[Objective] This study aimed to identify red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits and explore the correlation between pigment content and total saponins of the fruits. [Method] The red pigment of Panax notoginseng frui...[Objective] This study aimed to identify red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits and explore the correlation between pigment content and total saponins of the fruits. [Method] The red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits was preliminarily identi- fied with specific color reactions and UV-vis spectra, and the contents of the pigment and total saponins were determined via spectrophotometry. [Result] The red hues of the fruits were contributed by anthocyanins and/or the anthocyanidins. The contents of anthocyanins and total saponins of the fruits both decreased along with thinning of the red hues. The content difference of the anthocyanins in fruits with different red hues reached extremely significant level, but that of total saponins just reached significant level. [Conclusion] The red pigment of P. notoginseng fruits is anthocyanins which are of extremely significant positive correlation with total saponins in contents.展开更多
This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation.An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1 wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained.A centrifug...This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation.An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1 wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained.A centrifugal concentrator served as the deep purification equipment for the preparation of iron oxide red pigments, and its optimal rotating drum speed, feed concentration, and other conditions were determined.Under optimal conditions, a high-purity iron oxide concentrate with a grade of 69.38 wt% and a recovery rate of 80.89% were obtained and used as a raw material for preparing iron oxide red pigment.Calcining with sulfuric acid produced iron red pigments with different hues.Simultaneously, middlings with a grade of 60.20 wt% and a recovery rate of 17.51% were obtained and could be used in blast furnace ironmaking.High-value utilization of specularite beneficiation products was thus achieved.展开更多
Cadmium sulphoselenide was synthesized continuous substitution solid solution and the only known pigment to yield bright red color on ceramic decoration. Encapsulated cadmium sulphoselenide pigments could yield abunda...Cadmium sulphoselenide was synthesized continuous substitution solid solution and the only known pigment to yield bright red color on ceramic decoration. Encapsulated cadmium sulphoselenide pigments could yield abundant hues from yellow to red with high opacity at high temperature. The color generation has a linear function relation with the substitution rate. The encapsulation formation process of zirconium silicate encapsulated cadmium sulphoselenide was shown. Insuffi cient encapsulation effi ciency and potential hazard to human and environment had limited the industrial application of cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment. Ink-jet printing decoration required fi ne size cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment on ceramic decoration. The review mainly focused on the synthesis techniques and industrial application of cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment.展开更多
SiO2 coated Ce2S3 red pigment was prepared in ethanol/H2O system via sol-gel method and TEOS were used as silica sources. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy...SiO2 coated Ce2S3 red pigment was prepared in ethanol/H2O system via sol-gel method and TEOS were used as silica sources. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), UV-visible spectro-photometer and automatic colorimeter were used to investigate the properties of the samples. The results showed that the compact SiO2 film formed on the surface of Ce2S3 pigment at a cerium silicon molar ratio of 2. The thermal stability temperature of Ce2S3 pigment was improved to 450 oC after SiO2 coating. In addition, the color of Ce2S3 pigment was not affected significantly through coating colorless and transparent SiO2 and it could be used as safe red pigment in higher temperature fields.展开更多
Novel environmentally friendly inorganic red pigments based on calcium bismuth oxide Ca3(Bi1-xREx)8O15(0≤x≤0.09;RE=Sc^(3+),Er^(3+),Y^(3+),Ho^(3+)and Dy^(3+)),were successfully synthesized and the color properties we...Novel environmentally friendly inorganic red pigments based on calcium bismuth oxide Ca3(Bi1-xREx)8O15(0≤x≤0.09;RE=Sc^(3+),Er^(3+),Y^(3+),Ho^(3+)and Dy^(3+)),were successfully synthesized and the color properties were characterized.The color of these pigments depended on the composition and the synthesis condition,and the most vivid red color was obtained for the Ca3(Bi0.93Y0.07)8O15 sample calcined thrice at 800℃for 2 h.The L*and a*values corresponding to brightness and red chromaticity for this pigment were 45.6 and+30.6,respectively,which were greater than those of a commercially available Fe2O3 pigment(L^(*)=38.4,a^(*)=+29.5).Since the present pigment is composed of nontoxic and safe elements,it should be an attractive alternative to the conventional Fe2O3 pigment.展开更多
