Investigation and Analysis of Autumn and Winter Ornamental Landscape Plants in Kuitun City of Xinjiang

Through field investigation on autumn and winter ornamental landscape plants in representative main roads, residential areas and parks of Kuitun City and based on relevant materials, the disposition and landscaping of these plants were analyzed from the perspectives of plant species, ornamental characteristics and landscape creation. The result showed that autumn and winter landscape plants in Kuitun City were primarily evergreen coniferous and deciduous trees outstanding for their shapes and colors, and that landscape was created through different types of plant disposition. Especially colors of trunks, barks, leaves, winter buds and fruits' colors provided favorable conditions for appreciating plants in autumn and winter. Finally, suggestions were proposed according to the investigation and analysis of autumn and winter ornamental plants in Kuitun City, so as to provide reference for future construction and development of landscape plants.

Investigation and Analysis of Plant Landscape during Autumn and Winter in Kunming City

Through categorizing common autumn and winter garden plants with high ornamental value in Kunming City, plant furnishing patterns to highlight the autumn and winter landscape features of this city are proposed by combining with the application cases, and suggestions are given to improve plant landscape in Kunming City.

Effects of Different Sowing Times on Plant Height, Leaf Stem Ratio and DW/FW Ratio of Forage Sorghum in Autumn Idle Land

The aim was to explore the linear regression prediction models between sowing time and plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum in autumn idle land. [Method] The relationships between sowing time and plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum were simulated and compared by employing field plot experiment and linear regression analysis. [Result] The sowing time had a great impact on plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum in autumn idle land. With the delay of sowing time, the plant height and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum decreased, while the leaf stem ratio increased. The regression models between sowing time and plant height, leaf stem ratio and DW/FW ratio of forage sorghum were established： plant height and sowing time, yheight = 234.725- 5.005X; leaf stem ratio and sowing time,ylcaf= 0.096 ＋ 0,019x; DW/FW ratio and sowing time, ydry= 0.305-0.002X. From July 23rd to August 30th, the plant height of forage sorghum was reduced by 5.005 cm, the leaf stem ratio was increased by 0.019 and the DW/FW ratio was reduced by 0.002 in average when hhe sowing time was delayed by one day. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical support for the production of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.

Effects of Increased Planting Density with ReducedNitrogen Application on Yield Formation and NitrogenUtilization of Autumn Maize

With the change of cropping system in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River,the planting area of autumn maize is gradually increasing.However,the cultivation techniques are still under improvement for higher yield and nitrogen efficiency of autumn maize.Increase in planting density with reduced nitrogen fertilizer application is one of the important paths to achieve high yield and high nitrogen utilization efficiency.Meanwhile,the effect needs to be verified for autumn maize.The semi-compact autumn maize variety Qinyu 58 was planted under different planting densities and nitrogen fertilizer amounts with the split plot design.Different nitrogen application rates were arranged in the main plots,including the conventional nitrogen application(N300,300 kg/hm^2),30%reduction from the conventional treatment(N210,210 kg/hm^2)and no nitrogen application(N0).Different planting densities were arranged in the sub-split plots,including the conventional planting density(D60,60000 plants/hm2),medium density(D78,78000 plants/hm^2)and high density(D93,93000 plants/hm2).The effects of nitrogen fertilizer,planting density and their interaction effects on canopy structure,dry matter accumulation,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of autumn maize were studied.The nitrogen application rate and planting density had obvious interaction effects on the yield formation of autumn maize.Compared with the conventional cultivation(N300D60),increasing the planting density with 30%reduction in nitrogen application(N210)can obviously increase the canopy light interception rate,LAI,dry matter accumulation and yield.However,there was no significant change in canopy light interception rate,LAI,dry matter accumulation,grain weight and yield between D93 and D78.Compared with N300D60,nitrogen translocation efficiency and nitrogen contribution proportion to grain nitrogen did not change significantly in autumn maize grown under N210 and D78 treatments,whereas nitrogen partial productivity,nitrogen agronomic efficiency and recovery and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer increased significantly.Moreover,high density(D93)planting at N210 plots significantly improved nitrogen transport efficiency and utilization efficiency in autumn maize.Therefore,the suitable planting density of the autumn maize variety Qinyu 58 in Hubei Province is recommended a value of 78000 plants/hm^2,with the nitrogen application rate of 210 kg/hm2,which can achieve the target of higher yield by increasing density and reducing nitrogen.

