First platelet transfusion refractoriness in a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia: A case report

BACKGROUND Platelet transfusion is of great significance in the treatment of thrombocytopenia caused by myelosuppression during intensive chemotherapy in patients with acute leukemia.In recent years,with platelet transfusion increasing,ineffective platelet transfusion has become increasingly prominent.Generally speaking,platelet antibodies can be produced after repeated transfusion,thus rendering subsequent platelet transfusion ineffective.We report a case of first platelet transfusion refractoriness(PTR)in a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia(AML).Due to the rarity of such cases in clinical practice,there have been no relevant case reports so far.CASE SUMMARY A 51-year-old female patient attended the hospital due to throat pain and abnormal blood cells for 4 d.Her diagnosis was acute myelocytic leukemia[M2 type Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3,Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1,Nucleophosmin 1,Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog(+)high-risk group].She was treated with"IA"(IDA 10 mg day 1-3 and Ara-C 0.2 g day 1-5)chemotherapy.When her condition improved,the patient was discharged from the hospital,instructed to take medicine as prescribed by the doctor after discharge,and returned to the hospital for further chemotherapy on time.CONCLUSION We report a rare case of first platelet transfusion failure in a patient with AML during induction chemotherapy,which may be related to the production of platelet antibodies induced by antibiotics and excessive tumor load.This also suggests that we should consider the influence of antibiotics when the rare situation of first platelet transfusion failure occurs in patients with AML.When platelet antibodies are produced,immunoglobulins can be used to block antibodies,thereby reducing platelet destruction.For patients with PTR,both immune and non-immune factors need to be considered and combined in clinical practice along with individualized treatment to effectively solve the problem.

Chidamide,Decitabine,Cytarabine,Aclarubicin,and Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor Therapy for Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia:A Retrospective Study from a Single-Center

Objective Preclinical evidence and clinical trials have suggested synergistic effects of epigenetic modifiers in combination with cytotoxic agents for the treatment of leukemia.However,their efficacy in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia(R/R AML)remains unclear.Methods Clinical data of R/R AML patients who received a CDCAG regimen(chidamide,decitabine,cytarabine,aclarubicin,and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor)from July 1,2018 to October 31,2021 at our center were retrospectively assessed,and the safety and efficacy of the CDCAG regimen were evaluated.Patients were followed up until November 30,2021,with a median follow-up of 21.6 months(95%CI:10.0–33.2 months).Results A total of 67 patients were enrolled.Two patients died within 3 weeks after the initiation,and therefore only 65 patients underwent the assement for clinical response and survival.It was found that 56.9%patients achieved complete remission with a median overall survival(OS)of 9.6 months.The median OS of responders was 25.9 months,while that of non-responders was 5.0 months(P<0.0001).Patients with gene mutations had a superior overall response rate(ORR)(80.4%vs.45.5%,P=0.043)compared to those without gene mutations.The presence of DNA methyltransferase 3 A(DNMT3A),ten-eleven translocation-2(TET2),and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2(IDH1/2)mutations did not affect the response rate(88.2%vs.68.9%,P=0.220)and reflected a better OS(not attained vs.9.0 months,P=0.05).The most common non-hematologic adverse events were pulmonary infection(73.1%),followed by febrile neutropenia(23.9%)and sepsis(19.4%).Conclusions The CDCAG regimen was effective and well-tolerated in R/R AML patients,increasing the potential for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Moreover,patients with DNMT3A,TET2,and IDH1/2 mutations might benefit from this regimen.

Efficacy and Prognosis of Venetoclax Combined with Hypomethylating Agents in the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and prognosis of venetoclax combined with hypomethylating agents(HMAs)in the treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods:From June 2021 to February 2022,14 patients with relapsed/refractory AML were treated with venetoclax combined with HMAs,among which nine patients were treated with venetoclax+azacytidine,while five patients were treated with venetoclax+decitabine.The efficacy of the treatments was observed,and the patients were followed up.Results:All patients received one to five courses of treatment,in which the median course of treatment was three;four cases achieved CR and another four achieved PR,with NR in six cases;there was no treatment-related death.There were seven deaths up to the end of the follow-up period,all of which were progressive deaths at the end of the disease,and the overall survival rate was 50.00%.All the patients experienced different degrees of nausea,vomiting,and myelosuppression(Grade Ⅱ–Ⅳ),nine patients had Grade 3–4 hematological adverse reactions,and seven patients had infection.Conclusion:Venetoclax combined with hypomethylating agents is effective in the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML,with good prognosis,and some patients may even achieve CR.Although bone marrow suppression is serious with this combination,it is well tolerated.

