Revolutionary entrapment model of uniformly distributed swarm robots in morphogenetic formation

This study proposes a method for uniformly revolving swarm robots to entrap multiple targets,which is based on a gene regulatory network,an adaptive decision mechanism,and an improved Vicsek-model.Using the gene regulatory network method,the robots can generate entrapping patterns according to the environmental input,including the positions of the targets and obstacles.Next,an adaptive decision mechanism is proposed,allowing each robot to choose the most well-adapted capture point on the pattern,based on its environment.The robots employ an improved Vicsek-model to maneuver to the planned capture point smoothly,without colliding with other robots or obstacles.The proposed decision mechanism,combined with the improved Vicsek-model,can form a uniform entrapment shape and create a revolving effect around targets while entrapping them.This study also enables swarm robots,with an adaptive pattern formation,to entrap multiple targets in complex environments.Swarm robots can be deployed in the military field of unmanned aerial vehicles’(UAVs)entrapping multiple targets.Simulation experiments demonstrate the feasibility and superiority of the proposed gene regulatory network method.

Characterization of Wnt genes in Argopecten scallops and their involvement in response to different temperature stresses in“Bohai Red”scallops

As“Bohai Red”scallops were originated from the hybrids between the Peruvian scallop(Argopecten purpuratus)and the bay scallop(Argopecten irradians)northern subspecies(Argopecten irradians irradians).Twelve Wnt members were identified from the two subspecies of bay scallop,and 13 Wnt genes were found in the genome of the Peruvian scallop.Protein structure analyses showed that most Wnt genes poses all 5 conserved motifs except Wnt1,Wnt2,Wnt6,and Wnt9 in the bay scallops and Wnt2 and Wnt9 in the Peruvian scallop.Unexpectedly,Wnt8 gene was present while Wnt3 was absent in both the bay scallops and the Peruvian scallop.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Wnt3 might have disappeared in the early evolution of mollusks.The expression profile of Wnt genes in the“Bohai Red”exposed to different temperatures was examined by qRT-PCR.Results show that expression of Wnt genes responded differentially to temperature changes.The Wnt genes such as Wnt1,Wnt6,Wnt7,Wnt11,and WntA that responded slowly to low and high temperature stresses may be related to the maintenance of basic homeostasis.Other Wnt genes such as Wnt4,Wnt9,Wnt5,and Wnt2 that responded rapidly to low temperature may play an important role in organismal protection against low temperature stress.And yet some Wnt genes including Wnt10,Wnt16,and Wnt8 that responded quickly to high temperature stress may play key roles in response to high temperature stress.The results provide new insights into the evolution and function of Wnt genes in bivalves and eventually benefit culture of“Bohai Red”scallops.

Identification of sika deer and red deer using partial cytochrome b and 12s ribosomal RNA genes

A study was conducted on the identifications of the degraded samples of sika deer （Cervus nippon） and red deer （Cervus elaphus） by phylogenetic and nucleotide distance analysis of partial Cytb and 12s rRNA genes sequences. 402 bp Cytb genes were achieved by PCR-sequencing using DNA extracted from 8 case samples, and contrasted with 27 sequences of Cytb gene downloaded from GenBank database. The values of three nucleotide distance between three suspected samples and sika deer were identical （0.026±0.006）, which was smaller than the smallest nucleotide distance between eastern red deer and sika deer （0.036）. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of sika deer and red deer indicated that the evidences located within the same cluster as sika deer. The evidences were sika deer materials. As the same way, other three suspected samples were derived from red deer. The results were further confirmed by phylogenetic and nucleotide distance analysis of 387 bp 12s rRNA gene. The method was powerful and less time-consuming and helpful to reduce the related cases with wildlife.

