Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Wheat-Red Kidney Bean Biscuits

This research was aimed to study the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of biscuits fortified with red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) powder. Proximate compositions, total phenol content, antioxidant activity, and functional properties of red kidney bean (RKB) powder were studied before and after the incorporation of red kidney bean in the biscuits. The bean powder was mixed with wheat flour at a level of 0% as control, 10%, 20%, and 30% during dough preparation. Results revealed that RKB powder is a rich source of protein (26.25%) together with carbohydrate (59.7%), fat (2.4%), and ash (3.27%). The total phenolic content of bean powder was 14.15 mg GAE/g. Kidney bean powder showed good functional properties including water absorption capacity (149.7%), oil holding capacity (99.54%), swelling capacity (4.6%), and bulk density of 0.74 g/ml. After increasing the percentage of RKB with control, there were significant increases (p < 0.05) in the levels of protein, moisture, ash, fat, while carbohydrate content and total gross energy decreased significantly. Investigation of total phenolic content showed the increasing trend with the higher RKB fortification, which amounted to 10.31 mg GAE/g for control and 12.50 mg GAE/g for 30% RKB. DPPH radical scavenging activity was investigated for all the samples at five different concentrations. As there was an increase in the percentage of RKB and concentration of the samples, the antioxidant activity also increased significantly (p < 0.05), where IC50 value decreased from 0.0228 mg/ml for control to 0.0289 mg/ml for 10% RKB, followed by 20% and 30% RKB, respectively. In sensory test, the control cake secured the highest score in color, flavor, texture and overall acceptability followed by the cake incorporated with 10% freeze-dried mushroom powder.

Tolerance of Four Market Classes of Dry Beans to Tribenuron and Carfentrazone Applied Preplant

Limited information is available on the sensitivity of dry beans to tribenuron and carfentrazone applied preplant (PP). Four field trials were conducted at Exeter and Ridgetown, ON, Canada in 2019 and 2020 to determine the tolerance of azuki, kidney, small red and white beans to glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + tribenuron (15 g·ai·ha-1), glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + carfentrazone (35 g·ai·ha-1) and glyphosate (1800 g·ae·ha-1) + tribenuron (15 g·ai·ha-1) + carfentrazone (35 g·ai·ha-1) applied PP 1 - 2 days prior to seeding dry beans. Glyphosate + tribenuron, glyphosate + carfentrazone, and glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone, applied PP, caused 5%, 5% and 9% bean injury at 1 WAE;7%, 6% and 10% bean injury at 2 WAE and 6%, 5% and 8% bean injury at 4 WAE, respectively. At 8 WAE, there was 0, 1% and 4% injury in azuki bean;1%, 2% and 2% injury in kidney bean;3%, 2% and 3% injury in small red bean;and 6%, 3% and 2% injury in white bean with glyphosate + tribenuron, glyphosate + carfentrazone, and glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone applied PP, respectively. The injury was significantly greater with glyphosate + tribenuron in small red and white beans compared to the azuki and kidney beans. There was no difference between injury levels among market classes of dry been with glyphosate + carfentrazone or glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone applied PP. There was no effect of glyphosate + tribenuron, glyphosate + carfentrazone and glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone on dry bean plant stand, maturity and seed yield. However, dry bean biomass was reduced as much as 15% with glyphosate + tribenuron and 13% with glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone compared to the untreated control. Dry bean height was reduced 4% with glyphosate + tribenuron + carfentrazone but was not affected with other treatments. Based on these results, there is potential for using glyphosate plus tribenuron or carfentrazone for preplant weed management in dry bean production.