Establishment and Analysis of Regression Models between Sowing Time and Plant Productivity, Biological Yield of Forage Sorghum in Autumn Idle Land

[Objective]The aim was to establish the linear regression prediction models between sowing time and plant productivity, biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land.[Method]The relationships between sowing time and plant productivity, biological yield of forage sorghum were simulated and compared by using field experiment and linear regression analysis.[Result] The sowing time had an important influence on the plant productivity and biological yield of forage sorghum in autumn idle land. The plant productivity and biological yield of forage sorghum both decreased with the delay of sowing time.The regression model between plant fresh weight and sowing time was ？fresh=0.618-0.015x; the regression model between plant dry weight and sowing time was ？dry=0.184-0.005x; and the regression model between biological yield and sowing time was yield=29 126.461-711.448x. During July 23rd to August 30th, when the sowing time was delayed by 1 day, the plant fresh weight of forage sorghum was reduced by 0.015 g, the plant dry weight was reduced by 0.005 g, and the yield was reduced by 711.448 kg/hm2. [Conclusion] The three regression models established in this study will provide theoretical support for the production of forage sorghum.

引黄灌区秋浇模式的多目标优化与时空特征评价

基于多目标在区域尺度实现河套灌区秋浇模式的优化对保证灌区粮食安全、用水安全和生态安全具有重要意义。基于率定验证后的分布式SWAP-WOFOST模型对2000-2017年河套灌区不同秋浇模式和种植条件下的模拟结果,以作物产量、水分生产力(Water Productivity,WP)、地下水埋深(Groundwater Depth,GWD)、土壤含水量(Soil Water Content,SWC)和土壤含盐量(Soil Salt Content,SSC)为评价指标,通过AHP-CRITIC-熵值法-TOPSIS综合评价法,分别对河套灌区3种主要作物(春小麦、春玉米和向日葵)种植条件下适宜的秋浇模式进行优选和评价,并对3种主要作物在推荐秋浇模式下的种植结构进行初步区划。结果显示:在推荐的秋浇模式下河套灌区3种作物的多年平均产量分别为4945、8332和3496 kg/hm^(2),多年平均WP分别为1.15、1.82和1.04 kg/m^(3),节省秋浇引黄灌溉水量约14.8%~30.7%。基于推荐的秋浇模式区划后春小麦、春玉米和向日葵的种植面积分别占灌区总面积的21.1%、37.8%和41.1%,在此种植结构下可节省约3.04亿m^(3)的秋浇引黄灌溉水量。

太原市5种常绿植物入冬期间叶片SPAD值的变化特征

SPAD值能够反映植物叶片叶绿素含量,是表征植物生长状况的重要指标.以太原市5种常绿植物为研究对象,分别测定其在入冬期间的SPAD值,结合气象数据,运用方差分析、主成分分析和相关性分析,总结其在入冬期间SPAD值的变化特征.结果表明:入冬期间,刚竹和胶东卫矛的SPAD值整体表现为随时间推移而逐渐降低的趋势;巴山箬竹的SPAD值随时间推移变化幅度较小;刚竹、胶东卫矛的SPAD值与气温之间呈显著正相关(P<0.01),粗榧的SPAD值则与气温之间呈显著负相关(P<0.01),表明这三种植物的SPAD值受温度影响较大;小叶黄杨的SPAD值与相对湿度呈显著负相关(P<0.05);主成分分析将6个气象指标归纳成两个综合因子,分别为直接对叶片SPAD值影响的温度和间接对叶片SPAD值影响的相对湿度和日照时长.在园林应用方面,5种常绿植物在太原市入冬期均表现良好.本研究可为太原市园林植物选择、配置及养护管理提供参考依据.