The Restoring Ability of Normal Indica Red Rice Ruby and Its Restoring Gene Mapping

[Objective] This study was to investigate the restoring ability of normal indica red rice Ruby and to carry out its restoring gene mapping. [Method] Normal indica red rice Ruby was hybridized with the sterile lines Zhenxian 97A, D62A, G46A and D702A to prepare their F1, BC1 and F2 progenies, and the pollen fertilities of these progenies were investigated. Meanwhile the restoring genes were mapped using SSLP. [ Result] For the sterile lines tested, Ruby has a gene to restore their fertilities. This gene is located on the chromosome 7 and shows a genetic distance of 7.4 cM with RM182. Unlike the clustering distribution of the restoring genes on chromosome 10, it is a specific restoring gene. [ Conclusion] it is feasible to breed restoring genes controlling red color characters via transgene and backcross.

Genetic Analysis and Molecular Mapping of Light-Sensitive Red-Root Mutant in Rice

The light-sensitive red-root mutant, designated as HG1, was newly observed from an indica rice variety, Nankinkodo, when seedlings were grown with roots exposed to natural light. The root color of the mutant began to turn slight-red when the roots were exposed to the light at the intensity of 29 ）Jmol/（m^2·s）, then turned dark-red at the light intensity of 180 pmol/（m^2·s）, suggesting that the root color of the mutant was evidently sensitive to light. Furthermore, genetic analysis showed that the character of light-sensitive red-root of the HG1 mutant was controlled by a single dominant gene, tentatively designated as Lsr. With simple sequence repeat markers, Lsrgene was located between the markers RM252 and RM303 on chromosome 4 with the genetic distances of 9.8 cM and 6.4 cM, respectively. These results could be useful for fine mapping and cloning of Lsrgene in rice.

RT-qPCR normalization of reference genes in different lifehistory stages of Gracilaria vermiculophylla(Rhodophyta)

The quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)is a powerful and sensitive method to measure expression of targeted gene but it highly relies on the use of suitable reference genes for data normalization.We evaluated the expressions of 8 housekeeping genes:18S ribosomal rDNA(18S rDNA),28S ribosomal r DNA(28S rDNA),rubisco large subunit(rbc-L),β-actin(ACT),glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH),elongation factor 1(EF1),β-tubulin(Tub B),and P-phycoerythrin B(PEB),to select the suitable reference genes for different life-history stages(tetrasporophyte,carposporophyte,and male/female gametophyte)of Gracilaria vermiculophylla by absolute quantitative method.Softwares geNorm and BestKeeper were used to verify the results acquired from copy number analysis.Results show that the expression of identified reference genes varied in comparing groups composed of different type of life stages.It is suggested that 18S rDNA and TubB could be used for highly complex samples composed of mixed ploidy and phases.18S rDNA and 28S rDNA were also preferred for using among the matured isomorphic samples.But for samples with different maturities,TubB and ACT were recommended for tetrasporophytes and gametophytes respectively.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Epibacterial Communities on the Surfaces of Four Red Macroalgae

Macroalgal surfaces are prone to being attached by bacteria. Epibacterial community structures on marine macroalgae are host-specific but temporally and spatially variable. In this study, we investigated the structure of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gloiopeltisfurcata, Mazzaella sp. and Porphyra yezoensis, by analyzing the sequences of 16S rRNA gene libraries. Healthy individuals of all macroalgae species were collected in winter from a farm at Dalian, China. The results showed that the epibacterial communities were mainly dominated by ct-Proteobacteria, 7-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochaetes and e-Proteobacteria were also found. The majority of cloned sequences shared the greatest similarity to those of culturable organisms. A large portion of sequences from the ct-Proteobacteria homed in Roseobacter clade, i.e., genera Ahrensia, Roseovarius, Litoreibacter, Octadecabacter, Thaiassobacter and Sulfitobacter, while members of Bacteroidetes mainly belonged to family Flavobacteriaceae. The cloned sequences could be separated into 66 OTUs at 0.01 distance value, and rare common OTUs were found among libraries. At genus level, Pseudoa#eromonas dominated Gr. lemaneiformis and GI. furcata libraries, accounting for 72.2% and 47.3%, respectively. Sulfitobacter dominated P. yezoensis library, accounting for 35.4%. A previously undefined cluster within Deinococcus-Thermus dominated Mazzaella sp. library, accounting for 24.6% of the all. These results indicated that a broad range of bacteria inhabited the surfaces of these macroalgae.