Response of Four Dry Bean Market Classes to Pre-Emergence Applications of Pyroxasulfone, Sulfentrazone and Pyroxasulfone plus Sulfentrazone

Only one herbicide mode of action (ALS inhibitor) is currently available to Ontario dry bean producers for soil-applied broadleaf weed control. Four field studies were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to examine the tolerance of four market classes of dry beans to sulfentrazone (210 and 420 g·ai·ha-1) and pyroxasulfone (100 and 200 g·ai·ha-1) applied alone and in combination. The registration of these two herbicides would provide Ontario dry bean producers with two additional modes of action for broadleaf weed control. Pyroxasulfone caused up to 23%, 6%, 7% and 10% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively;sulfentrazone caused up to 51%, 12%, 15% and 44% injury and the combination caused up to 90%, 23%, 29% and 62% injury, respectively. Kidney and small red Mexican bean density, height, seed moisture content and yield were not affected. Pyroxasulfone (200 g·ai·ha-1) + sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) reduced adzuki and white bean density, shoot dry weight, height and yield. This study concludes that pyroxasulfone (100 g·ai·ha-1) + sulfentrazone (210 g·ai·ha-1) applied PRE can be safely used to control weeds in Ontario kidney and small red Mexican bean production.

Tolerance of Four Dry Bean Market Classes to Pre-Emergence Applications of Sulfentrazone

Ontario dry bean growers are currently limited to ALS inhibitor herbicides for soilapplied broadleaf weed control;therefore another mode of action is needed. Sulfentrazone is a PPO inhibitor herbicide that has activity on some annual grass and broadleaf weed species. Four field trials were conducted over two years (2014, 2015) to determine the tolerance of four commonly grown dry bean market classes (adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean) to PRE applications of sulfentrazone at 140, 210, 280 and 420 g·ai·ha-1. Crop injury, plant height, plant density, shoot biomass, seed moisture content and yield were examined. Sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) caused up to 74%, 22%, 30%, and 57% injury in adzuki, kidney, small red Mexican and white bean, respectively. Plant density, height and yield were not reduced for kidney or small red Mexican bean. Sulfentrazone (420 g·ai·ha-1) reduced white bean plant density, height and yield by 28%, 29% and 29%, respectively;and reduced adzuki bean plant density, height and yield by 51%, 34% and 57%, respectively. Overall, kidney and small red Mexican bean were the most tolerant to sulfentrazone, followed by white bean, and then adzuki. This study determined sulfentrazone applied PRE is safe for Ontario kidney bean and small red Mexican bean crops.

英国红芸豆抗氧化肽对氧化应激斑马鱼的保护作用研究

为探究英国红芸豆抗氧化肽组分(BRKBPAPC)的体内抗氧化作用,利用2,2′-偶氮二异丁基脒二盐酸盐诱导建立氧化应激斑马鱼模型,研究BRKBPAPC对氧化应激斑马鱼的影响。结果表明:BRKBPAPC能显著提高(P<0.05)斑马鱼体内过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),显著降低(P<0.05)丙二醛(MDA)含量;同时BRKBPAPC还具有调节斑马鱼脂代谢的能力,随着处理浓度的增加斑马鱼脂代谢指标逐渐恢复正常水平;高剂量BRKBPAPC可使斑马鱼行为轨迹增多,高速运动次数、时间、距离显著上升。高剂量抗氧化肽处理21 d时,CAT、SOD、T-AOC、GSH-Px分别增至(28.29±3.29)、(126.59±6.39)、(2.07±0.18)、(84.75±7.77)U/mg prot,MDA含量降至(3.35±0.29)nmol/mg prot。由此可见,BRKBPAPC具有较好的体内抗氧化作用及脂代谢调节能力。

