Experimental Precision and Variety Comparison Precision in Regional Crop Trials

According to the basic concepts of precision and the principles of analysis of variance (ANOVA), precision types for experiments and variety comparison in regional crop trials (RCT) were studied and developed; expected variety comparison precision (EVCP) and realized variety comparison precision (RVCP) and the corresponding statistical indexes of them were proposed. It was explained that experimental precision (EP) and variety comparison precision (VCP) are two kinds of precision of RCT; EP includes error precision and variety mean precision, which can be measured respectively by the coefficient of variation of single observation's error (CVe) and the coefficient of variation of variety mean's error (CVy); VCP includes EVCP and RVCP, which can be measured respectively by the detectable least relative difference (DLRD) and the relative least significant distance (RLSD); EP is an important factor of VCP but not identical to it; RVCP is the realization of EVCP. Besides error, experimental design and GE interaction and ANOVA model affect VCP. Several application examples for these precision indexes were presented, and the precision of regional cotton trials in the Yellow River Valley and the Changjiang Valley were investigated through the historical data of RCTs from 1980 to 1999.

A comparison between different ecological de-farming modes in the loess hilly-gully region in China

The eco-environmental restoration has been a chief task of the western development strategies carried out by the central and local governments of China since the late 1990s, and the ecological de-farming has been regarded as a powerful measure for the ecological restoration in the Loess Plateau and the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. "Relieving and de-farming" (RD) and "rebuilding terrace and de-farming" (RTD) are two more mature ones among various de-farming modes. Taking the loess hilly-gully region as a case, this paper summarized the basic characteristics of RD and RTD modes, calculated the sizes of de-farming slope farmland, rebuilt terraces, enlarged garden plots and restored vegetation, and compared the differences of two modes in terms of de-farming area, ecological reestablishment index, investment demand amount and benefits. The results showed that RTD mode has many advantages, including suitable investment, sufficient grain supply and great benefits, and will be the best ecological reestablishment mode in the loess hilly-gully region, and RD mode which is being carried out in this region should be replaced by RTD mode as soon as possible.

Analysis of the Comparison of Twice Regional Large Rainstorms in Northwest Yantai City

[Objective] The twice regional rainstorms in northwest Yantai in July in 2009 and July in 2010 were expounded.[Method] The twice regional rainstorm in northwest Yantai in July in 2009 and July in 2010 were selected for comparison analysis by dint of conventional and non-conventional weather data,from the aspects of circulation background,physics quantity,and radar echo,etc.[Result] The twice large rainstorm process were regional convective strong precipitation.The rainstorm fell in the northwest of Yantai and had a strong precipitation center above 200 mm.The twice large rainstorm was affected by subtropical and shear line.The rainstorm area was related to the location of 588 dagpm line,westerly trough,and shear line.It was regional rainstorm of typical subtropical edge warm and wet airstream,combination of low vortex and shear line of westerly.The precipitation occurred around the center of water vapor flux;K index had pretty good indication effects to the generation of rainstorm.Large rainstorm occurred around the place with high K index.The K index of twice large rainstorm was larger than or equal to 34 ℃,and was close to the rainstorm falling area where K index was larger than or equal to 35 ℃.The reflection factor of twice large rainstorms at 0.5° elevation,the largest echo intensity was from 55 to 60 dBz,in strip echo from south to north,through the west peninsula,forming train effect.The data report product also had important reference basis for the report of regional large rainstorm.[Conclusion] The study provided references and basis for the report of large rainstorm in the future.

International Comparison,Regional Characteristics and Regulatory Management of Structural Rise in the Prices of Chinese Industrial and Agricultural Products

China's price fluctuations increasingly exhibit significant structural characteristics,and since 2003,there have been several rounds of significant structural price rise.The degree of structural rise in the prices of industrial and agricultural products in China is not only higher than in the general developed countries and developing countries,but also more prominent than in other transition economies.And the structural rise in the prices of Chinese industrial and agricultural products exhibits significant economic zone differences:the structural fluctuations are the greatest in the central and western regions,significantly higher than in the eastern regions as well as the national average.From the perspective of causes of structural rise in the prices of Chinese industrial and agricultural products,the government must aim to coordinate the industrial and agricultural investments and bridge the gap in the industrial and agricultural technologies and supply capacity.

