Red Shift and Broadening of Backward Harmonic Radiation from Electron Oscillations Driven by Femtosecond Laser Pulse

The characteristics of backward harmonic radiation due to electron oscillations driven by a linearly polarized fs laser pulse are analysed considering a single electron model. The spectral distributions of the electron＇s backward harmonic radiation are investigated in detail for different parameters of the driver laser pulse. Higher order harmonic radiations are possible for a sufficiently intense driving laser pulse. We have shown that for a realistic pulsed photon beam, the spectrum of the radiation is red shifted as well as broadened because of changes in the longitudinal velocity of the electrons during the laser pulse. These effects are more pronounced at higher laser intensities giving rise to higher order harmonics that eventually leads to a continuous spectrum. Numerical simulations have further shown that by increasing the laser pulse width the broadening of the high harmonic radiations can be controlled.

Light Red Shift in Cosmic Background Photon Gas

There is a stable?cosmic background photon gas fulfilled in our universe and a very weak damping force is acting on every traveling photon, then the light red shift has been observed at a large distance. When a photon travels in the cosmic background photon gas, its frequency continually lowers and at last diminishes in the photon gas as a low velocity one. The decay factor of traveling photons has been estimated;the light red shift is nonlinear in space, and our visual field is finite although the universe is infinite.

Schwarzschild Geodesics in Terms of Elliptic Functions and the Related Red Shift

Using Weierstrassian elliptic functions the exact geodesics in the Schwarzschild metric are expressed in a simple and most transparent form. The results are useful for analytical and numerical applications. For example we calculate the perihelion precession and the light deflection in the post-Einsteinian approximation. The bounded orbits are computed in the post-Newtonian order. As a topical application we calculate the gravitational red shift for a star moving in the Schwarzschild field.

Carbon interstitial defects causing emission red shift in YAG:Ce phosphor:First-principles calculation

Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ is the most famous phosphor material due to its excellent photolumincent properties.Here,through first-principles calculation,the effect of carbon interstitial defects on Y3Al5O12:Ce3+phosphor was investigated. It is found that the carbon interstitials tend to occupy the next-nearest sites of Ce3+ion in Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ lattice. Specially,these interstitial defects can shorten the Ce3+-O2-bond length, leading to a larger crystal field splitting of 5 d orbital of the Ce3+atom and bigger 5 d centroid shift.These two factors cause the emission spectrum of Y3Al5O12(C):Ce3+red shift compared with that of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+. Moreover, with our comparison experiment, we find that the Y3Al5O12(C):Ce3+ has an obvious red shift compared with that of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+system,which is in accord with our first principles calculation. Our work systematically investigates the impact of the carbon interstitial defect on Y3Al5O12:Ce3+,and provides a new route to tune the emission spectrum in Y3Al5O12:Ce3+.

Highly selective and turn-on fluorescence probe with red shift emission for naked-eye detecting Al^(3+)and Ga^(3+)based on metal-organic framework

A novel ZnII-based metal-organic framework with the formula of{[Zn_(2)(BBIP)_(2)(NDC)_(2)]·H_(2)O}n(JXUST-5)derived from 3,5-bis(benzimidazol-1-yl)pyridine(BBIP)and 1,4-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid(H_(2)NDC)has been synthesized.The adjacent Zn^(II)ions are linked through two BBIP ligands to form a[Zn_(2)(BBIP)_(2)]secondary building unit(SBU).The neighbouring SBUs are further connected by NDC^(2-)withμ2-η^(1):η^(1)andμ2-η^(1):η^(1):η^(1)bridging modes to form a two-dimensional(2D)framework.Topological analysis shows that JXUST-5 could be simplified as an uninodal fes topology with a point symbol of{4.8^(2)}.Furthermore,the 2D framework net could be extended through C-H···πinteraction to form the three-dimensional supramolecular structure.Luminescent experiments suggest that JXUST-5 could selectively and sensitively recognize Al^(3+)and Ga^(3+)through fluorescence enhancement effect along with a relatively large red shift.The detection limits for Al^(3+)and Ga^(3+)are 0.17 and 0.69 ppm,respectively.Interestingly,the sensing process for both Al^(3+)and Ga^(3+)could be directly observed with naked eyes under 365 nm UV lamp.Notably,JXUST-5 could be recycled at least five times as a fluorescent sensor toward Al^(3+)and Ga^(3+),which is the second example of turn-on MOF based fluorescent sensor toward Ga^(3+).