Dry Bean Sensitivity to Group 15 Herbicides Applied Preemergence

Field experiments (4 in total) were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in southwestern Ontario to compare the sensitivity of dry bean to four Group 15 herbicides applied preemergence (PRE). At 4 weeks after emergence (WAE), pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the 2X rate caused 5%, 9%, 9% and 14% visible injury in adzuki bean, 2%, 2%, 2% and 3% visible injury in kidney bean, 6%, 4%, 5% and 4% visible injury in small red Mexican (SRM) bean, and 9%, 6%, 8% and 9% visible injury in white bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone reduced adzuki bean shoot biomass (m-1 row) 42% and height 12%. However, the other Group 15 herbicides did not reduce shoot biomass and height of adzuki bean. Kidney bean shoot biomass and height were not adversely affected by the Group 15 herbicides evaluated. S-metolachlor caused no adverse effect on SRM bean dry weight or height, but pethoxamid, dimethenamid-P and pyroxasulfone at the 2X rate reduced dry weight 26%, 28% and 28% and height 7%, 7% and 7% in SRM bean, respectively. Pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone applied PRE at the 2X rate reduced white bean dry weight 50%, 37%, 47% and 43% and height 16%, 10%, 16% and 15% in white bean, respectively. Pyroxasulfone (2X rate), applied PRE, reduced bean stand count and seed yield 12% and 7%, respectively. However, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, and dimethenamid-P, applied PRE caused no decrease in stand count and seed yield of dry beans evaluated. In general, kidney and SRM bean are most tolerant, white bean is intermediate, and adzuki bean is most sensitive to Group 15 herbicides applied PRE.

Response of Eight Market Classes of Dry Bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>L.) to Pendimethalin

There is little information on the tolerance of dry bean to pendimethalin. Field studies were conducted in 2007 to 2009 at Exeter, Ontario and in 2008 and 2009 at Ridgetown, Ontario to evaluate tolerance of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, Small Red Mexican and white bean to the pendimethalin applied preplant incorporated at 1080 and 2160 g.a.i.ha-1. Pendimethalin PPI caused minimal injury in most market classes of dry bean at 1 and 2 WAE. There was no injury in various market classes of dry bean with the low dose at 1 and 2 weeks after emergence (WAE). However, at the high dose there was 0 to 4% injury at 1 WAE and 0 to 7% injury at 2 WAE in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean. Pendimethalin PPI was more injurious in white bean than in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto and SRM bean. Pink and SRM bean exhibited the most tolerance to pendimethalin applied PPI at 1080 g.ai.ha-1 or 2160 g.ai.ha-1. Pendimethalin caused no adverse effect on plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and seed yield of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean. Based on these results, there is an adequate margin of crop safety for pendimethalin applied PPI at the proposed dose of 1080 g.ai.ha-1 in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pink, pinto, SRM and white bean in Ontario.

基于模糊数学评价红菌豆渣对猪肉丸品质的影响

将红菌豆渣添加到猪肉糜中,探讨不同红菌豆渣添加量对猪肉丸色泽、持水性、损失率、流变特性和质构特性的影响,结合模糊数学感官评价法对其作综合评价。结果表明:红菌豆渣猪肉丸的持水率、咀嚼性、硬度、胶着性和储能模量G`值随红菌豆渣添加量的增加而上升,白度值降低,蒸煮损失率先降后略微上升,弹性和回复性变化不明显。当红菌豆渣添加质量分数12%时,产品出品率较高,口感品质好,感官综合评分最高。添加红菌豆渣可以改善猪肉丸的品质,为猪肉丸开发提供新思路。

英国红芸豆抗氧化肽营养价值评价及体外模拟消化分析

为了提高英国红芸豆的经济效益,开发高附加值的功能性产品,以英国红芸豆蛋白抗氧化肽组分(BRKBPAPC)为研究对象,对其营养价值和粒径分布进行分析,并采用体外模拟消化法评价BRKBPAPC消化过程中抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明:BRKBPAPC含有8种必需氨基酸,与抗氧化活性相关的氨基酸含量较高;BRKBPAPC的氨基酸比值系数分(SRCAA)为66.01,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为86.13,生物价(BV)为82.18,必需氨基酸组成符合FAO/WHO标准模式,是一种良好的植物源多肽;BRKBPAPC的粒径分布均匀且只有一个峰,在400~800nm之间。体外模拟消化结果表明,与未超滤肽相比,BRKBPAPC的抗氧化活性和稳定性显著提高(P<0.05);BRKBPAPC消化物对DPPH自由基清除率最高可达81.83%,对羟自由基清除率最高可达82.76%,对ABTS自由基清除率最高可达48.84%。研究为英国红芸豆产品开发提供了理论依据。