CAGE Regimen in the Treatment of Adult Refractory Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia

Objective:To observe the effect of CAGE regimen in the treatment of adult refractory acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.Methods:In this experiment,86 adult patients with refractory acute non-lymphocytic leukemia who were treated between January 2018 and January 2022 were selected as experimental subjects and were divided into two groups,the observation group and the control group,according to different treatment methods,with 43 patients in each group.The observation group was treated with the CAGE regimen,whereas the control group was treated with conventional therapy.The disease remission rate and incidence of adverse reactions were observed.Results:The comparison of disease remission rates between the two groups showed that there was no significant difference in the results of the first course of treatment and the second course of treatment between the two groups(P>0.05),but the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:The CAGE regimen has a significant therapeutic effect in the treatment of adult refractory acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.It improves the treatment advantage of patients during the treatment process,thus alleviating the condition of patients and improving their quality of life.

Efficacy Observation of Pre-Excitation Regimen in the Treatment of Refractory Relapsed Acute Non-Lymphocytic Leukemia

Objective:To explore the clinical effect of applying the pre-excitation regimen in the treatment of patients with refractory relapsed acute non-lymphocytic leukemia(ANLL).Methods:This research work was carried out in our hospital(Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital)from September 2021 to September 2022.A total of 50 cases were selected for this study,and all were given a pre-excitation treatment plan,mainly low-dose cytarabine,aclarithromycin,etoposide,granulocyte colony-stimulating factor,and more were implemented.The clinical intervention effect was then analyzed.Results:Among the 50 patients in this study,the results showed that the treatment was very effective for 22 cases,accounting for 44.00%;effective for 14 cases,accounting for 28.00%;and ineffective for 14 cases,accounting for 28.00%.The total rate of effectiveness was 72.00%.The hematopoietic system adverse reactions of the patients were mainly bone marrow suppression.All 50 patients had different degrees of blood count decline,among which some patients’neutrophils were less than 0.5×10^(9)/L.The median time was 7 days.Among them,25 patients had infection problems,the incidence rate was 50.00%,the patient’s platelet count PLT<20×109/L,and the median time was 10 days.At the same time,among the 50 patients in this study,34(68.00%)patients had symptoms such as loss of appetite,nausea,vomiting,and fatigue,17(34.00%)patients showed hair loss,mildly elevated transaminases were observed in 8(16.00%)patients,and 11(22.00%)patients had muscle soreness.Conclusion:In the treatment of patients with refractory complex acute non-lymphocytic leukemia,the application of pre-excitation regimen has a significant effect,which can improve the adverse symptoms of patients,reduce the incidence of adverse reactions,and promote the recovery of patients.

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in recurrent pancreatitis of pediatric asparaginase-associated pancreatitis

BACKGROUND Asparaginase(ASP)is an important drug in combined chemotherapy regimens for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL);ASP-associated pancreatitis(AAP)is the main adverse reaction of ASP.Recurrent pancreatitis is a complication of AAP,for which medication is ineffective.AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)in treating recurrent pancreatitis due to AAP.METHODS From May 2018 to August 2021,ten children(five males and five females;age range:4–13 years)with AAP were treated using ERCP due to recurrent pancreatitis.Clinical data of the ten children were collected,including their sex,age,weight,ALL risk grading,clinical symptoms at the onset of pancreatitis,time from the first pancreatitis onset to ERCP,ERCP operation status,and postoperative complications.The symptomatic relief,weight change,and number of pancreatitis onsets before and after ERCP were compared.RESULTS The preoperative symptoms were abdominal pain,vomiting,inability to eat,weight loss of 2-7 kg,and 2-9 pancreatitis onsets.After the operation,nine of ten patients did not develop pancreatitis,had no abdominal pain,could eat normally;the remaining patient developed three pancreatitis onsets due to the continuous administration of ASP,but eating was not affected.The postoperative weight gain was 1.5-8 kg.There was one case of post ERCP pancreatitis and two cases of postoperative infections;all recovered after medication.CONCLUSION ERCP improved clinical symptoms and reduced the incidence of pancreatitis,and was shown to be a safe and effective method for improving the management of recurrent pancreatitis due to AAP.