A COMPARISON AND EVALUATION OF TWO CENTENNIAL-SCALE SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE DATASETS IN THE CHINA SEAS AND THEIR ADJACENT SEA AREAS

Two reconstructed sea surface temperature(SST) datasets(HadISST1 and COBE SST2) with centennial-scale are compared on the SST climate change over the China Seas and their adjacent sea areas. Two independent datasets show consistency in statistically significant trends, with a warming trend of 0.07—0.08 ℃ per decade from 1890 to2013. However, in shorter epochs(such as 1961—2013 and 1981—2013), HadISST1 exhibits stronger warming rates than those of COBE SST2. Both datasets experienced a sudden decrease in the global hiatus period(1998—2013), but the cooling rate of HadISST1 is lower than that of COBE SST2. These differences are possibly caused by the different observations sources which are incorporated to fill with data-sparse regions since 1982. Different data sources may lead to higher values in HadISST1 from 1981 to 2013 than that in COBE SST2. Meanwhile, the different data sources and bias adjustment before the World War II may also cause the large divergence between COBE SST2 and HadISST1,leading to lower SST from 1891 to 1930. These findings illustrate that the long-term linear trends are broadly similar in the centennial-scale in the China Seas using different datasets. However, there are large uncertainties in the estimate of warming or cooling tendency in the shorter epochs, because there are different data sources, different bias adjustment and interpolation method in different datasets.

＂Chinese Character- Chinese Language＂ the Regional Linguistic System. Developing Process and Current Situation

Linguistic civilization orientation is a necessity for all eras,with which the motivation,viable model and pragmatic hypothesis of the language can be formed."Chinese character— Chinese language"takes on different cultures in different regions, embodying the integration of language and civilization. As a result, in order to analyze linguistics, it is necessary for us to compare the Chinese language at home and abroad, and it is the linguistic construction based on the public. The modern Chinese language inherits the cultural connotation of the Chinese linguistics and answers the regional hypothesis and establishes the new linguistic system for the Chinese language in different regions.

Decreasing Birth Rate Determining Worldwide Incidence and Regional Variation of Female Breast Cancer

Purpose: Urbanization, obesity and ageing associated with lifestyle changes (Westernized diet patterns, pollution, physical inactivity) have been proposed as the major contributing factors for the global rise in breast cancer (BCa) and have been the variables used to predict the future breast cancer rate. At the same time, socio-economic level, instead of birth rate, has been proposed for explanation of dramatic regional variations of breast cancer incidence. We sought to determine which factor plays the determining role in predicting worldwide breast cancer incidence rates and regional variations. Methods: Bivariate correlation was conducted to examine the relationships between country-specific estimates of birth rate, BCa incidence, urbanization, overweight, ageing and GDP. Partial correlation was performed to identify the correlation between BCa incidence with each independent variable while we controlled the other four variables. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the most significant predictors of BCa incidence. Post hoc Scheff and independent T-Test analysis were performed to compare mean differences in BCa incidence rates and residuals of BCa standardised on birth rate in the WHO regions, and UN developed and developing regions respectively. Results: Worldwide, BCa incidence rate tends to increase while birth rate decreases and urbanization, overweight, ageing and GDP increase. However, birth rate was the only variable that had a significant correlation with BCa incidence when controlled for the other four variables. Birth rate was the only significant predictor of BCa incidence in regression analysis. Multiple mean differences of BCa incidence between regions were significant, but all disappeared when the contributing effect of birth rate on BCa incidence rate was removed. Conclusions: Birth rate plays a determining role in worldwide BCa incidence rate and regional variations. Current BCa projection methods may estimate future rates of BCa poorly if they fail to incorporate the impact of birth rate.

