为有效应对气候变化,促进虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)的健康发展,基于区域气候模型(providing regional climate for impact studies,PRECIS)、BP神经网络预测模型和区间优化算法,提出了适应气候变化的VPP运行优化模型。应用PRE...为有效应对气候变化,促进虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)的健康发展,基于区域气候模型(providing regional climate for impact studies,PRECIS)、BP神经网络预测模型和区间优化算法,提出了适应气候变化的VPP运行优化模型。应用PRECIS模拟2025年不同碳排放情景下气温、风速和辐射量等气象要素的变化规律;基于PRECIS气象要素模拟结果,应用BP神经网络模型预测2025年光伏电站的发电量;将区间优化算法与发电量预测结果相耦合,以此降低光伏发电不确定性对优化模型模拟结果的影响。结果显示,该模型可生成适应气候变化的VPP最优运行策略,降低系统运行成本,提升VPP运行效益。展开更多
The climate impact studies in hydrology often rely on climate change information at fine spatial resolution. However, the general circulation model (GCM), which is widely used to simulate future climate scenario, oper...The climate impact studies in hydrology often rely on climate change information at fine spatial resolution. However, the general circulation model (GCM), which is widely used to simulate future climate scenario, operates on a coarse scale and does not provide reliable data on local or regional scale for hydrological modeling. Therefore the outputs from GCM have to be downscaled to obtain the information fit for hydrologic studies. The variable infiltration capacity (VIC) distributed hydrological model with 9×9 km2 grid resolution was applied and calibrated in the Hanjiang Basin. Validation results show that SSVM can approximate observed precipitation and temperature data reasonably well, and that the VIC model can simulate runoff hydrograph with high model efficiency and low relative error. By applying the SSVM model, the trends of precipitation and temperature (including daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature) projected from CGCM2 under A2 and B2 scenarios will decrease in the 2020s (2011―2040), and increase in the 2080s (2071―2100). However, in the 2050s (2041―2070), the precipitation will be decreased under A2 scenario and no significant changes under B2 scenario, but the temperature will be not obviously changed under both climate change scenarios. Under both climate change scenarios, the impact analysis of runoff, made with the downscaled precipitation and temperature time series as input of the VIC distributed model, has resulted in a decreasing trend for the 2020s and 2050s, and an overall increasing trend for the 2080s.展开更多
随着全球变暖,应对高温热浪事件是未来现代化城市面临的难题之一。本文利用全球模式—Had AM3p提供的3组不同边界场和初始场驱动区域气候模式系统PRECIS的输出结果,模拟未来情景下中国区域性高温热浪事件发生频率、强度及持续时间的变...随着全球变暖,应对高温热浪事件是未来现代化城市面临的难题之一。本文利用全球模式—Had AM3p提供的3组不同边界场和初始场驱动区域气候模式系统PRECIS的输出结果,模拟未来情景下中国区域性高温热浪事件发生频率、强度及持续时间的变化趋势。结果表明:全球PRECIS对基准时段(1961—1990年)的高温热浪事件的发生的频率、强度和持续时间及对应的大气环流特征具有较强的模拟能力。相对于基准时段,未来情景下未来时段(2071—2100年)中国各地区的高温热浪事件的强度增加,发生频率增幅超过100%,且持续时间增加30%以上。此外,观测资料和模拟结果均表明武汉和哈尔滨地区的高温热浪与500 h Pa高度场的正距平密切相关。而未来情景下,武汉和哈尔滨地区500 h Pa高度场的正距平呈增加的趋势,表明这些地区未来可能出现危害更严重的高温热浪事件。展开更多
The impact of climate change on streamflow in the Xitiaoxi catchment is assessed by using VIC （variable infiltration capacity） model coupled with PRECIS （providing regional climate for impacts studies）. Results sh...The impact of climate change on streamflow in the Xitiaoxi catchment is assessed by using VIC （variable infiltration capacity） model coupled with PRECIS （providing regional climate for impacts studies）. Results show that the VIC model is adaptable for the study area. Both deterministic coefficient and NashSuttcliffe efficiency coefficient are greater than 0.75, with a good agreement between observed and simulated discharge. The runoff will increase in the future, especially during flood seasons. The magnitude of floods in the future （2021-2050） under A2 and B2 scenarios will be greater than that during the baseline period （1961-1990）, but it may not exceed that during the 1990s.展开更多
The latest development in the climate change forecast, using regional climate models, made it possible to provide more detailed information on the future changes in the climatic variables in the face of global warming...The latest development in the climate change forecast, using regional climate models, made it possible to provide more detailed information on the future changes in the climatic variables in the face of global warming. The PRECIS, UK Met office Hadley Centre’s Regional Climate Model is being used in simulating the future climate corresponding to the IPCC-SRES A1B emission scenario for the period 2040-2070 with reference to the base line year 1970-2000 for coastal region of Thiruvallur, South India. The results indicated a significant increase in the mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature and a slight decrease in the precipitation over the study area. The outcomes of the IMD method of Percent Deviation analysis show that the Thiruvallur has witnessed moderate to mild droughts during the period 1970 to 2011. Moderate drought years were mainly 1974, 1980, 1982 and 1999 with -35.78%, -30.09%, -30.54%, -27.30% rainfall deviations respectively. SPI-12 is also employed to analyze the occurrence and severity of drought events in the past. The analysis revealed that the year 1974 with SPI value -2.05 was the extremely severe drought year on record during the period 1970-2011. The years 1982 (-1.7), 1980 (-1.67), 1999 (-1.48) were severe dry years. Pearson’s correlation analysis proved that both the outputs have significant positive correlation (0.05 level) with R2 value of 0.992. It is necessary to develop early warning systems and apt drought preparedness strategies to cope with this natural hazard.展开更多