In this paper,a Sr^2+and Dy^3+co-doped γ-Ce2S3 red pigment was synthesized via a combination of coprecipitation and sulfurization processes.Mixed oxide was prepared by presintering the coprecipitates,(Ce,Sr,Dy)CO3,fo...In this paper,a Sr^2+and Dy^3+co-doped γ-Ce2S3 red pigment was synthesized via a combination of coprecipitation and sulfurization processes.Mixed oxide was prepared by presintering the coprecipitates,(Ce,Sr,Dy)CO3,followed by high-temperature sulfurization under a CS2 atmosphere.The effects of the sulfurization temperature,time,and doped proportion on the phase composition,color performance and temperature stability of γ-Ce2S3 were systematically studied.The results show that a stable γ-Ce2S3 red pigment can be obtained through Sr^2+and Dy^3+co-doping at 730℃ for 200 min.The diffraction peaks of all the samples shift to higher 2θ values with increasing doping proportion,indicating that part of the Dy^3+species enter the lattice and form a solid solution.The band gap of the samples remains practically constant at 2.01-2.04 eV,which causes their red color.The best red-color quality(L*=37.13,a*=34.77,b*=29.44) is achieved when the pigment has a Dy^3+/Ce^3+molar ratio of 0.15,and the material maintains its excellent red color(L*=31.49 a*=30.94 b*=25.33) after being heated at 410℃ for 30 min.展开更多
Over the past years a kind of red organic pigment was found in various strata in Chi-na. Recently, the authors have discovered the similar red pigment in a large-scale sil-ver deposit hosted in the Sinian black shale,...Over the past years a kind of red organic pigment was found in various strata in Chi-na. Recently, the authors have discovered the similar red pigment in a large-scale sil-ver deposit hosted in the Sinian black shale, and confirmed that the pigment is an展开更多
The red ceramic pigment is widely used in industrial production, but the pigments with pure color and bright red performance are rare. Therefore, it is important to study and develop new red ceramic pigment with perfe...The red ceramic pigment is widely used in industrial production, but the pigments with pure color and bright red performance are rare. Therefore, it is important to study and develop new red ceramic pigment with perfect color performance. This paper reports the preparation of Cr-doped YAlO_3 red ceramic pigment rendering by sol-gel method with high temperature resistance, good color and proposed color mechanism. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and UV-vis, and the effects of Cr on the crystal structure, color rendering properties and color mechanism were discussed. The results showed that the optimum concentration of coloring agent(Cr) in Cr:YAlO_3 red ceramic pigment was 3 at.%. The main color mechanism was also discussed. Compared with the solid phase sintering and precipitation methods for the synthesis of red ceramic pigment, the sol-gel method possessed obvious advantages, such as perfect mixing of the raw materials, uniform dispersion of doping ions and the pure color.展开更多
A high-efficiency synthesis method for a latent pigment of red pigment diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (Pig. Red 272:272DPP), which is important as a functional organic pigment, was investigated, and the investigation results ...A high-efficiency synthesis method for a latent pigment of red pigment diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (Pig. Red 272:272DPP), which is important as a functional organic pigment, was investigated, and the investigation results revealed that irradiation of microwaves (MWs) for several seconds to 272 DPP in NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) solvent yielded DPP latent pigment (272DPP-BOC) at a high yield of 86.2%. Two kinds of latent-pigment crystals, namely, red and yellow, were obtained by recrystallization, and it was found that the fluorescence-emission properties of the two kinds differ significantly. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis showed that the difference in the fluorescence-emission properties of the two types is derived from the difference in their crystal structures.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to isolate a prodigiosin producing strain and study its pigment fractions.[Method] Red pigment-producing bacteria was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics after isolation...[Objective] The aim was to isolate a prodigiosin producing strain and study its pigment fractions.