Close Association between 4685 Loci on CAPN1 Gene and Meat Tenderness

[Objective] The paper was to explore the impact of 4685 loci on CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle on meat tenderness. [Method] The 4685 loci in 14th intron region of CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle was conducted analysis of gene polymorphism and meat tenderness by PCR-RFLP technology, and the effect of the loci on Jilin local cattle breeds was verified. [Result] The loci had close relationship with related detection indices of meat tenderness （cooking loss, muscle fibre diameter, shear force and drip loss）, and the existence of T allele could significantly increase the tenderness level of in- dividuals, but the loci was not associated to pH value. 4685 loci was not associated to carcass traits （carcass weight, net meat weight and carcass yield ratio）, which only had certain correlation with eye muscle area. [Conclusion] The 4685 loci on CAPN1 gene of Yanbian yellow cattle and red steppe cattle had close association with meat tenderness.

Cloning, characterization, and expression of Cytochrome b (Cytb)——a key mitochondrial gene from Prorocentrum donghaiense

Mitochondrial cytochrome b （Cytb）, one of the few proteins encoded by the mitochondrial DNA, plays an important role in transferring electrons. As a mitochondrial gene, it has been widely used for phylogenetic analysis. Previously, a 949-bp fragment of the coding gene and mRNA editing were characterized from Prorocentrum donghaiense, which might prove useful for resolving P. donghaiense from closely related species. However, the full-length coding region has not been characterized. Ih this study, we used rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） to obtain full-length, 1 124 bp cDNA. Cytb transcript contained a standard initiation codon ATG, but did not have a recognizable stop codon. Homology comparison showed that the P. donghaiense Cytb had a high sequence identity to Cytb sequences from other dinoflagellate species. Phylogenetic analysis placed Cytb from P. donghaiense in the clade of dinoflagellates and it clustered together strongly with that from P. minimum. Based on the full-length sequence, we inferred 32 editing events at different positions, accounting for 2.93% of the Cytb gene. 34.4% （11） of the changes were A to G, 25% （8） were T to C, and 25% （8） were C to U, with smaller proportions of G to C and G to A edits （9.4% （3） and 6.2% （2）, respectively）. The expression level of the Cytb transcript was quantified by real-time PCR with a TaqMan probe at different times during the whole growth phase. The average Cytb transcript was present at 39.277.46 copies of cDNA per cell during the whole growth cycle, and the expression of Cytb was relatively stable over the different phases. These results deepen our understanding of the structure and characteristics of Cytb in P. donghaiense, and confirmed that Cytb in P. donghaiense is a candidate reference gene for studying the expression of other genes.

Cloning and Characterization of karmoisin Homologue Gene(Nlka) in Two Brown Planthopper Strains with Different Eye Colors

The brown planthopper （BPH）, Nilaparvata lugens, is a destructive insect pest of rice throughout Asia. Different from brown-eye color wild type, BPH also has red-eye color mutation phenotype. As a visible genetic marker, the red-eye mutant in BPH is a valuable material. To reveal the eye color mutation mechanism, a karmoisin homologue gene （named as Nlka） was cloned from BPH. And karmoisin is always deemd as a xanthommatin-related gene in other insects, encoding phenoxazinone synthetase （PHS）. Nlka is consisted of 7 exons and encodes a protein with 502 amino acids （NIKA）. NIKA showed high amino acid identities with its insect homologues （48.8%-51.8%）. Nlka transcripts can be detected at all the developmental stages and in all tissues tested, including egg, nymph, adult, body wall, ovary, fat body, midgut and Malpighian tubule. However, no constant In/Del or non-synonymous mutation was observed between the mutant and the wild type strains. Quantitative real-time PCR experiment also showed that Nlka transcript level had no significant differences between them. These results indicated that Nlka is not the target gene causing the red-eye color mutation phenotype of BPH. Through the second structure and motif analysis, the present study also showed that all the proteins deduced from the karmoisin genes in insects may be members of monocarboxylate transporters （MCTs） rather than PHSs.