文摘为有效应对气候变化,促进虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)的健康发展,基于区域气候模型(providing regional climate for impact studies,PRECIS)、BP神经网络预测模型和区间优化算法,提出了适应气候变化的VPP运行优化模型。应用PRECIS模拟2025年不同碳排放情景下气温、风速和辐射量等气象要素的变化规律;基于PRECIS气象要素模拟结果,应用BP神经网络模型预测2025年光伏电站的发电量;将区间优化算法与发电量预测结果相耦合,以此降低光伏发电不确定性对优化模型模拟结果的影响。结果显示,该模型可生成适应气候变化的VPP最优运行策略,降低系统运行成本,提升VPP运行效益。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50679063, 50809049)the International Cooperation Research Fund of China (Grant No. 2005DFA20520)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No. 200804861062)
文摘The climate impact studies in hydrology often rely on climate change information at fine spatial resolution. However, the general circulation model (GCM), which is widely used to simulate future climate scenario, operates on a coarse scale and does not provide reliable data on local or regional scale for hydrological modeling. Therefore the outputs from GCM have to be downscaled to obtain the information fit for hydrologic studies. The variable infiltration capacity (VIC) distributed hydrological model with 9×9 km2 grid resolution was applied and calibrated in the Hanjiang Basin. Validation results show that SSVM can approximate observed precipitation and temperature data reasonably well, and that the VIC model can simulate runoff hydrograph with high model efficiency and low relative error. By applying the SSVM model, the trends of precipitation and temperature (including daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature) projected from CGCM2 under A2 and B2 scenarios will decrease in the 2020s (2011―2040), and increase in the 2080s (2071―2100). However, in the 2050s (2041―2070), the precipitation will be decreased under A2 scenario and no significant changes under B2 scenario, but the temperature will be not obviously changed under both climate change scenarios. Under both climate change scenarios, the impact analysis of runoff, made with the downscaled precipitation and temperature time series as input of the VIC distributed model, has resulted in a decreasing trend for the 2020s and 2050s, and an overall increasing trend for the 2080s.
文摘随着全球变暖,应对高温热浪事件是未来现代化城市面临的难题之一。本文利用全球模式—Had AM3p提供的3组不同边界场和初始场驱动区域气候模式系统PRECIS的输出结果,模拟未来情景下中国区域性高温热浪事件发生频率、强度及持续时间的变化趋势。结果表明:全球PRECIS对基准时段(1961—1990年)的高温热浪事件的发生的频率、强度和持续时间及对应的大气环流特征具有较强的模拟能力。相对于基准时段,未来情景下未来时段(2071—2100年)中国各地区的高温热浪事件的强度增加,发生频率增幅超过100%,且持续时间增加30%以上。此外,观测资料和模拟结果均表明武汉和哈尔滨地区的高温热浪与500 h Pa高度场的正距平密切相关。而未来情景下,武汉和哈尔滨地区500 h Pa高度场的正距平呈增加的趋势,表明这些地区未来可能出现危害更严重的高温热浪事件。
基金Supported by China/UK Scientific Cooperation Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2006DFA71390)Open Research Foundation of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydro-power Research
文摘The impact of climate change on streamflow in the Xitiaoxi catchment is assessed by using VIC （variable infiltration capacity） model coupled with PRECIS （providing regional climate for impacts studies）. Results show that the VIC model is adaptable for the study area. Both deterministic coefficient and NashSuttcliffe efficiency coefficient are greater than 0.75, with a good agreement between observed and simulated discharge. The runoff will increase in the future, especially during flood seasons. The magnitude of floods in the future （2021-2050） under A2 and B2 scenarios will be greater than that during the baseline period （1961-1990）, but it may not exceed that during the 1990s.
文摘The latest development in the climate change forecast, using regional climate models, made it possible to provide more detailed information on the future changes in the climatic variables in the face of global warming. The PRECIS, UK Met office Hadley Centre’s Regional Climate Model is being used in simulating the future climate corresponding to the IPCC-SRES A1B emission scenario for the period 2040-2070 with reference to the base line year 1970-2000 for coastal region of Thiruvallur, South India. The results indicated a significant increase in the mean maximum temperature, mean minimum temperature and a slight decrease in the precipitation over the study area. The outcomes of the IMD method of Percent Deviation analysis show that the Thiruvallur has witnessed moderate to mild droughts during the period 1970 to 2011. Moderate drought years were mainly 1974, 1980, 1982 and 1999 with -35.78%, -30.09%, -30.54%, -27.30% rainfall deviations respectively. SPI-12 is also employed to analyze the occurrence and severity of drought events in the past. The analysis revealed that the year 1974 with SPI value -2.05 was the extremely severe drought year on record during the period 1970-2011. The years 1982 (-1.7), 1980 (-1.67), 1999 (-1.48) were severe dry years. Pearson’s correlation analysis proved that both the outputs have significant positive correlation (0.05 level) with R2 value of 0.992. It is necessary to develop early warning systems and apt drought preparedness strategies to cope with this natural hazard.