[Method] Red pigment-producing bacteria was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics after isolation in plate.By using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography,pigment fractions were separated and purified from the extractives of the strain after fermentation in flask,and then pigment fractions were analyzed via UV-Vis and LC/MS.[Result] A red pigment-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 sampled from soil of Nanchang was isolated and identified.2 pigment fractions showing similar UV-Vis and LC/MS characters were separated and purified,the characters of fraction 1 were identical to those of prodigiosin,while fraction 2 showed a special UV-Vis absorption spectrum that had not been reported.[Conclusion] A prodigiosin-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 and its 2 pigment fractions were isolated.展开更多
The stability was studied of the pigment in red pulp plum (Prunus salicina Lindl). The results showed that the pigment had a high resistance to heat and it′s stability seemed to be affected greatly by pH, and red pu...The stability was studied of the pigment in red pulp plum (Prunus salicina Lindl). The results showed that the pigment had a high resistance to heat and it′s stability seemed to be affected greatly by pH, and red pulp plum was suitable to be applied for making acid food. Several kinds of metallic ions including Na + 、Zn 2+ had an effect of reinforcement on its tone, however Fe 3+ had a disruptive effect. Sucrose had no undesirable effect, but vitamin C had a significant undesirable effect. Also the preservative of sodium benzoate had a definite undesirable effect. The pigment showed strong resistance to reducer sodium sulfite but was very weak in resistance to oxidizer hydrogen peroxide.展开更多
Response surface methodology was used to optimize a medium for a red-pigmented marine bacterium S-9801 strain (Flavobocterium sp.). In the first optimization step the influence of yeast extract, peptone, glucose and...Response surface methodology was used to optimize a medium for a red-pigmented marine bacterium S-9801 strain (Flavobocterium sp.). In the first optimization step the influence of yeast extract, peptone, glucose and sodium chloride on pigment production was evaluated using a fractional factorial design. Pigment production was positively influenced by glucose and sodium chloride while other components had no significant effect. In the second step the path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of the medium composition. In the third step the optimal concentration of glucose and sodium chloride was determined by a central composite design and response analysis. The optimized medium allowed pigment production (A 535-650) to be increased from 0.137 to 0.559, being 320% higher than the original medium.展开更多
Pyropia yezoensis is an important macroalga because of its extensive global distribution and economic importance.Color is an important trait in the thalli of P.yezoensis,it is also an effective marker to identify the ...Pyropia yezoensis is an important macroalga because of its extensive global distribution and economic importance.Color is an important trait in the thalli of P.yezoensis,it is also an effective marker to identify the hybridization in genetic breeding.In this study,a high-density genetic linkage map was constructed based on high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers,and used for analyzing the quantitative trait loci(QTLs)of red color trait in the thalli of P.yezoensis.The conchospore undergoes meiosis to develop into an ordered tetrad,and each cell has a haploid phenotype and can grow into a single individual.Based on this theory,F1 haploid population was used as the mapping population.The map included 531 SNP markers,394.57 cM long on average distance of 0.74 cM.Collinear analysis of the genetic linkage map and the physical map indicated that the coverage between the two maps was 79.42%.Furthermore,QTL mapping identified six QTLs for the chromosomal regions associated with the red color trait of the thalli.The value of phenotypic variance explained(PVE)by an individual QTL ranged from 4.71%-63.11%.And QTL qRed-1-1,with a PVE of 63.11%,was considered the major QTL.Thus,these data may provide a platform for gene and QTL fine mapping,and marker-assisted breeding in P.yezoensis in the future.展开更多