Ivosidenib in Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutated acute myeloid leukemia:a registry study

Ivosidenib,an isocitrate dehydrogenase 1(IDH1)inhibitor,has demonstrated clinical benefits in a pivotal study(AG120-C-001)in patients with IDH1-mutated(mIDH1)acute myeloid leukemia(AML).A registry study(CS3010-101:NCT04176393)was conducted to assess the pharmacokinetic(PK)characteristics,safety,and efficacy of ivosidenib in Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory(R/R)mIDH1 AML.Patients received ivosidenib 500 mg once daily for 28-day cycles until disease progression.Ten subjects underwent intensive PK/progressive disease(PD)assessments.All subjects had the clinical response assessed at screening,every 28 days through month 12,and then every 56 days.Between November 12,2019,and April 2,2021,30 patients were enrolled;26(86.7%)had de novo AML and 18(60.0%)were transfusion-dependent at baseline.Following single and repeated doses of ivosidenib,median time to maximum plasma concentration(T_(max))was 4.0 and 2.0 hours,respectively.The inter-individual variability of pharmacokinetic exposure was moderate to high(coefficient of variation[CV],25%–53%).No obvious accumulation was observed after repeated doses at cycle 2 day 1.Regarding the clinical response,the CR+CRh rate was 36.7%(95%confidence interval[CI]:19.9%–56.1%),the median duration of CR+CRh was 19.7 months(95%CI:2.9 months–not reached[NR]),and median duration of response(DoR)was 14.3 months(95%CI:6.4 months–NR).Consistent clinical benefits and safety of ivosidenib were consistently observed at the final data cutoff with median follow-up time 26.0 months,as compared with primary data cutoff,and the data from Chinese R/R mIDH1 AML patients were also consistent with results from pivotal study.

Compound Zhebei granules combined with chemotherapy for the treatment of refractory acute leukemia: a randomized clinical trial

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of compound Zhebei granules(CZBG) with chemotherapy in the treatment of refractory acute leukemia.METHODS: In this multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we used a central(online) randomization system to assign 235 patients to two treatment groups. A total of 118 patients received chemotherapy combined with CZBG(4 g,twice daily) and 117 patients received chemotherapy plus placebo. The clinical efficacy was evaluated at the end of one chemotherapeutic cycle.RESULTS: In the full analysis set, in which deaths due to disease progression were regarded as inefficacy, the rates of complete remission(CR) and partial remission(CR + PR) were 32.35% and 50.00%,respectively, for the chemotherapy combined with CZBG group, and 23.08% and 35.58%, respectively,for the chemotherapy plus placebo group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups according to a ysis set(PPχ2test(P < 0.05). In the per protocol analS), the CR(33.67%),CR+PR(52.04%) response rates for the chemotherapy plus CZBG group were significantly different from the response rates of the control group(CR:24.24% and CR+PR: 37.37%), respectively(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: CZBG plus chemotherapy can improve the clinical remission rate of refractory acute leukemia after one just one therapeutic cycle.

Re-induction with modified CLAG regimen in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia in children bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Background The prognosis for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia(RR-AML)in children is poor,and the preferred salvage chemotherapy is unclear.One regimen is cladribine,cytarabine,and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(CLAG),but little is known about its efficacy and safety in children with RR-AML.Methods We enrolled RR-AML patients aged 0-18 years who received modified CLAG regimen for re-induction between July 1,2015 and April 1,2018,or conventional induction between August 1,2011 and April 1,2018.Patients were followed up to March 31,2019.Patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation(allo-SCT)or chemotherapy after the induction of complete remission(CR).The CR rate,survival,and side effects were analyzed.Results The CR rate for induction was 66.7%after one cycle and 75.0%after two cycles of the CLAG regimen in 12 children.The nine children who received conventional chemotherapy had a CR rate of 22.2%after one cycle and 33.3%after two cycles(P=0.087 vs.CLAG).The 3-year event-free survival(EFS)of the CLAG group and the conventional treatment group were 44.4±15.7%and 22.2±13.8%(P=0.112).The 3-year overall survival of the two groups were 59.5±16.2%and 22.2%±13.8%(P=0.057).The 3-year EFS for allo-SCT and chemotherapy after CLAG regimen was 66.7±19.2%and 25.0±21.7%(P=0.015).A single case of chemotherapy-related death was recorded.Conclusion Our data suggest a promising CR rate using CLAG salvage treatment in childhood RR-AML.Allo-SCT after CR may improve the long-term outcome in these patients.