Red-shift law of intense laser-induced electro-absorption in solids

A theoretical study on the red-shift of laser-induced electro-absorption is presented. It is found that laser-induced red-shift scales with the cube root of the pump laser intensity in the optical tunneling regime and has an obvious deviation from this scale in the multi-photon regime. Our results show that in the optical tunneling regime, the laser-induced red shift has the same law as that in the direct current （DC） approximation. Though the scales are the same in the optical tunneling regime, the physical pictures in the two cases are quite different. The electro-absorption in the DC case is a tunneling-assisted transition process, while the laser-induced electro-absorption is a mixed multi-photon process.

Using of the Generalized Special Relativity in Deriving the Equation of the Gravitational Red-Shift

In this work we present a study of a new method to prove the equation of the gravitational red shift of spec-tral lines. That’s according to the generalized special relativity theory. The equation of the gravitational red shift of spectral lines has been studied in many different works, using different methods depending on the Newtonian mechanics, and other theories. Although attention was drawn to the fact that the well-known ex-pression of the gravitational Red-Shift of spectral lines may be derived with no recourse to the general rela-tivity theory! In this study a unique derivation has been done using the Generalized Special Relativity (GSR) and the same result obtained.

THE OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE OF THE SOLAR FLARES OCCURRING IN THE RED SHIFT AREA OF H_β DOPPLERGRAM

HR (Huairou) 89065 (Boulder 5395 )(N33, L260 )in March, 1989 was a very powerful solar active region. There occurred the most violent activities in the recent ten years or more, including the largest sunspots, continuous large solar flares, X-ray events and

THE RED SHIFT IN THE DE SITTER UNIVERSE

The harmonic condition is applied to the motion of galaxies in relativistic cosmologyunder the approximation that the Universe is an empty de Sitter universe, while the galaxiesmove radially as particles along their geodesics in this universe without interfering with each other gravitationally. Transformations of the coordinates between the co-moving, the de Sitter and the standard systems of coordinates are given. The Poynting vector giving the intensity of light emitted by the distant receding galaxy and observed on earth has different forms in these systems of coordinates. As a first approximation the velocitydistance relation is the same in all of them. But for higher approximations there are differences which can only be verified by future more refined and accurate astronomical observations. It is shown that the velocity-distance relation depends upon the number of stars in the receding galaxy or upon its mass. Hence according to the present analysis motions of the galaxies in the universe are isotroplc, but the distribution of matter is not necesssarily homogeneous.

结构参数对领结型纳米孔等离子体光镊共振效应的影响

等离子体光镊可以将光场能量限制在纳米级的体积内,从而产生较大的梯度力对粒子进行捕获和操纵。使用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法对金膜上的领结型纳米孔进行数值分析,结果表明,在波长为400~2 000 nm范围内存在两种模式的共振,分别为Fabry-Pérot共振和等离子体共振。Fabry-Pérot共振对金膜厚度比较敏感,随着金膜厚度增加,共振峰发生90 nm的红移;而等离子体共振峰随着孔径和孔间距的增加向波长更大的方向偏移;通过模拟粒子捕获,发现与其他材料的粒子相比,金粒子会导致等离子体共振峰发生更大的偏移,且随着粒子从结构外运动至结构底部,共振峰会持续发生红移。本研究对实际应用中纳米结构的制备具有参考价值,且在单分子操纵、生物传感等方面具有重要意义。