Novel phosphate pigments imitated with Scorzalite,FeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2,were prepared from iron and aluminum nitrate solutions,ascorbic acid,and phosphoric acid with pH adjustments(pH 5,7,9).The obtained precipitates were ...Novel phosphate pigments imitated with Scorzalite,FeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2,were prepared from iron and aluminum nitrate solutions,ascorbic acid,and phosphoric acid with pH adjustments(pH 5,7,9).The obtained precipitates were heated at 300,500,and 700°C for 1 h.The precipitates and their thermal products were estimated with X-ray diffraction(XRD),Infrared(IR)spectra,ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)reflectance spectra,and L*a*b*color space.The precipitated sample was not clearly colored,but it turned orange to red when heated.Samples prepared at low pH showed higher whiteness than samples prepared at high pH.The theoretical amount of ascorbic acid was sufficient to completely reduce iron during the adjustment.This study showed the possibility of novel inorganic phosphate red pigment.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31060045,31260091)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to identify red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits and explore the correlation between pigment content and total saponins of the fruits. [Method] The red pigment of Panax notoginseng fruits was preliminarily identi- fied with specific color reactions and UV-vis spectra, and the contents of the pigment and total saponins were determined via spectrophotometry. [Result] The red hues of the fruits were contributed by anthocyanins and/or the anthocyanidins. The contents of anthocyanins and total saponins of the fruits both decreased along with thinning of the red hues. The content difference of the anthocyanins in fruits with different red hues reached extremely significant level, but that of total saponins just reached significant level. [Conclusion] The red pigment of P. notoginseng fruits is anthocyanins which are of extremely significant positive correlation with total saponins in contents.
基金jointly funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51304181)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.QYZDJ-SSW-JSC021)the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.ZDRW-ZS-2018-1)。
文摘This study used specularite, a high-gradient magnetic separation concentrate, as a raw material in reverse flotation.An iron concentrate with a grade of 65.1 wt% and a recovery rate of 75.31% were obtained.A centrifugal concentrator served as the deep purification equipment for the preparation of iron oxide red pigments, and its optimal rotating drum speed, feed concentration, and other conditions were determined.Under optimal conditions, a high-purity iron oxide concentrate with a grade of 69.38 wt% and a recovery rate of 80.89% were obtained and used as a raw material for preparing iron oxide red pigment.Calcining with sulfuric acid produced iron red pigments with different hues.Simultaneously, middlings with a grade of 60.20 wt% and a recovery rate of 17.51% were obtained and could be used in blast furnace ironmaking.High-value utilization of specularite beneficiation products was thus achieved.
文摘Cadmium sulphoselenide was synthesized continuous substitution solid solution and the only known pigment to yield bright red color on ceramic decoration. Encapsulated cadmium sulphoselenide pigments could yield abundant hues from yellow to red with high opacity at high temperature. The color generation has a linear function relation with the substitution rate. The encapsulation formation process of zirconium silicate encapsulated cadmium sulphoselenide was shown. Insuffi cient encapsulation effi ciency and potential hazard to human and environment had limited the industrial application of cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment. Ink-jet printing decoration required fi ne size cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment on ceramic decoration. The review mainly focused on the synthesis techniques and industrial application of cadmium sulphoselenide red pigment.
基金Project supported by National Science and Technology Support Program(2011BAE30B03)Special Fund from Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(12JK0467the Graduate Innovation Fund of Shaanxi Universityof Science and Technology for the financial support
文摘SiO2 coated Ce2S3 red pigment was prepared in ethanol/H2O system via sol-gel method and TEOS were used as silica sources. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), UV-visible spectro-photometer and automatic colorimeter were used to investigate the properties of the samples. The results showed that the compact SiO2 film formed on the surface of Ce2S3 pigment at a cerium silicon molar ratio of 2. The thermal stability temperature of Ce2S3 pigment was improved to 450 oC after SiO2 coating. In addition, the color of Ce2S3 pigment was not affected significantly through coating colorless and transparent SiO2 and it could be used as safe red pigment in higher temperature fields.
基金supported by the Development of Alternative Technology for Hazardous Chemical SubstancesDevelopment of Novel Environment-and Human-friendly Inorganic Pigments for Three Primary Colors(FY2010-2014)programs of the New Energy+1 种基金Industrial Technology Development Organization(NEDO)the Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry,Japan(METI).
