Spatial and temporal patterns of the sensitivity of radial growth response by Picea schrenkiana to regional climate change in the Tianshan Mountains

Climate change significantly impacts forest ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions.However,spatiotemporal patterns of climate-sensitive changes in individual tree growth under increased climate warming and precipitation in north-west China is unclear.The dendrochronological method was used to study climate response sensitivity of radial growth of Picea schrenkiana from 158 trees at six sites during 1990-2020.The results show that climate warming and increased precipitation significantly promoted the growth of trees.The response to temperature first increased,then decreased.However,the response to increased precipitation and the self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index(scPDSI)increased significantly.In most areas of the Tianshan Mountains,the proportion of trees under increased precipitation and scPDSI positive response was relatively high.Over time,small-diameter trees were strongly affected by drought stress.It is predicted that under continuous warming and increased precipitation,trees in most areas of the Tianshan Mountains,especially those with small diameters,will be more affected by precipitation.

Multi-scale regionalization based mining of spatio-temporal teleconnection patterns between anomalous sea and land climate events

Climate sequences can be applied to defining sensitive climate zones, and then the mining of spatio-temporal teleconnection patterns is useful for learning from the past and preparing for the future. However, scale-dependency in this kind of pattern is still not well handled by existing work. Therefore, in this study, the multi-scale regionalization is embedded into the spatio-temporal teleconnection pattern mining between anomalous sea and land climatic events. A modified scale-space clustering algorithm is first developed to group climate sequences into multi-scale climate zones. Then, scale variance analysis method is employed to identify climate zones at characteristic scales, indicating the main characteristics of geographical phenomena. Finally, by using the climate zones identified at characteristic scales, a time association rule mining algorithm based on sliding time windows is employed to discover spatio-temporal teleconnection patterns. Experiments on sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, land precipitation and land temperature datasets show that many patterns obtained by the multi-scale approach are coincident with prior knowledge, indicating that this method is effective and reasonable. In addition, some unknown teleconnection patterns discovered from the multi-scale approach can be further used to guide the prediction of land climate.

Spatial Pattern and Regional Types of Rural Settlements in Xuzhou City,Jiangsu Province,China

This paper principally focuses on the morphological differences,spatial pattern and regional types of rural settlements in Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province in China.Using satellite images of Xuzhou City taken in 2007 and 2008 and models of exploratory spatial data analysis(ESDA) and spatial metrics,the paper conducts a quantitative analysis of the morphological pattern of rural settlements,and finds significant characteristics.First,rural settlements in Xuzhou City are significantly agglomerated in terms of their spatial distribution;meanwhile,there is significant variation in the geographical density distribution.Second,the scale of rural settlements in Xuzhou City is larger than the average in Jiangsu Province,and the histogram of the scale data is more even and more like a gamma distribution.There are a significant high-value cluster in the scale distribution,and local negative correlation between the scale and density distribution of rural settlements in Xuzhou City.Third,the morphology of rural settlements in Xuzhou City shows relative regularity with good connection and integrity,but the spatial variation of the morphology is anisotropic.Finally,according to the characteristics of density,scale,and form of rural settlements,the rural settlements of Xuzhou City are divided into three types:A high-density and point-scattered type,a low-density and cluster-like type and a mass-like and sparse type.The research findings could be used as the scientific foundation for rural planning and community rebuilding,particularly in less-developed areas.

Research on Application of Landscape Pattern in Regional Planning

Landscape ecology is a new science and there are few cases about applying landscape pattern analysis in optimizing regional planning.By taking the planning of the special planning area for Boao Forum for Asia as the study object,several important landscape indexes have been selected for static analysis of landscape structural feature and landscape structural stability.By using ArcGIS,landscape structural stability map has been overlaid with land use planning map,and then optimization suggestions have been proposed for unreasonable plots.Landscape type and landscape pattern diversity have been selected for dynamic analysis and then suggestions for landscape security pattern been put forward.Through case studies,it has provided a reference for landscape pattern analysis as a means to optimize regional planning.