羟基-炔点击反应制备具有红移发射的非传统荧光化合物及性能

以丙炔酸甲酯为原料,分别与2-二乙基氨基乙醇、N-甲基二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺经常温羟基-炔点击反应在无催化剂和无溶剂条件下制备得到三组含叔胺和乙烯基醚非传统发色团的有机荧光化合物。利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和核磁共振波谱仪(NMR)确证所得化合物的分子结构。利用紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和荧光分光光度计探究了化合物的荧光性能,结果表明:所得三组化合物均表现出浓度增强发光及激发波长依赖荧光特性。以三乙醇胺、N-甲基二乙醇胺和2-二乙氨基乙醇分别反应所得化合物的发射波长依次红移,且其红移程度依赖于化合物的浓度,表现出结构和浓度依赖红移荧光特性。该方法实现了简单调控化合物的结构和浓度得到长波长的非传统有机荧光化合物,这为设计长波长非传统荧光材料提供了新的方法和思路。

高功率1550 nm氧化限制型VCSEL设计与仿真

1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器具有良好的人眼安全性和透射性,但实现其高效率和高功率输出一直是难以解决的问题。以1550 nm氧化限制型垂直腔面发射激光器为研究目标,对不同结构、不同氧化孔径与输出特性关系进行仿真分析。随着氧化孔径增加,垂直腔面发射激光器芯片的激射波长发生红移现象,但氧化孔径从14μm继续增大时,激射波长几乎不红移。对两种不同氧化限制结构的芯片进行仿真,输出功率和转换效率对比结果表明单氧化层结构性能更好。在设计多结垂直腔面发射激光器时考虑有源区之间是否增加氧化层,最终发现两种氧化限制结构均在9μm孔径时具有较高的输出功率,单层结构100 mA时的输出功率约为177.55 mW,同时斜率效率也高达1.79 W/A,最大功率转换效率为10μm孔径时的37.7%,多层结构斜率效率更高达2.36 W/A。氧化限制型结构在多结垂直腔面发射激光器基础上进一步提升功率、效率等参数,可为高功率1550 nm垂直腔面发射激光器的输出特性优化提供参考。

Study of Shifted UV Emission Peak of ZnO Nanowire Arrays

We have obtained vertically aligned ZnO nanowire arrays synthesized by microwave-assisted heating method with different growth time.From the room-temperature PL measurement,the strong deep-level emission and weak near band edge(NBE)emission can be seen.The deep-level emissions became weaker and deep-level emissions became stronger when the samples were annealed at 300℃for 30 min,meanwhile,the NBE emission peaks get red-shifted with growth time,and the longer the growth time,the more the peak shifting.This phenomenon can be attributed that the diameter of ZnO nanowires increases with growth time.This PL emission phenomenon is important in research of optoelectronic application.

基于Camshift算法的光笔投射点的实时跟踪

为实现对光笔投射点的实时跟踪,采用了Camshift跟踪算法,但是该算法在动态复杂背景及在颜色相似的背景区域中不能很好地进行跟踪。因此,提出了改进方法。首先,引入红色滤镜,以此改变Camshift算法颜色特征提取的效果,从而削弱了背景的影响,突出了目标,很好地克服了背景中的颜色干扰,使动态复杂背景下光笔投射点的跟踪具有较高的鲁棒性和实时性;然后通过改变区域选择方式,达到了自动跟踪的效果;最后,通过OpenCV实现了对光笔投射点的实时跟踪。实验结果表明,该方法在光笔投射点实时跟踪上是十分有效的。

一种大斯托克斯位移的红光发射荧光探针选择性检测次氯酸

设计、合成了一种基于巴比妥酸衍生物的具有D-π-A结构的光学探针3。该探针能够作为一种高度灵敏和选择性的次氯酸指示剂,快速实现对次氯酸的比色和荧光信号(开-关)的双响应(约15 s)。推测的响应机制是ClO-与C=C之间发生了亲电加成和氧化裂解反应,导致探针的D-π-A结构遭到破坏,从而阻断了其分子内电荷转移(intramolecular charge transfer,ICT)进程。探针只需一步即可合成,同时具有红光发射(628 nm)和较大的斯托克斯位移(158 nm),检测限(limit of detection,LOD)低至14 nmol·L^(-1)。此外,探针还表现出低细胞毒性,并成功应用于活细胞成像。