文摘Novel environmentally friendly inorganic red pigments based on calcium bismuth oxide Ca3(Bi1-xREx)8O15(0≤x≤0.09;RE=Sc^(3+),Er^(3+),Y^(3+),Ho^(3+)and Dy^(3+)),were successfully synthesized and the color properties were characterized.The color of these pigments depended on the composition and the synthesis condition,and the most vivid red color was obtained for the Ca3(Bi0.93Y0.07)8O15 sample calcined thrice at 800℃for 2 h.The L*and a*values corresponding to brightness and red chromaticity for this pigment were 45.6 and+30.6,respectively,which were greater than those of a commercially available Fe2O3 pigment(L^(*)=38.4,a^(*)=+29.5).Since the present pigment is composed of nontoxic and safe elements,it should be an attractive alternative to the conventional Fe2O3 pigment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51462010)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20161BAB206132,20171ACB20022)the Science and technology program Foundation of Jingdezhen(2017GYZD019-012).
文摘In this paper,a Sr^2+and Dy^3+co-doped γ-Ce2S3 red pigment was synthesized via a combination of coprecipitation and sulfurization processes.Mixed oxide was prepared by presintering the coprecipitates,(Ce,Sr,Dy)CO3,followed by high-temperature sulfurization under a CS2 atmosphere.The effects of the sulfurization temperature,time,and doped proportion on the phase composition,color performance and temperature stability of γ-Ce2S3 were systematically studied.The results show that a stable γ-Ce2S3 red pigment can be obtained through Sr^2+and Dy^3+co-doping at 730℃ for 200 min.The diffraction peaks of all the samples shift to higher 2θ values with increasing doping proportion,indicating that part of the Dy^3+species enter the lattice and form a solid solution.The band gap of the samples remains practically constant at 2.01-2.04 eV,which causes their red color.The best red-color quality(L*=37.13,a*=34.77,b*=29.44) is achieved when the pigment has a Dy^3+/Ce^3+molar ratio of 0.15,and the material maintains its excellent red color(L*=31.49 a*=30.94 b*=25.33) after being heated at 410℃ for 30 min.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Over the past years a kind of red organic pigment was found in various strata in Chi-na. Recently, the authors have discovered the similar red pigment in a large-scale sil-ver deposit hosted in the Sinian black shale, and confirmed that the pigment is an
文摘The red ceramic pigment is widely used in industrial production, but the pigments with pure color and bright red performance are rare. Therefore, it is important to study and develop new red ceramic pigment with perfect color performance. This paper reports the preparation of Cr-doped YAlO_3 red ceramic pigment rendering by sol-gel method with high temperature resistance, good color and proposed color mechanism. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and UV-vis, and the effects of Cr on the crystal structure, color rendering properties and color mechanism were discussed. The results showed that the optimum concentration of coloring agent(Cr) in Cr:YAlO_3 red ceramic pigment was 3 at.%. The main color mechanism was also discussed. Compared with the solid phase sintering and precipitation methods for the synthesis of red ceramic pigment, the sol-gel method possessed obvious advantages, such as perfect mixing of the raw materials, uniform dispersion of doping ions and the pure color.
文摘A high-efficiency synthesis method for a latent pigment of red pigment diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (Pig. Red 272:272DPP), which is important as a functional organic pigment, was investigated, and the investigation results revealed that irradiation of microwaves (MWs) for several seconds to 272 DPP in NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) solvent yielded DPP latent pigment (272DPP-BOC) at a high yield of 86.2%. Two kinds of latent-pigment crystals, namely, red and yellow, were obtained by recrystallization, and it was found that the fluorescence-emission properties of the two kinds differ significantly. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis showed that the difference in the fluorescence-emission properties of the two types is derived from the difference in their crystal structures.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to isolate a prodigiosin producing strain and study its pigment fractions.[Method] Red pigment-producing bacteria was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics after isolation in plate.By using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography,pigment fractions were separated and purified from the extractives of the strain after fermentation in flask,and then pigment fractions were analyzed via UV-Vis and LC/MS.[Result] A red pigment-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 sampled from soil of Nanchang was isolated and identified.2 pigment fractions showing similar UV-Vis and LC/MS characters were separated and purified,the characters of fraction 1 were identical to those of prodigiosin,while fraction 2 showed a special UV-Vis absorption spectrum that had not been reported.[Conclusion] A prodigiosin-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 and its 2 pigment fractions were isolated.