Allele Types of Rc Gene of Weedy Rice from Jiangsu Province, China

Weedy rice （Oryza sativa f. spontanea）, the predominant type of which has a red pericarp, seriously inhibits growth and yield of direct-seeded rice in Jiangsu Province, China. In this study, we randomly selected 10 weedy rice accessions from 10 plots in Jiangsu, and then sequenced the full lengths of their Rc genes （approximately 6.4 kb）. In addition, we collected 166 different full-length Rc genes in the Oryza genus from the literature and from GenBank. A collinearity sequence analysis showed that the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu all had the same wild-type allele of the Rc gene. Single nucleotide polymorphisms indicated that the nucleotide polymorphisms （π= 0.19） and the proportion of segregation sites （ew = 0.28） of the Rc genes in the 10 weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were higher than those in 56 weedy rice accessions from USA （π = 0.09 and θw = 0.07）. Haplotype and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Rc genes of weedy rice accessions from Jiangsu were not revertants of the rc gene found in Asian cultivated rice （O. sativa） varieties with white pericarp. In addition, Rc gene sequences of the rice varieties Lvdao from Lianyungang, Jiangsu and Tangdao from Anhui were more similar to those of cultivated rice than to the weedy rice from Jiangsu. These findings support the continued quarantine of weedy rice and clarify the evolutionary mechanism of the red pericarp found in the weedy rice of Jiangsu.

一种利用λRed重组技术在杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因组添加标签的方法

在杀鱼爱德华氏菌病原学研究中,在动物中制备杀鱼爱德华氏菌蛋白抗体耗时长,且获得的多克隆或多肽抗体在宿主细胞中特异性差,背景信号强。为解决这一问题,对在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)和沙门氏菌(Salmonella)中建立起来的λRed基因编辑方法进行调整和优化,建立了在杀鱼爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella piscicida)基因组基因上添加HA标签序列的方法,为使用标签抗体研究杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因功能提供便利。λRed重组系统利用同源线性DNA片段与基因组DNA进行重组。即以质粒pSU315为模板,在引物上引入目的基因的特异性序列,扩增FRT序列和抗生素抗性基因;以获得的PCR产物转化携带pKD46的杀鱼爱德华氏菌,在pKD46表达的λ噬菌体的3个重组蛋白(Exo、Beta和Gam)作用下,PCR产物与杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因组发生同源重组,获得引入了抗生素抗性的靶基因缺失或靶基因携带标签序列的菌株;接着利用pKD46的温敏型特性,消除引入的pKD46;最后向杀鱼爱德华氏菌引入文章构建的表达Flp重组酶的质粒pKD46-flp,在FLP作用下,两个FRT位点之间发生重组,消除抗生素抗性基因和一个FRT位点,获得携带一个FRT位点序列、靶基因缺失或靶基因添加标签序列的杀鱼爱德华氏菌菌株。该遗传操作平台的建立为杀鱼爱德华氏菌基因功能研究提供便利条件,亦为其他水产病原细菌遗传操作方法的建立提供借鉴。

Construction of Expression Vector Capable of Excising Selectable Marker Gene

[ Objective] This study was to construct an expression vector capable of excising selectable marker gene, further eliminating the effect of marker gene on the functional study of target gene. [ Method] By using Cre/LoxP site-specific recombination system, DsRed2-1 vector was modified by introducing LoxP se- quence and multiple cloning site sequence, then the TK gene was ligated into this vector for negative selection. [ Results] The fragments introduced were recom- bined at the molecular level under induced condition, and the specific red fluorescence was also observed in the recombinant vector transfected cells at the cellular level. [ Conclusion] It is feasible to use this Cre/loxP system to excise marker genes, showing a broad application prospect.