龙燕1号燕麦新品种的选育

为了选育高产、优质、适应东北三省及内蒙古地区种植的燕麦新品种,试验于2015年采用母本边锋和父本牧乐思进行种间杂交,并通过系统衍生法进行选育,对选育得到的燕麦新品种进行品种比较试验、区域试验及生产试验。结果表明:经选育得到龙燕1号燕麦,其2019—2020年两年平均干草产量及种子产量分别为15 100.0 kg/hm^(2)、4 760.3 kg/hm^(2),较对照牧乐思、白燕7号分别增产16.84%、11.71%和14.96%、11.11%,差异显著(P<0.05);两年(2022,2023年)多点(齐齐哈尔市、哈尔滨市、双鸭山市、绥化市)的平均干草产量龙燕1号最高,达9 857.14 kg/hm^(2),分别比对照青海444、青引2号增产18.11%、45.30%,差异极显著(P<0.01);在4个试验区哈尔滨市、兰西县、杜蒙县、肇东市的两年平均干草产量分别达到11 812.73 kg/hm^(2)、9 602.57 kg/hm^(2)、12 263.64 kg/hm^(2)和11 961.97 kg/hm^(2),比对照白燕7号分别增产11.57%、11.92%、12.60%、11.24%。说明饲用燕麦新品种龙燕1号燕麦相较亲本具有更好的生产性能,在东北三省均可种植。

研究生教育对区域经济发展的影响研究

以省际面板数据为样本,以第三产业经济和人均GDP为经济度量指标,以研究生教育和科技创新等为解释变量,构建了31个省以及东中西部三大区域的各类回归模型。实证分析表明:我国的研究生教育可直接促进区域经济增长(硕士的影响效应高于博士),并通过科技创新变量间接推进经济发展。对三大区域进行纵横比较发现,东部整体态势较好,显著优于中部和西部;中西部地区硕士对经济的影响力显著高于博士,西部研究生教育和产业结构明显不匹配。

中国职业教育现代化发展指数与区域比较

职业教育现代化是教育现代化的关键一环,更是职教强国的重要工程。本文以2022年全国30个省份(市、自治区)有关职业教育现代化发展的面板数据为研究对象,构建了中国职业教育现代化发展的评价指标体系,并采用熵权TOPSIS法进行测度分析与区域比较。研究发现:从地区差异来看,中国职业教育现代化发展总体呈现“东部>中部>西部”的区域样态。东部地区职业教育在教育投入、教育质量和对外开放上有较强优势;中部地区职业教育相比于西部地区在教育投入、教育质量上有一定优势;西部地区相比中部地区在对外开放上占据优势。从省际差异来看,依循中国职业教育现代化发展水平可分为发达型省份、发展型省份和后发型省份三种类型。其中,发达型省份稀缺、发展型省份较少、后发型省份居多。另外,各省份的经济发展水平与职业教育现代化发展水平相关性显著。基于此,要依循空间治理的逻辑,通过优化职业教育资源投入的统筹协调机制,设计职业教育对外开放差异化发展模式,构建职业教育发展的跨省协同共治体系,推动职业教育与区域经济社会协调发展等路径,提升中国职业教育现代化发展的水平。

政府主导下我国高素质农民培育效果比较研究

政府主导下的高素质农民培育是乡村人才振兴的重要途径。文章通过对我国四大经济区域高素质农民培育的横纵比较,结果显示:培育高素质农民的专项扶持政策力度总体有下滑趋势,区域差异不明显,但在普惠性金融政策上存在地区差异,西部地区呈现出贷款“高需求高满足”态势,东北地区表现出较强的农业保险购买力。高素质农民队伍壮大及其生产经营现代化发展带来的社会经济和生态效益在各地区都有一定程度的改观,东部地区经济效益最为显著,东北地区的培育效益总体低于东部和中西部地区。因此,亟需分区分类采取不同的倾斜政策,引导和激励高素质农民在乡村振兴和农业高质量发展中发挥“中坚力量”作用。