文摘The stability was studied of the pigment in red pulp plum (Prunus salicina Lindl). The results showed that the pigment had a high resistance to heat and it′s stability seemed to be affected greatly by pH, and red pulp plum was suitable to be applied for making acid food. Several kinds of metallic ions including Na + 、Zn 2+ had an effect of reinforcement on its tone, however Fe 3+ had a disruptive effect. Sucrose had no undesirable effect, but vitamin C had a significant undesirable effect. Also the preservative of sodium benzoate had a definite undesirable effect. The pigment showed strong resistance to reducer sodium sulfite but was very weak in resistance to oxidizer hydrogen peroxide.
文摘Response surface methodology was used to optimize a medium for a red-pigmented marine bacterium S-9801 strain (Flavobocterium sp.). In the first optimization step the influence of yeast extract, peptone, glucose and sodium chloride on pigment production was evaluated using a fractional factorial design. Pigment production was positively influenced by glucose and sodium chloride while other components had no significant effect. In the second step the path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of the medium composition. In the third step the optimal concentration of glucose and sodium chloride was determined by a central composite design and response analysis. The optimized medium allowed pigment production (A 535-650) to be increased from 0.137 to 0.559, being 320% higher than the original medium.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41976146,31672641)the Marine S&T Fund of Shandong Province for Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)(No.2018SDKJ0302-4)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0900106)the Shandong Province Key Research and Development Program(No.2019GHY112008)。
文摘Pyropia yezoensis is an important macroalga because of its extensive global distribution and economic importance.Color is an important trait in the thalli of P.yezoensis,it is also an effective marker to identify the hybridization in genetic breeding.In this study,a high-density genetic linkage map was constructed based on high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers,and used for analyzing the quantitative trait loci(QTLs)of red color trait in the thalli of P.yezoensis.The conchospore undergoes meiosis to develop into an ordered tetrad,and each cell has a haploid phenotype and can grow into a single individual.Based on this theory,F1 haploid population was used as the mapping population.The map included 531 SNP markers,394.57 cM long on average distance of 0.74 cM.Collinear analysis of the genetic linkage map and the physical map indicated that the coverage between the two maps was 79.42%.Furthermore,QTL mapping identified six QTLs for the chromosomal regions associated with the red color trait of the thalli.The value of phenotypic variance explained(PVE)by an individual QTL ranged from 4.71%-63.11%.And QTL qRed-1-1,with a PVE of 63.11%,was considered the major QTL.Thus,these data may provide a platform for gene and QTL fine mapping,and marker-assisted breeding in P.yezoensis in the future.
文摘Novel phosphate pigments imitated with Scorzalite,FeAl2(PO4)2(OH)2,were prepared from iron and aluminum nitrate solutions,ascorbic acid,and phosphoric acid with pH adjustments(pH 5,7,9).The obtained precipitates were heated at 300,500,and 700°C for 1 h.The precipitates and their thermal products were estimated with X-ray diffraction(XRD),Infrared(IR)spectra,ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)reflectance spectra,and L*a*b*color space.The precipitated sample was not clearly colored,but it turned orange to red when heated.Samples prepared at low pH showed higher whiteness than samples prepared at high pH.The theoretical amount of ascorbic acid was sufficient to completely reduce iron during the adjustment.This study showed the possibility of novel inorganic phosphate red pigment.