秋冬季松材线虫在马尾松中的分布特征

秋冬季是松材线虫病普查及枯死松树采伐的重要时期,探究该时期松材线虫在马尾松中的空间分布特征,可有效提高松材线虫检测效率。通过松材线虫分离和形态学观察,研究秋冬季松材线虫在马尾松不同部位的分布特征。结果表明,秋季松材线虫在不同部位的检出率和数量分别为66.67%~78.00%和321.83~429.56条·g-1,显著高于冬季的33.33%~52.67%和33.00~52.82条·g-1。同时,秋季松材线虫在马尾松主干内的分布为8~11 m数量较多,尤其是距离顶梢1 m的位置,虫口密度达到最高的1349.50条·g-1。说明秋季更适合开展松材线虫病普查,在这一时期,马尾松主干的一级侧枝和主干上部是重点取样检测部位,利于提高松材线虫检出率和检测效率,缩短检测鉴定时间,降低调查成本。

Is bi-seasonal germination an optimal choice for an ephemeral plant living in a cold desert?

Research on germination strategies has been proposed as a tool for understanding the evolutionary patterns of plant species living in extreme climate conditions. Previous research has concentrated on spring-germinated plants, while there has been little investigation on the ecological significance of ephemeral plants that germinate in both autumn and spring. The biological characteristics and life history strategies of autumn-and spring-germinated plants of Hypecoum erectum L. that belongs to Hypecoum in Papaveraceae family in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert, China, were investigated from 2016 to 2017. Results showed that:(1) the interval from seedling emergence to the end of the life cycle in autumn-germinated plants(202–208 d) was significantly longer than that in spring-germinated plants(53–65 d);(2) the height, crown, principal axis and the number of leaves of autumn-germinated plants were much greater than those of spring-germinated plants;(3) allocation of dry mass to reproduction was 30.24%(±2.41%) and 10.12%(±0.68%) in autumn-and spring-germinated plants, respectively. Autumn-germinated seedlings of H. erectum had an advantage in avoiding the competition between annual and perennial herbs that had longer periods of vegetative growth.Spring-germinated seedlings need to ensure the survival of population when only a fewer autumn-germinated seedlings successfully overwinter. In an unpredictable environment, the germination strategy of bet hedging not only utilizes the resources and reduces the competition intensity in offspring,but also ensures the survival of the plant population.

春夏秋冬主题园设计——以太原和平公园为例

主题园为以某一特定主题为表达对象的观赏性游园。以太原市和平公园的春夏秋冬主题园为研究对象,比较分析我国古典园林(扬州个园、杭州西湖、佛山梁园)、国内现代园林(四盒园)和国外园林(米兰四季花园、日本Kitagata公寓、美国Oldfields四季花园、法国凡尔赛宫四季喷泉)的园林要素和象征意义,总结了春夏秋冬主题园春园、夏园、秋园、冬园的景观设计手法和技巧,并统计了主题园景观营造所运用的植物种类,以期为主题园的设计提供参考。

苏南传统村落秋季植物景观色彩研究

植物的色彩是乡村景观的重要组成部分,体现着乡村景观风貌特色。秋季色叶植物色彩表现突出,反映出乡村色彩强烈的地域化特征。以苏南地区具有代表性的传统村落秋季植物景观色彩为研究对象,根据地理学的“三生”空间概念,运用MATLAB图像处理编码提取色彩信息,通过色彩多样性、色彩均匀度等色彩因子计算,对秋季植物色彩特征进行总结归纳,以期对乡村植物景观色彩风貌特征的保护与建设提供一定的参考价值。研究表明:研究区秋季植物色彩变化区间范围为H3~H7,集中分布在暖色调色相区间;秋季植物色彩以银杏和水稻的黄色、槭属树种的红色、柑橘属果树的橙黄色为主要色彩,而香樟、枇杷及松柏类的常绿植物则为传统村落提供了背景色支撑。