江淮地区芫荽品种比较试验

为筛选出适宜江淮地区种植的芫荽品种,对18个芫荽品种的生育期、鲜产和生长性状(单株地上部鲜重、单株根鲜重、根冠比、株高、根长和根径)进行比较。结果表明:18个品种生育期相近,均可在江淮地区生长繁育;鲜产以C15最高,达到24 653 kg/hm^(2);当地品种C1鲜产较高,生长性状相对较好;C07和C14鲜产、单株地上部鲜重、单株根鲜重等指标位居18个品种前列。因此,江淮地区芫荽种植可选择C01、C07、C14和C15这4个品种。

制造业发展对上下游产业的带动作用——基于投入产出表的考察

现有关于带动作用的研究局限于单一行业对宏观经济的直接贡献,忽视产业链中各环节相互影响的综合分析。因此,通过对制造业产业链进行整合梳理,基于投入产出法,探究制造业对上下游产业的带动作用,并对比广东省与甘肃省制造业发展状况,为甘肃省及其他西部欠发达省区制造业发展提供相关的对策建议。研究表明,制造业作为下游产业对其他产业的带动作用减弱,而作为上游产业对其他产业的带动作用增强。与广东省相比,甘肃省制造业对其他经济部门的需求影响较小,对经济的拉动作用较弱,需要优先发展制造业、建筑业以及采矿业,从而带动经济进一步发展。

赣粤浙闽皖贵畲族凤凰装比较与数字化创新传承研究

文章深入探讨了赣粤浙闽皖贵地区畲族服饰的丰富历史背景,特别是凤凰装头饰、款式结构、图案设计以及色彩运用等方面的细节。在此基础上,文章提出了畲族服饰,特别是凤凰装数字化设计的创新构想。通过详细分析畲族服饰数字化的实施步骤与方法,文章还探讨了一系列相关技术难题的解决方案。通过实现畲族服饰的数字化,可以更加生动形象地展示畲族服饰文化的魅力,进一步增进人们对畲族服饰文化遗产的认识与尊重。

“美丽中国中脊带”城市扩张特征与区域比较

研究目的:量化土地利用变化时空分布特征,识别城市扩张过程阶段性特征,以胡焕庸线为界对比两侧特征差异。研究方法:采用强度分析方法与城市扩张特征识别模型,基于1990—2020年4期土地利用数据,从长期尺度上挖掘“美丽中国中脊带”内114个城市土地利用变化信息,辨析城市扩张机制。研究结果:(1)胡焕庸线东南侧城市用地占比高于西北侧。研究区城市用地的增加情况一直处于“活跃”状态,且胡焕庸线东南侧城市扩张面积要远高于西北侧。城市用地的扩张来源地类主要是耕地、未利用地以及水域。(2)研究区内城市扩张具有阶段性特征,共识别出4个扩张阶段:早期阶段、中期阶段、后期阶段、终期阶段。整体来看,进入后期、终期扩张阶段的城市主要位于研究区中部和东北部。(3)到2020年,胡焕庸线东南侧城市处于中期、后期、终期阶段的城市占比近80%,而胡焕庸线西北侧处于早期和中期的城市占比为76.9%,处于后期和终期阶段的城市仅占比23.1%。这一对比表明胡焕庸线两侧的发展不平衡现象仍旧显著。研究结论:胡焕庸线两侧的城市扩张水平存在显著分异性特征,应结合城市所处扩张阶段,综合考虑各阶段城市发展现状以及发展前景,因地制宜地探索区域协调发展导向下的城市管理政策,以助推城市可持续发展。