Influence of non-stationarity and auto-correlation of climatic records on spatio-temporal trend and seasonality analysis in a region with prevailing arid and semi-arid climate,Iran

Trend and stationarity analysis of climatic variables are essential for understanding climate variability and provide useful information about the vulnerability and future changes,especially in arid and semi-arid regions.In this study,various climatic zones of Iran were investigated to assess the relationship between the trend and the stationarity of the climatic variables.The Mann-Kendall test was considered to identify the trend,while the trend free pre-whitening approach was applied for eliminating serial correlation from the time-series.Meanwhile,time series stationarity was tested by Dickey-Fuller and Kwiatkowski-Phillips-Schmidt-Shin tests.The results indicated an increasing trend for mean air temperature series at most of the stations over various climatic zones,however,after eliminating the serial correlation factor,this increasing trend changes to an insignificant decreasing trend at a 95%confidence level.The seasonal mean air temperature trend suggested a significant increase in the majority of the stations.The mean air temperature increased more in northwest towards central parts of Iran that mostly located in arid and semiarid climatic zones.Precipitation trend reveals an insignificant downward trend in most of the series over various climatic zones;furthermore,most of the stations follow a decreasing trend for seasonal precipitation.Furthermore,spatial patterns of trend and seasonality of precipitation and mean air temperature showed that the northwest parts of Iran and margin areas of the Caspian Sea are more vulnerable to the changing climate with respect to the precipitation shortfalls and warming.Stationarity analysis indicated that the stationarity of climatic series influences on their trend;so that,the series which have significant trends are not static.The findings of this investigation can help planners and policy-makers in various fields related to climatic issues,implementing better management and planning strategies to adapt to climate change and variability over Iran.

Evaluation of six gauge-based gridded climate products for analyzing long-term historical precipitation patterns across the Lancang-Mekong River Basin

Freshwater plays a vital role in global sustainability by improving human lives and protecting nature.In the Lancang-Mekong River Basin(LMRB),sustainable development is principally dependent upon precipitation that predominantly controls freshwater resources availability required for both life and livelihood of~70 million people.Hence,this study comprehensively analyzed long-term historical precipitation patterns(in terms of trends,variability,and links to climate teleconnections)throughout the LMRB as well as its upper(Lancang River Basin,LRB)and lower(Mekong River Basin,MRB)parts employing six gauge-based gridded climate products:Asian Precipitation Highly-Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources(APHRODITE),Climate Prediction Center(CPC),Climate Research Unit(CRU),Global Precipitation Climatology Center(GPCC),Precipitation Reconstruction over Land(PRECL),and University of Delaware(UDEL).Accordingly,annual and seasonal(dry and wet)precipitation time series were calculated for three study periods:century-long outlook(1901-2010),mid-past(1951-2010),and recent decades(1981-2010).However,the role of climate teleconnections in precipitation variability over the LMRB was only identified during their available temporal coverages:mid-past and recent decades.The results generally showed that:(i)both annual and seasonal precipitation increased across all three basins in 1981-2010;(ii)wet and dry seasons got drier and wetter,respectively,in all basins in 1951-2010;(iii)all such changes were fundamentally attributed to increases in precipitation variability on both annual and seasonal scales over time;(iv)these variations were most strongly associated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO),Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation(AMO)and East Pacific/North Pacific(EP/NP)pattern in the LMRB and the MRB during 1951-2010,but with the North Sea-Caspian Pattern(NCP)and the Southern Annular Mode(SAM)in the LRB;(v)such relationships got stronger in 1981-2010,while the Southern Oscillation Index(SOI)became the most influential teleconnection for dry season precipitation variability across all basins;and(vi)GPCC(APHRODITE)provided the most reliable gauge-based gridded precipitation time series over the LMRB for the years before(after)1951.These findings lay a foundation for further studies focusing on water resources and sustainable development in the LMRB.

Study on Eco-climate Type Regionalization of Wheat Growing Areas in Yunnan Province

In order to provide an objective and scientific theoretical basis for rational distribution of wheat growth in Yunnan Province,according to the relationship between Yunnan weather conditions and wheat growth adaptability,a study on eco-climate type regionalization of wheat growing areas in Yunnan was conducted using principal component analysis and GIS technology. The results show that Yunnan Province could be divided into four types,namely southern warm and humid wheat growing area,central semi-arid wheat growing area,central semi-humid wheat growing area and north-central cold wheat growing area.

