎的临床效果.方法:将160例脂溢性皮炎患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,每组80例,治疗组采用复方木尼孜其颗粒联合红-蓝光治疗,对照组单口服复方木尼孜其颗粒,研究分析其治疗效果.结果:治疗组用药后2、4及6周的痊愈率分别为6.25%、37.5%、63.75%,总有效率分别为15%、67.5%、92.5%,对照组用药后2、4及6周的痊愈率分别为2.5%、11.25%、37.5%,总有效率分别为7.5%、30%、65%,比较两组之间痊愈率及总有效率均有显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:复方木尼孜其颗粒联合红-蓝光治疗面部脂溢性皮炎疗效较好,无明显副作用,是治疗面部脂溢性皮炎较好的方法之一.

红-蓝光治疗仪联合治疗寻常痤疮疗效观察

目的:观察红-蓝光联合治疗痤疮患者的临床疗效。方法:将64例痤疮患者随机分成2个治疗组:①单纯蓝光照射组(n=36);②红蓝光混合照射组(n=28)。采取连续4周,每周2次发光二极管为基础的痤疮治疗仪照射。轻度患者治疗一个疗程,中、重度痤疮患者连续治疗1～3个疗程。结果:经过系统治疗后,痤疮皮损均有所减轻。两组总有效率无显著差别(分别为80.5%及89.3%,P=0.514)。显效率比较,红蓝光混合照射可达35.7%,远远高于单纯蓝光照射组(8.3%)(P=0.008)。重度痤疮较中度痤疮有更为明显的反应,且副作用很小,使用蓝光对炎症反应可产生效果,配合红光疗效优于单独使用,无明显的副作用。结论:红-蓝光联合治疗痤疮可获得理想疗效,适合治疗轻、重度痤疮患者。

红蓝光联合治疗对寻常痤疮患者血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平的影响

目的:探讨红蓝光照射对寻常痤疮患者外周血IL-1、IL-6、IL-8表达的影响及其作用机制。方法:95例寻常痤疮患者随机分为实验组53例和对照组42例,实验组采用红蓝光联合异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗,对照组采用异维A酸红霉素凝胶治疗,另选择24例健康体检者作为健康组,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定寻常痤疮患者治疗前、后和健康体检者外周血中IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平。结果:寻常痤疮患者血清IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平高于健康组(P<0.01),治疗后实验组IL-1、IL-6、IL-8水平较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:红蓝光治疗寻常痤疮患者抑制了IL-1、IL-6、IL-8的表达,从而达到治疗作用。

5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法治疗面部中、重度痤疮疗效分析

目的:观察5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法(5-ALA-PDT)治疗面部中、重度痤疮的疗效和安全性。方法:将患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组:50例,采用5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法治疗,10d治疗1次,共治疗3次;对照组:48例,采用红蓝光痤疮治疗仪治疗,每周照射2次,连用4周。治疗后每2周随访1次,观察疗效及不良反应,共随访8周。结果:治疗2周、4周及8周时,两组有效率比较差异有显著性(P<0.05),治疗组不良反应发生率高于对照组,但均不严重,对症治疗后可逐渐恢复,不影响后续治疗。结论:ALA-PDT是一种安全、高效,值得临床推广应用的中、重度痤疮治疗方法。

含有S,S-二氧-二苯并噻吩和芴酮单元的白光电致发光聚合物的合成与性能

通过Suzuki缩聚反应将发橙红光的2,7-二(2-噻吩基)-9-芴酮(DFT)引入聚芴主链,实现了两元光单分子聚合物白光发射,该聚合物作为发光层的电致发光器件ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK/发光层/CsF/Al的最大流明效率为1.0cd/A,色坐标为(0.41,0.36)。再将S,S-二氧-二苯并噻吩(SO)引入聚合物主链中,其电致发光器件的最大流明效率为3.5cd/A,色坐标为(0.34,0.32);此白光器件表现出优异的光谱稳定性。通过将DFT和SO单元引入聚芴主链,可获得有望应用于固态发光与显示的白光电致发光材料。

Effect of Light Quality on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence in Strawberry Leaves

The photosynthetic characteristics of strawberry (Fragariaananassa Duch. cv. Toyonoka)leaves under illumination of identical light intensity(55-57% natural light) withdifferent light quality were studied. It was showed that the chlorophyll content,maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ(Fv/Fm), Fm/Fo, amount of inactive PSⅡreactioncenters (Fi-Fo) and rate of QA reduction were positively correlated with the red-light/blue-light ratios, but the chlorophyll (a/b) ratios were negatively correlated withthem. Carotenoid content of the leaves was maximum under the blue film, than under greenfilm, red film, white film and yellow film, and negatively correlated with the red/far-red ratios. The apparent quantum yield (AQY), photorespiratory rate (Pr) and carboxylationefficiency (CE) were also strongly affected by light quality. The photosynthetic rate(Pn) in strawberry leaves under green film was significantly lower than under all otherfilm. Our results suggested that light quality is an essential factor regulating thedevelopment of PSⅡ, and phytochrome and an independent blue light photoreceptor,possibly a cryptochrome, can regulate photosynthetic performance.