Efficacy and Safety of Unmanipulated Haploidentical Related Donor AIIogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Background： Studies of haploidentical-related donor （HRD） stem cell transplantation using a combination of peripheral blood stem cells （PBSCs） and bone marrow as the graft have reported encouraging results for patients with hematological diseases. However, few studies specifically reported transplantation of only PBSCs from HRDs among patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia （AML）. Here, the long-term outcomes and side effects of unmanipulated HRD PBSC transplantation （HRD-PBSCT） for relapsed/refractory AML were analyzed. Methods： We performed a retrospective analysis of the outcomes in relapsed/refractory AML patients who underwent PBSCT from HRDs （n = 36）. Results： Thirty-one （86.1%） patients in the HRD-PBSCT group achieved platelet recovery. The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease （aGVHD） in the HRD-PBSCT group was 40.00%, and the cumulative incidence of grades 2-4 aGVHD in this group was 13.33%. A total of 13 patients in the HRD-PBSCT group had recurrent disease at a median of 183 days after transplantation （range： 10-1700 days）, reaching cumulative incidences of relapse of 50.28% at 5 years. On multivariate analysis, donor age and patient age 〉40 years were independent risk factors for inferior disease-free survival or overall survival （P 〈 0.05）. The results of the present study demonstrate rapid and complete neutrophil engraftment, a low incidence of grade 2-4 aGVHD, and promising survival rates in patients after HRD-PBSCT. Thus, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-primed PBSCs may be a reliable graft source in unmanipulated HRD-HSCT under myeloablative conditioning when no matched sibling donor is available. Conclusions： Our results support the feasibility, effectiveness, and tolerability of PBSCs as a graft source in unmanipulated HRD transplantation under myeloablative conditioning in patients with leukemia.

Optimized therapeutic strategy for patients with refractory or relapsed acutemyeloid leukemia:long-term clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life assessment

Background:Patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia(AML)have poor survival,necessitating the exploration of optimized therapeutic strategy.Here,we aimed to investigate clinical outcomes and health-related quality of life(HR-QoL)after total therapy,which included allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT),and prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion(DLI)in the early phase after transplantation,followed bymultiplemeasurable residual disease(MRD)and graft-versus-host disease(GvHD)-guided DLIs.Methods:Consecutive patients who had refractory or relapsed AML and had received non-T-cell-depleted allo-HSCT at Peking University Institute of Hematology were included in the study.If the patients achieved complete remission at 30 days after transplantation and had no evidence of relapse,severe infection,organ failure,and active GvHD at the time of planned DLI,prophylactic DLI was administered at 30 days after transplantation for human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-matched related HSCT or at 45-60 days after transplantation for haploidentical or unrelated HSCT.Subsequently,multiple DLIs were administered based on MRD results and whether they developed GvHD after transplantation.Results:A total of 105 patients were eligible.Eighty-seven patients received prophylactic DLI(group B),while 18 did not receive prophylactic DLI(group A).Among 105 patients,the cumulative incidence of grade 2-4 acute GvHD and chronic GvHDwas 40.6%(95%confidence interval[CI]=30.6%-50.6%)and 73.3%(95%CI=67.4%-79.2%),respectively.The cumulative incidence of relapse(CIR),transplant-related mortality(TRM),and leukemia-free survival(LFS)at 5 years after transplantation were 31.5%(95%CI=21.9%-41.1%),22.1%(95%CI=11.3%-32.9%),and 46.4%(95%CI=36.8%-56.0%),respectively.In group B,the CIR,TRM,and LFS at 5 years after transplantation were 27.6%(95%CI=17.6%-37.6%),21.6%(95%CI=11.2%-32.0%),and 50.8%(95%CI=40.0%-61.6%),respectively.At the end of follow-up,48 patients survived,and more than 90%of survivors had satisfactory recoveries of HR-QoL.Conclusions:Our study indicated that total therapy is not only associated with decreased CIR,comparable TRM,and better long-term LFS,but also with satisfactoryHR-QoL for refractory or relapsed AML,compared with those of standard of care therapy reported previously.Therefore,total therapymay be an optimized therapeutic strategy for refractory or relapsed AML.