“里和”与“外应”:气候变化下环湖地区的适应性治理

气候变化给青藏高原带来显著影响,更是对当地农牧民的生计造成冲击,研究当地气候变化影响及牧民应对策略,不仅是提高气候变化适应能力的起点,也是建立适应气候变化区域格局的重要支撑。基于2020和2023年对案例地Z村的两次实地调研,通过牧户问卷调查和深度访谈,按照适应性治理的三层特征,分析当地气候变化适应的成效与挑战。研究发现:面对降水和气温的变化、湖面扩大、植被变化和灾害影响,牧民积极采取多种办法来减少气候变化的影响,呈现较高的适应性与恢复力。这些适应行动的成功经验源于“里和”,包括人与人之间的合作以及人与自然间的和谐律动。但是“外应”不足仍是挑战,即案例地缺少必要的外部支持,不仅包括直接灾害救助,还包括对其适应能力可持续性的保护和应对潜在的草原生态变化。如果“外应”持续低迷,现有的适应能力终会耗尽。提出建立适应气候变化区域格局应遵循多中心治理的思路,将多个利益相关者联合起来,汇总不同地区气候变化应对的成功经验,形成多种知识的融合,才能形成对地方的有效“外应”,提高中国气候变化适应能力。

不同土地利用方式下银北盐碱地土壤的理化性质特征

以银北地区盐碱地为对象,研究了旱地、水田、灌木林和荒草地4种土地利用方式对0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤容重、总孔隙度、有机碳含量、全氮含量、全磷含量、全钾含量、pH以及全盐含量的影响。结果表明,银北地区不同土地利用方式土壤理化性质差异显著(P<0.05)。旱地和水田土壤容重高于灌木林和荒草地,土壤总孔隙度则低于灌木林和荒草地。4种土地利用方式土壤有机碳和全量养分含量在0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层表现较为相似,有机碳和全氮含量表现为灌木林最高,旱地和水田次之,荒草地最低;旱地和水田土壤全磷含量显著高于灌木林和荒草地(P<0.05);全钾含量在旱地土壤中最高,水田最低。除旱地20~40 cm土层外,土壤pH和全盐含量均表现为荒草地显著高于其他3种土地利用方式(P<0.05)。加权灰色关联分析显示,0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层均表现为灌木林土壤理化性质关联度最大,旱地和水田次之,荒草地最小,说明灌木林对改良银北盐碱地土壤理化性质的效果最优。

京津冀地区高质量发展水平综合评价与预警

京津冀协同发展战略提出以来,三地协同发展取得积极进展,但距目标要求还有很大差距。本文选取2010—2019年京津冀地区高质量发展指标数据,利用因子分析法对各地区及整体发展水平进行综合评价,基于综合得分对其预警,并运用灰色预测分析方法,借助MATLAB软件对未来5年京津冀地区高质量发展情况进行预测。研究发现,京津冀地区整体高质量发展综合得分情况较好,但各地区发展综合得分还有一定的提升空间,且地区间存在差异,这种不均衡的发展态势为三地区未来协同发展提出了新的挑战。

气候变化背景下内蒙古中西部植被覆盖度演变特征研究

植被覆盖的动态演变能够有效地反映区域生态环境变化。为探究内蒙古中西部5个盟市植被覆盖度时空演变特征及对气候变化的响应,基于MODISNDVI数据和同期气候因子(平均气温、累计降水、平均日照时数、平均相对湿度)数据,利用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、MK检验、Hurst指数、偏相关分析等方法分析了内蒙古中西部5个盟市2000-2021年植被覆盖度和气候因子的时空变化特征及植被覆盖度对气候因子的响应。结果表明:2000-2021年,内蒙古中西部5个盟市的平均植被覆盖度为0.321,处于较低水平;22年间,植被覆盖度呈波动上升趋势,增长速度为0.4%。研究区植被覆盖度呈现东高西低的分布格局,低覆盖度面积为53.2%,中高覆盖度和高覆盖度约占总面积的10%。研究区植被覆盖度的平均Sen斜率为0.004,表明植被覆盖整体呈上升趋势;植被改善区域面积达89.1%,植被退化部分占比为10.6%。Hurst指数均值为0.423。结合Sen趋势,预测出未来覆盖度以稳步增长为主,其中48.4%的区域不会发生显著的植被改善或退化现象,30.6%的区域未来以植被改善为主。研究区平均气温、累计降水量呈上升趋势,而平均日照时数和平均相对湿度呈下降趋势。植被覆盖度与平均气温的关系以不显著相关为主,其中通过显著性检验(p<0.05)的正相关面积为14.7%;植被覆盖度与累计降水量的关系以正相关为主,正相关面积占比为98.1%;与平均日照时数和平均相对湿度的关系均以不显著相关为主。