Expression of B Locus Beta 2 (<i>BLB2</i>) Gene at Cytolytic and Latent Immune Response Stages of Immunocompetence in Nigerian Indigenous Chickens

An economically-important trait in poultry for which gene identification continues to be a challenge is immune response. The objective of the study was to quantitate the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II BLB2 gene at cytolytic and latent immune response stages in Nigerian indigenous chickens. A total of 108 Nigerian indigenous chickens (NIC) were sourced across the South-western states in Nigeria. The birds were inoculated with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), after which blood samples were obtained (5 days post-inoculation) and antibody haemagglutination test was carried out to place the birds into groups of high and low antibody titre levels. The categorisation of the birds resulted in six groups of normal feather high, normal feather low, naked neck high, naked neck low, frizzle feather high and frizzle feather low antibody groups. A total of 48 chicks were selected from the progeny for gene expression studies. Surgical excision of thymus and spleen was carried out for the detection of cytolytic and latent responses of the birds. β-actin was used as the endogenous control and the critical threshold method (2–ΔΔCт) was carried out for the determination of fold change. The fold change of spleen tissue expression at cytolytic immune response of the birds was 30,362.44 compared to latent response 294.07;and the fold change of thymus expression at cytolytic immune response of the birds was 51.98 compared to latent response 5.24. At both cytolytic and latent stages of immune response to SRBC antigen, BLB2 expression in the spleen was comparatively higher than in the thymus and the height of transcriptional activity was associated with the cytolytic stage. The birds of high titre at both the cytolytic and the latent responses had higher mRNA expression. This study concluded that BLB2 gene expression in the Nigerian indigenous chicken was induced at the cytolytic stage and repressed at the latent stage. During avian infections, the category of high immune response birds would perform better than the low immune response counterpart;and the protective response that BLB2 gene offers will be repressed from one time point to the other.

新时期高校设计专业中课程思政的施策应用

在高校日常专业教学中开展课程思政建设是高等院校立德树人的迫切需求和重要任务。作为新时代高等院校针对专业与学生的特性,应注重在课程教学中融合思政内容,同时在日常的课余活动中注重学生观念品德、行为举止上的引导。文章通过课程案例实践,提出营造课堂、课余沉浸式课程思政教育新模式,使学校全方位育人功能常态化,为更好地培养符合社会主义事业需求的应用型人才提供有效参考。

新时代大学生传承红色基因长效机制探赜

红色基因是中国共产党人领导中国人民在实践中不断奋进和积淀而形成的精神财富,具有无产阶级性、民族性、稳定性、历史性、实践性等特征.面对世界百年未有之大变局,各种思想文化的交流交融交锋更加频繁,新时代大学生传承红色基因面临异化风险.政府、社会、高校应遵循思想文化传播规律,协同构建完善红色基因的遗存保护利用机制、教育养成机制、传播机制、践行机制,强化新时代大学生对红色基因的身份认同、政治认同、价值认同、情感认同,推动其将红色基因转化为内心的坚守和积极的行动表达.