马铃薯试管苗秋季种植密度对结薯及质量的影响

[目的]探究四川坝区秋季生态条件对马铃薯原原种生产的影响,提高秋季原原种生产的质量和效益。[方法]以自育品系M16-37-12和M16-14-8的试管苗为材料,研究不同种植密度对原原种结薯和薯块质量的影响。[结果]随种植密度的增加,马铃薯总粒数和单薯重大于2 g的粒数增加,而有效薯率、单株结薯数、单株有效薯粒数显著下降。2个品系单个薯块重量均与干率和淀粉含量呈正相关。单薯重14~16 g薯块发芽的芽长、直径和芽数比单薯重1~2 g的种薯高2~3倍,发芽后35 d前者薯块无萎蔫,后者水分和营养损耗大萎蔫明显。种植密度为150苗/m^(2)利润最高,M16-37-12有效薯341粒/m^(2),利润为73元/m^(2);M16-14-8有效薯378粒/m^(2),利润81元/m^(2)。[结论]通过试管苗种植密度来调节原原种的大小和数量,达到发芽质量与效益的平衡,为秋季坝区马铃薯原原种繁育提供理论依据。

时尚花卉元素多梳拉舍尔花边面料的设计开发实践

文章介绍了时尚花卉元素多梳拉舍尔蕾丝面料的设计理念、织造工艺、染整工艺及产品性能。织造结果显示面料层次效果好,具有浮雕感、耐磨、舒适性较好。

安徽省秋季连阴雨发生规律及对秋收秋种的影响

本文利用安徽省75个台站1966-2005年9月上旬-11月中旬逐日降水、日照资料,分区域、分时段统计了连阴雨的特征量,分析其时空变化规律和对秋收秋种的影响。结果表明:秋收期山区的连阴雨多于平原、南部多于北部;长连阴雨年型频率分布为山区多于平原、北部略多于南部;主要特征量的高频次和较大值随年代有加重的趋势,尤其是沿淮淮北更为明显,造成秋收作物大幅减产。秋种期各特征量地理分布规律同秋收期;时间分布与秋收期相反,秋种期连阴雨对秋播秋种的影响较小。

秋季北方城市植物群落对温湿度的影响

研究了沈阳市城市植物群落的特点,对沈阳市的城市植物群落(样地1-P1、样地2-P2、样地3-P3、样地4-P4)的温度、相对湿度进行了测定,分析了城市绿地对周围小气候的影响。在秋季,气温的日变化呈单峰型,在14:00达到最高,相对湿度的变化和气温的日变化相反,早晨最高,14:00最低。城市植物群落对周围环境具有一定的降温增湿作用,温度随着与植物群落距离的增大逐渐升高,相对湿度的变化也与温度的变化相反,随着与植物群落距离的增大逐渐降低。在城市植物群落面积相差很大的情况下(P1和P2),面积大的植物群落具有较好的降温增湿作用,尤其在12:00和14:00,P1的降温增湿作用均极显著地强于P2(P<0.01);植物群落面积大致的相等条件下(P3和P4),水体面积越大对小气候的调控能力越强,12:00和14:00,由于水分蒸发加速,水体面积大的水分蒸发量大,因此P4的降温增湿作用均极显著的强于P3(P<0.01)。但植物群落与调控小气候之间的定量关系还有待进一步研究。同时,植物群落的这种调控能力又受到城市交通的严重影响。