不同空间尺度下南京都市圈区域生态用地景观格局演变分析

随着城镇化进程的不断推进,都市圈已经成为我国城镇化发展格局的主体形态之一。区域生态用地对维护都市圈生态系统安全具有重要作用,开展多尺度景观格局分析有利于把握快速城镇化背景下都市圈区域生态用地景观格局的演变特征和规律。本研究以南京都市圈为例,基于2000—2020年Landsat影像数据,综合使用动态度、土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局指数等方法,分析都市圈、城市、区县3个尺度下区域生态用地景观格局。结果显示:(1)近20年间南京都市圈区域生态用地总体规模呈“急剧下降”到“逐渐增加”的趋势,其变化具有明显的转入和转出双向特征;水域和草地景观格局趋于破碎化,林地景观优势度提升。(2)城市尺度下各城市区域生态用地规模在时间上的变化特征与都市圈基本一致,但在景观格局变化上具有差异,其中宣城区域生态用地景观格局逐渐优化,而淮安、马鞍山、芜湖则破碎化程度增加。(3)区县尺度下约半数以上区县的区域生态用地的规模下降且景观破碎化增大,其中盱眙县、郎溪县和广德市加剧明显。研究结果表明:多尺度分析不仅有助于深入全面了解都市圈区域生态用地格局演变特征,还有利于制定满足不同空间层次且兼顾差异性的生态保护策略。

基于AHP-EWM-TOPSIS的秦岭北麓西安段冰酒葡萄生态适宜性评价

本研究旨在评估冰酒葡萄(Ice wine grape)在秦岭北麓西安段的生态适宜性,以促进该作物种植的经济潜力并优化当地葡萄产业结构。根据冰酒葡萄生长需求和秦岭北麓自然气候特点,研究选取最冷月均温、≥10℃有效积温、生长季干燥度、坡度、土壤pH等评价因子,确立冰酒葡萄适宜性评价体系。基于秦岭北麓西安段2000—2021年逐日气象观测数据、生态数据,采用层次分析法(AHP)、改进熵值法(EWM)、TOPSIS综合评价法,本研究构建了一个冰酒葡萄种植综合区划评估模型,对影响冰酒葡萄种植的气候、地形、土壤三大指标的空间分布进行分析。经统计分析得出最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区4个等级。结果表明,所提出的方法能够有效地识别秦岭北麓西安段内冰酒葡萄种植的生态优势区域,且所得区划结果与实际情况高度一致。这一发现对冰酒葡萄种植的区域布局和科学规划提供了重要参考。

基于改进遥感生态指数的干旱内流区生态质量评价--以阴山北麓塔布河流域为例

干旱-半干旱地区生态环境脆弱,开展多要素、长时序生态质量动态变化研究,可为干旱-半干旱区生态建设与区域可持续发展提供科学依据。在遥感生态指数RSEI基础上,根据干旱-半干旱地区特点,耦合了绿度(NDVI)、湿度(WET)、热度(LST)、干度(SI)和盐度(SI-T)五个指标,提出适应干旱-半干旱区域生态质量评价的mRSEI模型,对1986—2022年间塔布河流域生态质量进行动态评价。利用Mann-Kendall突变检验、Theil-Sen(T-S)分析联合Mann-Kendall趋势分析法探究生态质量时空变化;引入欧洲中期天气预报中心发布的第五代再分析数据集(ERA5)的气象数据,在逐像元层面探讨了气候因素与mRSEI的相关关系。研究表明:(1)相较于RSEI而言,mRSEI能更好集成各生态分量包含的信息,且模型更加稳定可靠;(2)mRSEI受到的负面影响主要来自于盐度指标(SI-T),相关系数均值为-0.922,其影响力大于干度、热度指标,表明引入盐度指标对干旱-半干旱区生态质量评价具有重要意义;(3)研究时序内mRSEI介于0.179—0.423,生态质量总体呈下降趋势(Slope=-0.0014,P<0.05);(4)趋势分析结果表明,塔布河流域84.37%的区域生态质量未发生变化,另外15.63%中,生态质量退化面积占比远高于生态质量变好的区域,研究区生态质量总体呈退化趋势。(5)气候因素与mRSEI相关分析结果表明,降水与mRSEI呈正相关(r=0.411—0.807),年均气温与mRSEI呈负相关(r=-0.824—-0.398);时序相关分析结果表明,气温是研究区生态质量的主控因子。(6)人文因素虽然会对塔布河流域生态质量产生扰动,但并不起决定作用。基于改进的遥感生态指数mRSEI,能够科学监测干旱-半干旱区生态质量空间分布、准确把握生态质量变化趋势,可为干旱-半干旱地区生态保护提供理论支撑。