Clinical Research of Compound Zhebei Granules for Increasing the Therapeutic Effect of Chemotherapy in Refractory Acute Leukemia Patients

Objective: To observe the effects of Compound Zhebei Granules (复方浙贝颗粒 CZG) in chemotherapy for refractory acute leukemia. Method: Using a randomized, double-blind and multi-central concurrent control clinical research project,the patients conformed with the diagnostic criteria, according to the drug randomized method, were divided into a CZG group and a control group. The patients of the two groups respectively took the observation drug or a placebo 3 days before chemotherapy, and the therapeutic effects were evaluated after one course of chemotherapy. According to the clinical research project, 137 patients were enrolled, including 71 cases in the CZG group and 66 cases in the control group. Results: The clinical complete remission (CR) rate was 42.3% in the CZG group with a total effective rate of 73.2%, and it was 25.8% in the control group with a total effective rate of 53.0%, showing a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: CZG can increase the clinical remission rate for refractory acute leukemia during chemotherapy.

CD19 CAR-T细胞治疗难治/复发急性B淋巴细胞白血病儿童及青少年患者的疗效及安全性

目的探讨CD19嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)治疗对于儿童及青少年难治/复发急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2021年3月接受CD19 CAR-T治疗的<25岁难治/复发B-ALL患者的临床资料,评估该疗法的疗效及安全性。结果共纳入64例难治/复发B-ALL患者,男35例、女29例,中位年龄8.5(1.0~17.0)岁。CD 19 CAR-T回输后1个月进行短期疗效评估,64例患者均获得完全缓解(CR)/完全缓解兼部分血细胞计数缓解(CRi),其中有62例患者达骨髓微小残留病灶(MRD)阴性。细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)及免疫效应细胞相关神经毒性综合征(ICANS)发生率分别为78.1%及23.4%。共22例患者复发,中位复发时间10.1个月,4年总生存(OS)率为(66.0±6.0)%,4年无白血病生存(LFS)率为(63.0±6.0)%。长期随访结果显示桥接异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)患者的LFS和OS率均优于未桥接移植患者(4年LFS率:81.8%±6.2%对24.0%±9.8%,4年OS率:81.4%±5.9%对44.4%±11.2%;均P<0.01)。结论CD 19 CAR-T可有效治疗难治/复发B-ALL,输注后桥接allo-HSCT能进一步改善患者的长期生存情况。

CCCG-ALL-2015方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病复发的危险因素分析

目的分析儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(acute lymphoblastic leukemia,ALL)经中国儿童肿瘤协作组急性淋巴细胞白血病2015方案(Chinese Children's Cancer Group ALL-2015 protocol,CCCG-ALL-2015)治疗后的累积复发率(cumulative incidence of relapse,CIR),并探讨影响复发的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月—2019年12月接受CCCG-ALL-2015方案治疗的852例患儿的临床资料,计算CIR并分析影响儿童急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)复发的危险因素。结果852例ALL患儿中,146例(17.1%)发生复发,8年CIR为(19.8±1.6)%。B-ALL与急性T淋巴细胞白血病患儿的8年CIR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。146例复发患儿中,复发时间主要集中于极早期(62例,42.5%)和早期(46例,31.5%),极早期单纯骨髓复发42例(28.8%),早期单纯骨髓复发27例(18.5%)。Cox比例风险回归模型分析显示,融合基因MLLr阳性(HR=4.177,95%CI:2.086~8.364,P<0.001)和第46天微小残留病≥0.01%(HR=2.013,95%CI:1.163~3.483,P=0.012)是B-ALL患儿经CCCG-ALL-2015方案治疗后复发的危险因素。结论儿童ALL经CCCG-ALL-2015方案治疗后仍有较高的复发率,以极早期和早期单纯骨髓复发常见;第46天微小残留病≥0.01%、融合基因MLLr阳性与B-ALL复发密切相关。