红鲫胚胎发育过程中Sox8基因对壬基酚胁迫的响应

【目的】明确红鲫SRY相关高迁移率族盒蛋白8基因(Sox8)表达模式及壬基酚(NP)暴露对红鲫胚胎发育过程中Sox8基因表达的影响,为揭示NP胁迫下红鲫胚胎发育畸形的分子机制提供科学依据。【方法】运用RACE克隆红鲫Sox8基因cDNA全长序列,通过ProtParam、ProtScale、InterPro、PredictProtein、DeepTMHMM等在线软件进行生物信息学分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR检测红鲫Sox8基因在各成体组织及不同胚胎发育阶段的表达情况,以及不同浓度NP暴露对红鲫胚胎期Sox8基因表达的影响。【结果】红鲫Sox8基因c DNA序列全长2163 bp,其开放阅读框(ORF)1176bp,共编码391个氨基酸残基;红鲫SOX8蛋白相对分子量为43798.30Da,理论等电点(pI)为6.90,脂溶指数为49.92,不稳定指数为66.04,总平均亲水性指数(GRAVY)为-1.026,其N端含有Sox_N二聚化结构域和HMG-box结构域;基于SOX8氨基酸序列相似性构建的系统发育进化树显示红鲫与鲫的亲缘关系最近。红鲫Sox8基因在各成体组织中广泛表达,以脑组织中的Sox8基因相对表达量最高,显著高于其他组织(P<0.05,下同);在红鲫胚胎发育过程中,Sox8基因的表达从受精后到14体节期呈逐渐下降趋势,但从21体节期开始Sox8基因相对表达量显著增高,直到孵化期始终维持在较高水平。在大多数情况下,NP暴露能显著影响红鲫胚胎发育过程中Sox8基因的表达,特别是14体节期后的发育阶段,NP暴露主要是不同程度地激活Sox8基因表达。【结论】Sox8基因表达在红鲫成体中具有组织特异性,且在胚胎发育过程中呈先降低后升高的变化趋势。NP暴露能显著影响红鲫胚胎发育过程中Sox8基因的表达,14体节期后Sox8基因表达水平升高可能是NP致畸红鲫胚胎的重要原因之一。

宜春红色基因融入医学专业“课程思政”路径研究——以宜春学院为例

宜春红色基因是中国共产党领导人民历经百年艰苦卓绝的奋斗传承下来的、带有宜春地域特色的宝贵精神财富,蕴含了中国革命和建设的精神力量,为开展大学生思想政治教育提供了良好的素材。采取有效路径将宜春红色基因融入医学专业“课程思政”之中,有利于传承红色基因,指导学生树立正确的人生观和价值观,激发学生民族自豪感和爱国热情,提高学生的人文素养和职业道德,对于培养爱党爱国、德才兼备的有温度的高素质医学人才具有重要意义。

新农科背景下基础化学实验课程红色基因挖掘与探索——以甘肃农业大学为例

新农科背景下开展课程思政对农林院校人才培养提出了新的挑战,课程中红色基因的挖掘是落实立德树人任务的重要环节.甘肃农业大学省级基础化学实验教学示范中心全面贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,落实立德树人根本任务,充分提炼基础化学实验课程的红色基因,全面构建了人物、时间和空间“三维一体”的基础化学实验红色基因课程思政体系.结果表明:通过红色基因课程思政体系的实施,有效提高了学生的学习兴趣,促使学生在实践中将红色基因内化成理想信念,实现学做结合与知行合一.

不同波长LEDs光源对苦荞芽菜生长、生物活性物积累及抗氧化活性的影响

为探究不同波长LEDs光源对苦荞芽菜生长的影响,本研究以黑暗(D)作对照,采用单色红(R)、蓝(B)、绿(G)光源培养苦荞芽菜,收获后分别测定其形态指标、生物活性物积累量、类黄酮合成关键基因表达量及抗氧化活性指标,结果表明:B处理的苦荞芽菜下胚轴呈深红色,伸长生长受到强烈抑制,花青素、总黄酮及总酚积累量均最高,分别是D的7.18、2.96和2.49倍;R处理的下胚轴呈浅粉色,上述3种生物活性物积累量分别是对照的2.56、1.68和1.40倍;G处理的下胚轴伸长与R相似,外观呈透明白色,生物活性物积累量与对照无显著差异。B和R均强烈诱导类黄酮生物合成通路上关键结构基因表达,显著增加苦荞芽菜下胚轴抗氧化活性。此外,各单色光处理均未显著影响苦荞芽菜可食用部位的鲜重。由此可见,红、蓝LEDs光源可显著影响苦荞芽菜形态生长,并增加其生物活性物积累及抗氧化能力,以蓝光最佳。