红蓝光联合中药丹参酮治疗中重度寻常痤疮的疗效及对外周血IL-8和TNF-α表达的影响

目的探讨红蓝光联合中药丹参酮治疗中重度寻常痤疮的临床疗效及对外周血白细胞介素(IL)-8和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平的影响。方法将90例中重度寻常痤疮患者随机分为联合组、对照Ⅰ组、对照Ⅱ组,每组30例。另选30例健康体检者作为健康组。联合组给予红蓝光联合丹参酮治疗,对照Ⅰ组单独给予红蓝光治疗,对照Ⅱ组单独给予丹参酮胶囊口服,同时3组患者皮损处均外用克林霉素磷酸酯凝胶,早晚各1次,疗程均为8周。分别于治疗前和治疗后2,4,8周记录病情积分,同时评价临床疗效;检测对照组及3组痤疮患者治疗前后IL-8和TNF-α的表达水平。结果治疗后,联合组病情积分明显低于对照组Ⅰ组和对照组Ⅱ组(P均<0.01),总有效率明显高于对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组(P均<0.05),对照Ⅰ组和对照Ⅱ组比较差异无统计学意义;联合组IL-8和TNF-α,对照Ⅰ组IL-8,对照Ⅱ组TNF-α水平均较治疗前显著下降(P均<0.05),且与健康组比较差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05);对照Ⅰ组TNF-α及对照Ⅱ组IL-8水平治疗后较治疗前也明显下降(P均<0.01),但仍明显高于健康组(P均<0.01)。结论红蓝光联合丹参酮治疗中重度寻常痤疮安全且有效,其机制可能与下调患者血清中IL-8和TNF-α的表达水平有关。

红蓝光与5-氨基酮戊酸光动力治疗寻常性痤疮疗效比较

目的:比较红蓝光治疗与5-氨基酮戊酸光动力(ALA-PDT)治疗寻常性痤疮的临床疗效。方法:选择2015年1月-2017年10月在笔者科室治疗的64例寻常性痤疮患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析,按照治疗方法不同分组。对照组:32例,使用红蓝光治疗;观察组:32例,采用ALA-PDT治疗。对比两组治疗效果。结果:观察组的疗效优于对照组,两组数据比较有显著性差异,具有统计学意义(z=-2.600,P<0.05);完成治疗后,两组患者的临床症状积分均降低,观察组患者降低的幅度大于对照组,数据差异具有统计学意义(t=25.108,P<0.05),在治疗过程中,两组患者的各类不良反应发生比较,均无统计学意义(χ~2=0.217,0.350,0.736,0.571,0.350,P>0.05),两组患者的复发率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.129,P>0.05)。结论:ALA-PDT治疗寻常性痤疮的疗效略优于红蓝光治疗,但是尚需要大样本量研究证实。

红蓝光治疗特应性皮炎疗效评价及对IL-2、IL-10和IFN-γ表达的影响

目的:评价红蓝光照射治疗特应性皮炎的疗效及对细胞因子IL-2、IL-10和IFN-γ表达的影响。方法:特应性皮炎患者27例进行红蓝光照射,观察疗效并用ELISA检测治疗前后患者细胞因子IL-2、IL-10和IFN-γ浓度的变化。结果:红蓝光治疗总有效率为44.4%。红蓝光照射后与照射前比较,IL-2、IFN-γ升高(P>0.05),IL-10下降(P<0.05)。结论:红蓝光照射对特应性皮炎患者有一定的临床疗效,调控细胞因子表达可能是红蓝光照射治疗特应性皮炎的机制之一。

3.6% 5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法对中重度痤疮的疗效

目的探究3.6%5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法对中重度痤疮的治疗效果。方法选取2014年10月—2018年10月期间于笔者单位治疗中重度痤疮的80例患者作为研究对象,以随机数字法将所有患者分入对照组(40例)与研究组(40例)。其中对照组采取红蓝光+中药治疗,研究组采取3.6%5-氨基酮戊酸光动力+中药治疗。比较两组研究对象的治疗效果和不良反应率。结果研究组治疗总有效率为92.5%(37/40),对照组治疗总有效率为72.5%(29/40),研究组不良反应率为2.5%(1/40),对照组不良反应率为17.5%(7/40),两组进行治疗效果和不良反应率的比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论3.6%5-氨基酮戊酸光动力疗法治疗中重度痤疮疗效显著且安全性高。