气吸式电动红豆播种控制系统设计与试验——基于模糊PID

为解决高密度作物播种时不均匀等问题,设计了一种基于模糊PID的气吸式电动红豆播种控制系统。对排种电机进行了数学模型建立,利用MatLab 2020b/Simulink进行系统仿真,通过对比模糊PID系统和PID系统的控制性能验证设计的优越性。仿真试验表明:模糊PID相较于PID超调量降低了18.82%,调节时间缩短了0.5357s,稳态误差也减少了0.0192,各项指标得到了提升。台架试验结果表明:模糊PID播种控制系统比PID播种控制系统合格指数总体提高了2.21个百分点,重播指数总体下降1.1个百分点,漏播指数总体下降1.3个百分点,变异系数总体下降6.55个百分点。模糊PID播种控制系统各项性能指标都优于PID播种控制系统,播种精度指标均满足国家标准。

基于近红外光谱技术的红小豆品质多指标无损检测及品种鉴别方法研究

本研究采用近红外光谱技术,构建8种不同品种红小豆的蛋白质、水分、支链淀粉、直链淀粉、百粒重、粒长、粒宽及颜色指标的同时快速无损分析方法。首先,对红小豆的近红外光谱进行标准正态变量变化法(SNV)、多元散射校正法(MSC)及一阶导数预处理,随后结合偏最小二乘分析法(PLS),建立红小豆样品不同品质指标的定量分析模型,结果显示:各PLS模型能较好地对红小豆的品质指标起到预测效果,达到快速无损检测红小豆品质的目的。此外,通过偏最小二乘判别分析法(PLS-DA)对红小豆样本的品种进行定性判别,校正集和预测集的判别正确率分别为100.00%和88.89%。近红外光谱对不同品种红小豆能做出较好的区分,对优质红小豆的快速筛分具有指导意义,且定性判别模型对同品种不同产地的2种红小豆同样得到了很好的区分,由此可见近红外技术在产地判别方面的可行性。

红豆肽的制备、分离纯化及降糖活性研究

目的:筛选红豆蛋白的酶解工艺并研究红豆多肽的降糖活性及构效关系。方法:采用碱沉酸提法提取红豆粗蛋白,以肽得率、水解度、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制、Fe^(2+)螯合率、DPPH清除率为指标筛选最佳蛋白酶;酶解得到红豆多肽,醇沉多糖后通过DA201-C大孔吸附树脂进行脱盐纯化后,测定多肽的分子量及氨基酸组成来探讨其构效关系。结果:经4种蛋白酶(中性、碱性、风味、复合蛋白酶)水解后,碱性蛋白酶的肽得率为82.95%,水解度为52.67%,实验浓度范围内最佳α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制为72.14%,比其他3种酶均高;85%乙醇醇沉后的肽糖比、α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制率(73.49%)和α-淀粉酶抑制率(31.31%)均最高,脱盐纯化后肽含量高达97.61%,在2 mg/mL时测定对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶抑制效果,分别为52.49%和14.63%,表明除去多糖后红豆多肽仍具有独立降血糖活性;经测定,红豆多肽以小分子为主,3 kDa以下占比91.40%,其中小于1000 Da占比达到75.28%。纯化后疏水性氨基酸占比约37.28%,其中甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸和谷氨酸含量较高。结论:碱性蛋白酶是制备红豆多肽的最佳蛋白酶,分离纯化后的红豆多肽具有降糖活性,其活性可能与4种疏水性氨基酸含量较高且分子量较小有关。