观赏型羽衣甘蓝品种在青海地区适应性比较试验

为筛选出适宜于青海种植的观赏羽衣甘蓝品种,增加高原园林景观植物品种的丰富度,本研究以引种的19种国内优质观赏羽衣甘蓝品种为材料,在青海进行品种比较试验。结果表明:红孔雀、白孔雀、白珊瑚、红珊瑚、横滨白色和横滨红色品种的植株长势较好,为中小型品种,整齐度高(97%~99%),最佳观赏期较长(6-11月),观赏性优,且抗寒性强,可在西宁市及类似气候地区示范推广种植提供理论基础,并为改良现有羽衣甘蓝品种、开发新品种提供参考。

南疆地区不同冬小麦品种比较试验

为鉴定、引进和选育适宜南疆地区的冬小麦品种,本研究在该地区共设泽普(D_(1))、新和(D_(2))、农一师(D3)等8个试验点,以新冬60号(CK_(1))、新冬20号(CK_(2))为对照品种,对新粮809、阿农冬9号、新粮807、新粮808、九圣禾D1809和金丰源麦3号等20个小麦品种开展品种(系)比较试验,对其群体结构和分蘖成穗特性、主要穗部性状和农艺性状、丰产性及其稳定性进行分析。结果表明,九圣和D1809、普冰资017、新粮807和新粮808的群体结构和分蘖成穗综合表现较好;金丰源麦3号、阿农冬9号、新粮807、新粮809和九圣禾D1809等9个品种的平均产量较对照品种新冬20号和新冬60号增产幅度均在5%以上,且金丰源麦3号、新粮807、新粮809和九圣禾D1809丰产性和稳产性较好,可在该地区进一步示范种植。

河北省梨产业区域竞争力分析

2021年河北省梨产量、种植面积、出口量均位于全国榜首,河北省梨产业集群建设成效显著,研究河北省梨产业的区域竞争力具有重要意义。基于钻石模型,选取2017—2021年数据,对河北省各市梨产业集中化程度与竞争力进行分析与比较。结果表明:从集中化程度看,石家庄、衡水、沧州均具有集群优势;从竞争力角度看,石家庄梨产业发展最为稳定,具有绝对竞争优势,秦皇岛、张家口、承德缺乏比较优势,产业综合竞争力较弱。为此提出,培育区域品牌,打造发展引擎;注重精深加工,完善产业体系;壮大龙头企业,保障产品质量策略。

新石器时代出土漆器的跨区域比较研究

漆器作为人类早期的重要发明,与早期陶器一样是中华文明对世界文明的重要贡献之一,也是人类对自然资源认识与利用的结晶。目前考古发现最早使用漆器的国家是中国与日本。我国长江下游在距今8200年的井头山遗址出土了迄今世界上最早的漆器,而日本绳文时代鸟滨遗址也出土了距今6000年前的红色漆梳。本文在梳理中日两国新石器时代出土资料的基础上,从漆器原料、制漆工具、制作技术及科技分析等方面,对这一时期漆器制作工艺的复杂性、艺术性和礼仪性进行了跨区域比较分析。漆器作为早期国家祭祀礼仪体系的物化体现之一,彰显了漆器手工业在东亚早期国家进程中具有的重要性和对周边其他国家地区的影响与传播。

基于最大联盟粗糙集的三支聚类

针对邻域粗糙集模型受邻域参数影响大、刻画样本信息时不够精细等问题,提出了一种基于最大联盟理论的粗糙集模型。在标准化邻域信息系统后,引入最大联盟集来描述邻域颗粒信息,使得邻域粗糙集模型对信息的划分更加精细,从而显著降低了边界域的不确定性。将该模型与三支聚类相结合,设计了一种基于最大联盟粗糙集的三支聚类算法。在6个UCI公共数据集上进行对比实验,结果表明,所提算法相较于对比算法具有更好的聚类质量,在处理边界域样本时具有更高的比较正确率。