Efficacy and safety analysis of the combination of cladribine,cytarabine,granulocyte colony stimulating factor( CLAG ) regime in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia

Objective To analyze efficacy and safety of CLAG regimen in patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia(AML).Methods Efficacy and adverse events of patients with refractory or relapsed AML who were treated with one course of CLAG from April 1st,2014 through December 9th,2015 in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed.Results Thirty-three

维奈克拉方案治疗复发/难治性急性髓系白血病的临床研究

目的:评价维奈克拉(venetoclax,VEN)快速剂量递增、最长治疗时间为14天,联合低剂量阿糖胞苷(low-dose cytarabine,LDAC)方案挽救治疗复发/难治性急性髓系白血病(relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia,R/RAML)的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2018年10月至2023年11月于江苏大学附属医院接受VEN+LDAC方案挽救治疗的16例R/R AML患者,所有患者既往均未接受过含VEN方案治疗。该方案VEN的剂量第1天为200 mg,其后均为400 mg固定剂量;LDAC 20 mg/m^(2)/d皮下注射。患者在治疗第8天复查骨髓,根据骨髓增生情况决定总疗程为10天还是14天。所有患者均不给予VEN单药治疗。有治疗反应的患者采用相同方案维持直到疾病进展或移植。结果:本研究纳入的R/R AML患者,中位随诊时间为27.5个月。治疗期间未发生有临床表现的肿瘤溶解综合症(tumor lysis syndrome,TLS)。治疗后总反应率(overall response rate,ORR)为68.75%,其中4例达完全缓解(complete response,CR),1例达血液学未恢复的完全缓解(CR with incomplete hematologic recovery,CRi),6例达部分缓解(partial response,PR)。达最佳疗效的治疗周期中位数为1个周期。中位总生存期(overall survival,OS)为5.8(0.5~47.2)个月,中位无进展生存期(progression-free survival,PFS)为22.2(7.3~42.9)个月。发生的不良反应主要为3~4级的血液学不良事件和感染。结论:本研究根据治疗第8天骨髓复查结果调整用药天数的VEN+LDAC方案,对于既往没有接受过含VEN方案治疗的R/R AML患者有较好的安全性和有效率。即使14天的VEN+LDAC治疗也是安全的。

贝林妥欧单抗联合化疗治疗难治复发ALL患者的疗效及其对血清IL-6、IL-17水平的影响

目的探讨贝林妥欧单抗联合化疗治疗难治复发急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者的疗效及其对血清白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-17水平的影响。方法回顾性选取2017年1月至2024年1月在该院接受治疗的78例难治复发ALL患者作为研究对象,根据治疗方案不同将难治复发ALL患者分为研究组和对照组,每组39例。研究组采用HyperCVAD方案+贝林妥欧单抗治疗,费城染色体阳性(PH+)患者加用达沙替尼治疗,对照组采用HyperCVAD方案治疗,PH+患者加用达沙替尼治疗,两组均治疗1个疗程。治疗1个疗程后评估患者临床疗效;比较两组治疗前、治疗1个疗程后血常规指标[白细胞计数(WBC)、血小板计数(PLT)和血红蛋白(Hb)]及血清IL-6、IL-17水平;采用Kendall′s tau相关分析血清IL-6、IL-7水平与难治复发ALL患者疗效的相关性;比较两组不良反应发生情况。结果研究组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组治疗后WBC及血清IL-6、IL-17水平均低于对照组,PLT、Hb水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。完全缓解患者血清IL-6、IL-17水平最低,其次为完全缓解伴血液学不完全恢复和难治性疾病患者,疾病进展患者最高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Kendall′s tau相关分析结果显示,血清IL-6、IL-17水平与难治复发ALL患者疗效均呈负相关(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论贝林妥欧单抗联合达沙替尼能够有效改善难治复发ALL患者血常规指标水平,减轻机体炎症反应,提升患者临床疗效,并且血清IL-6、IL-17水平与患者疗效密切相关。