山药红豆复合乳饮料的工艺研究

本文以全脂奶粉、山药和红豆为主要原料,白砂糖和复合稳定剂等作为辅助材料,研发一种新型的具有保健功能的大众型复合乳饮料。为得到山药红豆复合乳饮料的最佳工艺配比,采用单因素实验筛选出最优单因素水平,在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交试验和感官评价对山药红豆复合乳饮料制作工艺进行工艺优化,以成品质量(100g)为基准确定最佳工艺参数,实验结果表明:山药浆与红豆浆混合比例1∶3,山药红豆混合浆液与全脂牛奶(全脂奶粉∶水=1∶7)的比例3∶4,白砂糖添加量4%,山药打浆时间3min,红豆打浆时间5min,复合稳定剂的添加量0.25%,山药红豆复合乳饮料的酸度为0.903g/L,可溶性固形物的含量为10.5%,蛋白质含量为2.9g/100g,检测出菌落总数为7.9×10^(3)CFU/mL。本次实验得出山药红豆复合乳饮料的颜色呈淡紫色,口感细腻,甜度适中,具有山药和红豆的独特气味。

陈寅恪的“遐思”与“旧梦”——一个被遮蔽的钱谦益

《柳如是别传》以柳氏命名,流布近六十载。陈寅恪在书中不止一次故作抑扬之词,称钱谦益不是本书主角,以掩饰钱谦益作为核心章节“复明运动”真正主角的事实,实有待发覆。陈寅恪自认为与钱谦益之间有着特别的因缘,对其也存有强烈的身世类同感与学术、文化认同感。他自言于昆明得钱氏故园红豆之后“重读钱集”,“借以温旧梦、寄遐思”,即是明确指向了钱氏本人。此外,《陈寅恪集》中三次出现的“夏五”一词至为关键,却很少引起学界注意;有的学者已经认识到《柳如是别传》中“红豆”意象的重要性——它不仅牵引全书结构、寄托情感,且《咏红豆并序》与《题〈有学集〉并序》一并构成全书的著述之眼,但“红豆”意象却须与“夏五”合观,才足以挖掘出它对于“陈寅恪—钱谦益”心史对应性的核心内涵。“夏五”一词实为陈寅恪有意留下的破译其撰写《柳如是别传》真实意图的暗码。

山西省红芸豆根瘤菌的筛选及其促生效果研究

红芸豆作为山西省重要的小杂粮作物,普遍存在结瘤率、产量和品质低等问题,接种根瘤菌是解决这些难题的有效途径。以‘英国红’红芸豆为供试材料,利用从红芸豆根系中分离出的10株根瘤菌进行接种试验,共11个处理。结果表明,从山西省忻州市红芸豆主栽区红芸豆根瘤中分离的根瘤菌分属Rhizobium indicum和Rhizobium etli,其中Rhizobium indicum的RH64菌株固氮酶活性和胞外多糖含量最高,分别达到253.22 U·L^(-1)和415.43 mg·L^(-1);RH130菌株分泌吲哚乙酸(IAA)能力最强,为40.12 mg·L^(-1),RH102菌株溶解有机磷和无机磷能力最强,分别为166.84和4.12 mg·L^(-1)。盆栽回接试验结果表明,接种根瘤菌后显著促进了红芸豆的生长及结瘤能力,与对照相比,回接根瘤菌红芸豆株高、植株地上部鲜重、结瘤数分别显著增加了2.22%~20.23%、34.92%~138.00%、26~173个(P<0.05),其中RH64表现最好,显著优于其他菌株。相关性分析表明,根瘤菌固氮酶活性和胞外多糖含量与红芸豆结瘤存在着极显著的相关性,而根瘤菌IAA和溶磷作用则能够显著促进红芸豆植株生长与根部发育。从山西省忻州市筛选的10株根瘤菌中,RH64具有较强的结瘤和促生能力,且与主栽红芸豆品种高效匹配,适用于山西省忻州地区的红芸豆生产。