Effects of Heat Treatment on Thermoelectric and Infrared Properties of Bi_2Te_3 Films

In this work,Bi2Te3 films（250 nm） are fabricated on Si O2/Si substrates by radio frequency（RF） magnetron sputtering at room temperature,and the prepared films are annealed over the temperature range of 200 °C to 400 °C.Crystallinity and electrical properties of the films can be tuned correspondingly.The power factors of Bi2Te3 films of 0.85 μW/K2 cm to 11.43 μW/K2 cm were achieved after annealing.The infrared reflectance measurements from 2.5 μm to 5.0 μm demonstrate that there is also a slight red-shift of the plasma oscillation frequency in the Bi2Te3 films.By means of plasmonic calculations,we attribute the red-shift of absorption peaks to the reduction of carrier concentration and the change of effective mass of Bi2Te3 films with the increased annealing temperature.

1550 nm波段外腔窄线宽激光器增益芯片

针对外腔窄线宽激光器应用设计了一款半导体增益芯片,分析了斜率效率和增益谱特性,由于封装后增益峰红移会造成器件输出功率下降,指出设计中芯片的增益峰需偏离激光器激射波长。通过优化量子阱结构及材料应力,提高了芯片的斜率效率。为了降低芯片自身法布里-珀罗(FP)腔谐振效应,采用弯曲波导配合磁控溅射四层增透膜工艺,使芯片出光端面的有效反射率明显降低,提高了窄线宽激光器输出波长的稳定性。所设计芯片采用1%压应变量子阱材料,量子阱厚度为7.5 nm,量子阱数量为3个,芯片波导与解理面法线呈6°夹角。通过半导体流片工艺完成掩埋结芯片制作,并进行窄线宽激光器封装及测试,实现了1550 nm波段高效稳定的窄线宽激光输出。

岩门秀芽茶叶主要浸出物三维荧光指纹图谱分析

基于三维荧光光谱技术结合荧光区域积分法,研究了岩门秀芽在不同冷泡时间下浸出液样品的三维荧光光谱特征。通过激发扫描获取激发-发射矩阵光谱,识别荧光峰的位置并采用荧光区域积分法计算荧光峰所处区域内荧光强度的积分体积值,以探究岩门秀芽主要浸出物种类及其动态变化规律。研究结果显示,在不同浸泡时间下,岩门秀芽浸出液的三维荧光光谱都会产生明显的瑞利散射和红移现象,其主要浸出物:黄酮及黄酮醇类物质、儿茶素和叶绿素a的含量也在不断地变化。在20 min时,茶叶功效成分的含量保留较高且儿茶素含量较低,为冷泡的最佳饮用时间。该研究为实现基于三维荧光光谱技术快速检测茶叶主要成分和鉴别茶叶种类奠定了基础,也为茶叶的科学浸泡和饮用提供参考。

N掺杂K_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理计算

采用第一性原理计算,对N掺杂前后六钛酸钾(K_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13))的电子结构和光学性质进行了研究.结果分析表明:N掺杂后K_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)的带隙值略有减小且在其禁带中引入了杂质能级,由于杂质能级的作用使得N掺杂后的K_(2)Ti_(6)O_(13)吸收带边红移至可见光区,并在可见光范围内吸收强度出现明显的增强.

Derivatives of 4-dihydroquinolinone and their fluorescent property

A series of donor-π-acceptor （D-π-A） compounds involving varied donors and acceptors as well as a dihydroquinolinone moiety were synthesized. Tuned fluorescent colors from blue to orange were successfully realized in them. Spectroscopic analysis exhibits that the increased conjugated system, enhanced electrondonating ability of acceptor, and electron-withdrawing ability of donor result in red shift in both absorption and fluorescence for these compounds. Both the absorption and fluorescence show strong bathochromic shift effect with the increase in the polarity of solvents. It indicates that they are intramolecular charge transfer （ICT） fluorescent compounds and may have potential application as novel electroluminescent material.