两种短命植物春萌秋萌个体生态生物学特征比较

短命植物是新疆北部荒漠生态系统中重要组成部分,对稳定该区沙漠生态系统、丰富物种多样性具有重要的意义。以往对短命植物的研究多集中在春季萌发的短命植物,秋季萌发的短命植物研究很少,对秋季萌发短命植物和春季萌发短命植物的生态生物学特征的异同以及它们对稳定荒漠生态系统的意义缺乏了解。选择小车前(Plantago minuta)和尖喙牻牛儿苗(Erodium oxyrrhynchum)为研究对象,采用野外定点标记观测和室内分析结合的方法,研究了两种短命植物春季萌发和秋季萌发两种表现型在冠幅、生物量、物候期、菌根侵染率等生态生物学特征方面的差异性。结果表明:秋季萌发的小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗能够在覆雪下越冬,其单株的冠幅、叶片数量、干重等均远远大于同一时期生长的春季萌发的小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗,尤其是单株结种数量更是比春季萌发小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗的高13.0和4.4倍;秋季萌发的小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗的花期分别比春季萌发小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗早14和7d,植株黄枯期和成熟期分别提早3和4d;此外,秋季萌发小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗各时期的菌根侵染率也显著高于同期春季萌发小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗。本研究得到以下结论:秋季萌发的小车前和尖喙牻牛儿苗在稳定和扩大其后代种群繁衍能力、提高防风固沙能力、稳定荒漠生态系统等方面具有重要意义。

不同绿茶品种秋季叶绿素与光合效率比较及相关性研究

选择3年生树龄的树冠面枝梢第3～5片叶片，测定分析了在秋季同等条件下不同品种与不同叶位的叶绿素含量与光合效率变化及相关性。结果表明：不同品种和叶位的叶绿素含量极显著相关，以南江大叶茶和第5片叶片叶绿素含量最高。光化学效率（Fv／Fm、Fv／Fo）以福鼎大白茶和第3片叶片最大，光化学效率与叶绿素含量并不完全一致，在第4、5叶位极显著负相关，可将第4、5片叶的叶绿素b含量作为高光效的选择指标之一。

不同播期与密度对江西秋芝麻产量和品质的影响

在江西红壤旱地研究了播期和密度对秋芝麻农艺性状、经济性状、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:播期对芝麻株高、主茎果轴长和单株干物质重有显著的影响,其中7月1日播种的株高最高,单株干物质重最重;种植密度对始蒴部位和主茎果轴长有显著的影响,随着密度的增加,始蒴部位有升高的趋势,而主茎果轴长有缩短的趋势;播期对芝麻单株蒴果数和产量均有显著的影响,提早播种有利于单株蒴果数和产量的提高;密度和播期对芝麻含油量的影响不显著;最适宜的播期和密度组合为7月10日播种、种植密度45.0万株/hm2,在此条件下,芝麻产量最高,达1147.5kg/hm2。

黑龙江省秋季红叶植物资源观赏性评价

运用层次分析法建立了秋季红叶植物观赏性综合评价模型,对黑龙江省45种秋季红叶植物的观赏价值进行了综合评价,并根据评价结果,将其划分为4个观赏等级,为秋季红叶植物在黑龙江地区大规模的推广应用提供了理论支持和科学依据。

栽培措施对重庆秋大豆产量及农艺性状影响

采用3因素3水平正交试验来研究秋大豆品种、施肥和密度因素对农艺性状、经济性状和产量的影响。结果表明:密度是影响秋大豆产量形成的最主要因素,增加密度可显著提高秋大豆产量(P<0.05);施肥对秋大豆有效分枝数影响最大;株高、结荚高度和百粒重主要由品种自身的遗传因素决定;主茎节数、有效荚数和单株粒数受施肥和密度因素的共同影响。综合考虑,重庆地区秋大豆的最优措施为:浙春3号施用过磷酸钙675 kg.hm-2+尿素75 kg.hm-2,密度为50万株.hm-2,此时产量可达2 268.5 kg.km-2。