低温下不同光照对菜豆幼苗生长与光合特性的影响

【目的】阐明菜豆响应低温光照胁迫的生理机制。【方法】试验设置正常温光管理(CK)、低温下高光(T1)和弱光(T2)处理,研究光照对菜豆幼苗生长、叶绿素含量、气体交换、荧光参数和抗氧化系统的影响并进行相关性与主成分分析。【结果】低温光照胁迫抑制菜豆幼苗生长,与CK相比,T1和T2处理7 d幼苗株高、茎粗、叶面积、总根长、总根表面积和平均根系直径分别降低18.3%和18.9%、14.6%和19.5%、36.7%和38.5%、21.8%和24.8%、8.7%和14.0%、5.5%和7.3%。随胁迫时间延长,净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))和蒸腾速率(T_(r))降低,胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))升高。PSⅡ的最大光化学效率(F_(V)/F_(m)),实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))和光化学淬灭系数(qP)降低,非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)升高。叶绿素a(Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlb)和总叶绿素[Chl (a+b)]含量降低,叶绿素a/b升高。丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢(H_(2)O_(2))含量增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性呈先升后降的趋势,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量呈下降趋势,谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性呈上升趋势。相关性分析表明,P_(n)与T_(r)、qP呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与MAD显著负相关(P<0.05)。主成分分析显示,提取到特征值>1的2个主成分,方差累计贡献率为95.002%。依据主成分得分排序,芸豆在低温不同光照胁迫处理下CK>T>t。【结论】低温弱光较低温高光胁迫对幼苗的伤害严重。

煮制加工对红豆中总黄酮含量的影响及抗氧化活性研究

以红豆中总黄酮类成分研究不同煮制加工方式对总黄酮含量影响,提取并测定总黄酮,研究其抗氧化活性。本实验以料液比、煮制时间、浸泡时间为考察因素,通过单因素实验控制可变量来确定最佳提取条件,且用紫外光法测定总黄酮含量,并在最佳条件下采用DPPH法测定抗氧化活性。单因素实验得到最佳的料液比、浸泡时间、煮制时间分别为1∶30、20 min、60 min,在最佳条件下总黄酮提取率达到最大26.87%。该法煮制提取的红豆总黄酮有较好的抗氧化活性。

红豆糯米饼的工艺研究与品质控制

在保证食品安全的前提下,对红豆糯米饼配方进行优化,并探讨低温储藏对产品的影响。采用单因素试验对糯米面皮所需的牛奶含量、糖含量,馅料红豆沙的添加量,以及烘焙的温度和时间进行研究。应用正交试验对牛奶添加量、烘焙温度和烘焙时间进行优化。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为60 g糯米粉,白砂糖6 g、牛奶55 g、红豆沙20 g,190℃烘烤16 min。样品放置一周后,硬度、内聚性和咀嚼性测定数值均表现为上升。

创新型红豆露酒的工艺探究

露酒主要是以酒基和原辅料按照生产工艺加工而成。其原辅料可供选择的品种很多,具有强大的优势。如:宫丁香、枸杞、人参、蛇、当归、动物、动物的骨骼等等,可以说,凡是中医能够入药的品种,基本上都能按照生产工艺而生产露酒。主要论述了红豆越橘的生长环境、功效与作用及红豆酒材料的筛选、生产工艺等,为红豆酒的发展提供一些理论依据。

基于HS-SPME-GC-MS和PCA分析野生红豆越橘与苹果汁最佳混酿比例的研究

以野生红豆越橘和苹果汁为原料,研究两者不同混酿比例对野生红豆越橘混酿果酒理化指标、香气成分和感官特性的影响。采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)和主成分分析(PCA)方法对不同混酿比例的野生红豆越橘果酒进行香气成分分析。结果表明:9种样品中共检测出154种香气成分,其中共有成分17种,醇类、酯类是野生红豆越橘果酒香气的重要组成部分。主成分分析结果显示,9种样品中共提取出8个主成分,其中第一主成分共45种,贡献率为36.935%,第一主成分包括大马士酮、癸酸、苯乙酮等。感官评价结果显示,野生红豆越橘与苹果汁体积比例为4∶6的酒样感官评分最高,为90分,酒体口感清爽,醇香浓郁,典型性强。由此可知,野生红豆越橘与苹果汁体积比为4∶6的酒样能完全发酵,野生红豆越橘与苹果果香平衡协调,其他比例混酿果酒醇类或酸类较高,香气复杂,口感粗糙。