基于文献计量的寒区流域地下水研究态势分析

气候变化是贯穿整个寒区地下水研究领域中重要的影响因素,对寒区流域水文过程、生态环境、工程地质和水文地质条件的影响已引起诸多学者的关注,截至2022年底该研究领域已呈现出纷繁复杂的现象。为了厘清该领域的研究态势,基于中文库(中国知网)和外文库(Web of Science和Science Direct)的文献数据,分别利用文献计量软件CiteSpace和VOSviewer、网络分析工具SCImago Graphica和Pajek,以及数据分析软件OriginPro对该领域的作者文龄、发文量、科研机构、国家地区以及关键词进行统计分析,在此基础上筛选出60篇具有代表性论文,结合ArcGIS软件所投影的研究区位置,进一步归纳与总结其研究趋势。研究表明作者文龄结构均为增长型,年发文量均呈上升趋势,而后者的作者、各个科研机构和欧美国家之间合作关系更为紧密,且美国、中国和加拿大主导该领域的研究。前者的研究热点相对局限,近年来多致力于多年冻土区冻融循环作用影响下的地下水动态对气候变化的响应研究;后者的研究热点分别从地下水、气候变化、多年冻土三个主题展开:(1)采用数值模拟、同位素和水化学示踪手段研究地下水的年龄、水均衡、水分来源和流动路径;(2)水文输入变化对地下水的补给、径流和排泄过程的影响;(3)研究高纬度寒区多年冻土消融与退化、溶解性有机碳释放与迁移、冻土地貌形成与地下水之间的联系。未来应从不同含水层地下水动态特征及其对气候变化的响应机制、冻土退化影响下含水层系统与地下水的相互作用、冻土区有机碳释放与迁移机制,以及非连续冻土区地下水与地表水的交互作用四个方向继续展开研究,并建议在高海拔山区含水层类型与水力特征,以及高纬度低海拔寒区工程地质和生态环境方面的薄弱环节上加强和完善。

共同富裕水平测度与时空演进格局分析

文章运用主成分分析法进行降维合成,测算了2008—2021年中国30个省份的共同富裕水平。采用泰尔指数、莫兰指数、核密度估计和马尔可夫区制转移概率矩阵,分析了共同富裕水平的区域差异、空间自相关特征、时间演进特征及动态演进规律。结果显示,各省份共同富裕水平在2008—2021年整体上呈现上升趋势,并且在2021年绝大部分省份的共同富裕水平已成为正值;从区域差异来看,全国共同富裕水平的总体差异呈波动下降趋势;从空间自相关特征来看,各省份共同富裕水平具有明显的正向空间自相关特征,并且这种相关性在地理位置相近的省份以及经济发展水平类似的省份之间都表现得十分明显;从时间演进特征来看,东部、中部和西部地区的核密度曲线分别呈现多峰分布、相对平缓和主峰右移的特征;从动态演进规律来看,各省份共同富裕水平所属的等级具有较高的稳定性,跃迁主要发生在相邻等级的省份之间。

1990—2020年黄河源区林地面积与生态需水量的时空变化

【目的】探讨1990—2020年黄河源区林地面积与林地生态需水量的时空变化规律,为黄河源区林地生态需水量的合理调配提供依据。【方法】基于黄河源区1990—2020年的遥感影像数据和野外实测资料,通过目视解译确定黄河源区土地利用类型,通过计算得到林地面积和林地生态需水量数据;采用ArcGIS 10.8绘制林地面积与生态需水量的时空分布图,分别运用Canoco 5.0和SPSS 27作冗余分析和主成分分析。【结果】黄河源区1990—2020年的林地面积变化不大,林地主要分布于黄河源区中东部,以灌木林地为主;林地生态需水量的变化较小,总体上生态需水量表现为西多东少、北多南少。不同类型林地的生态需水量大小表现为灌木林地>有林地>疏林地>其他林地;影响源区生态需水量的最主要指标是斑块周长-面积比(mean perimeter-area ratio,PARA_MN),其次是斑块连通度指数(patch cohesion index,COHESION)。影响黄河源区生态需水量的主要因素为人口数量、经济水平、产业发展结构,自然环境因素的驱动力弱于社会环境因素。【结论】黄河源区1990—2020年林地面积呈小幅下降趋势,林地生态需水量变化不大;黄河源区景观水平多样性较低;黄河源区受人类活动的影响较大。