榄香烯治疗老年难治/复发性急性髓系白血病个案报道并文献分析

目的为榄香烯治疗白血病的深入研究提供参考。方法回顾1例老年(65岁)难治/复发性急性髓系白血病(AML)患者复发后用榄香烯治疗获得骨髓完全缓解的过程,结合文献分析探索该方案的有效性及榄香烯可能的作用机制。结果该患者确诊后曾使用多种化学药物治疗(简称化疗)方案治疗,有一定疗效,但多次出现Ⅳ度骨髓抑制等不良反应,且疾病出现复发。使用榄香烯治疗后,原始细胞消失,微小残留病变持续阴性,生活质量明显提高。既往研究表明,榄香烯可通过直接的细胞毒作用,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,逆转多药耐药性等机制抑制白血病细胞生长。结论榄香烯可能通过调节多种关键信号通路治疗白血病,但具体机制和相关靶点尚未明晰。

改良CLAG方案治疗儿童复发/难治急性髓系白血病的疗效和安全性

目的探讨减低化疗剂量的改良CLAG方案(克拉屈滨、阿糖胞苷、粒细胞集落刺激因子)治疗复发/难治急性髓系白血病(R/R-AML)儿童的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析2016年6月至2023年4月接受改良CLAG方案治疗的R/R-AML患儿的临床资料,计算总体反应率(ORR)、不良反应发生率、总生存(OS)率和无事件生存(EFS)率。结果26例患儿中复发17例,其中1例为睾丸白血病复发,3例为骨髓2次复发,余均为骨髓首次复发,难治9例。所有患儿均完成1疗程改良CLAG方案化疗,1例未评估治疗反应桥接造血干细胞移植,余25例患儿ORR为84.0%(21/25)。复发患儿的ORR为81.3%(13/16),难治患儿的ORR为88.9%(8/9)。细胞遗传学分层为低危的患儿ORR为76.9%(10/13),中高危患儿ORR为91.7%(11/12)。所有患儿64个月的OS率和EFS率分别为69.7%和63.3%,15例治疗有反应并顺利桥接异基因造血干细胞移植的患儿64个月OS率和EFS率均为92.3%。最常见的不良反应为骨髓抑制(100%)和胃肠道反应(100%),其次为感染(57.7%)、转氨酶升高(34.6%)、出血(19.2%),1例患儿因4级颅内出血放弃,其他不良反应均经对症治疗后好转。结论减低化疗剂量的改良CLAG方案是儿童R/R-AML的一种有效、安全的治疗选择。

高通量药敏检测技术在儿童复发难治性急性白血病中的应用

目的探究高通量药敏(high-throughput drug sensitivity,HDS)检测技术在儿童复发难治性急性白血病(relapsed and refractory acute 1eukermia,RR-AL)的应用现状及分析挽救治疗方案的可行性。方法回顾性收集2021年11月—2023年10月郑州大学第一附属医院儿童血液与肿瘤科行HDS检测的RR-AL患儿的临床资料,并对药敏结果及治疗结局进行分析。结果17例RR-AL患儿接受HDS检测,复发难治性急性髓系白血病7例(41%),复发难治性急性淋巴细胞白血病10例(59%)。高度敏感化疗药物/方案的检出率为53%(9/17),中度敏感化疗药物/方案的检出率为100%(17/17)。17例RR-AL患儿高度敏感度和中度敏感度化疗药物及方案中,MOACD方案(米托蒽醌+长春新碱+阿糖胞苷+环磷酰胺+地塞米松)占比100%,单药米托蒽醌抑制率最高(94%,16/17),靶向药抑制率最高为硼替佐米(94%,16/17)。9例患儿根据HDS结果调整化疗,行造血干细胞移植4例;无病生存4例,死亡5例。8例经验化疗,行造血干细胞移植2例;无病生存4例,死亡4例。结论HDS检测技术可为儿童RR-AL筛选出高度敏感药物/方案,提高再次缓解率,为后续进行造血干细胞移植创造条件。