基于MSPA_(P)-MCR_(F)的干旱区层级生态网络构建与优化——以宁夏中卫市为例

基于Landsat8 OLI_TIRS遥感影像、数字高程模型(digital elevation model,DEM)、路网、水系等多源数据,修正能量因子模型和重力模型,改进了形态学空间格局分析(morphological spatial pattern analysis,MSPA)和最小累积阻力模型(minimum cumulative resistance,MCR)生态网络构建方法,以宁夏中卫市为例,探讨了层级生态网络的构建及其优化。结果表明:①干旱区生态源地识别中,需要将林地、草地和水体作为前景数据,并结合生态红线选择生态源地;②中卫市生态网络呈现出“四核三廊多点”的空间结构模式。识别出生态源地17个,占研究区面积的22.33%,其中1级和2级共计4个源地的能量因子显著高于其他源地,形成“四核”,其他源地形成“多点”,生成潜在生态廊道33条,其中一级生态廊道3条,形成“三廊”;③从生态源地质量提升、廊道加固、断裂点修复等方面提出了生态网络优化策略,除1号、7号、9号源地之间的廊道较为稳定外,其他源地间连通性较低,生态网络稳定性较差,需要建立24个生态踏脚石,并发现38个亟待开展修复的生态断裂点;④优化后生态网络的稳定性有所提升,α指数、β指数和γ指数分别提升9.5%,3.8%和4.2%,有利于促进生态物质及信息流动和生物多样性保护。

Simulation and Projection of Monso on Rainfall and Rain Patterns over Eastern China under Global Warming by RegCM3

The authors investigate possible changes of monsoon rainfall and associated seasonal (June-JulyAugust) anomaly patterns over eastern China in the late 21st century under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A2 emission scenario as simulated by a high-resolution regional climate model (RegCM3) nested in a general circulation model (FvGCM/CCM3).Two sets of multi-decadal simulations are performed at 20-km grid spacing for present day and future climate conditions.Results show that the RegCM3 reproduces the mean rainfall distribution;however the evolution of the monsoon rain belt from South China to North China is not well simulated.Concerning the rain pattern classifications,RegCM3 overestimates the occurrence of Pattern 1 (excessive rainfall in northern China) and underestimates that of Pattern 2 (increased rainfall over the Huai River basin).Under future climate conditions,RegCM3 projects less occurrence of Pattern 1,more of Pattern 2,and little change of Pattern 3 (rainfall increase along the Yangtze River).These results indicate that there might be increased rainfall over the Huai-Yellow River area and reduced rainfall over North China in the future,while rainfall over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin is not modified significantly.Uncertainties exist in the present study are also discussed.

Spatial patterns of ecosystem vulnerability changes during 2001–2011 in the three-river source region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

The three-river source region (TRSR, including Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers), located in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, is a typical alpine zone with apparent ecosystem vulnerability and sensitivity. In this paper, we introduced many interdisciplinary factors, such as landscape pattern indices (Shannon diversity index and Shannon evenness index) and extreme climate factors (number of extreme high temperature days, number of extreme low temperature days, and number of extreme precipitation days), to establish a new model for evaluating the spatial patterns of ecosystem vulnerability changes in the TRSR. The change intensity (CI) of ecosystem vulnerability was also analyzed. The results showed that the established evaluation model was effective and the ecosystem vulnerability in the whole study area was intensive. During the study period of 2001–2011, there was a slight degradation in the eco-environmental quality. The Yellow River source region had the best eco-environmental quality, while the Yangtze River source region had the worst one. In addition, the zones dominated by deserts were the most severely deteriorated areas and the eco-environmental quality of the zones occupied by evergreen coniferous forests showed a better change. Furthermore, the larger the change rates of the climate factors (accumulative temperature of ≥10°C and annual average precipitation) are, the more intensive the CI of ecosystem vulnerability is. This study would provide a scientific basis for the eco-environmental protection and restoration in the TRSR.