Grey relationship analysis and grey forecasting modeling on thermal stability of synthetic single diamond

Through analyzing 7 Ib-type samples of synthetic single diamonds by their DTA and TG in air, we ascertained the extrapolated onset temperature on the curves of DTA as the characteristic temperature of their thermal stabilities. Based on the grey system theory, we analyzed 4 factors influential in the thermal stability by the grey relationship analysis, a quantitative method, and derived the grey relationship sequence, that is, the rank of the influence extent of 4 factors on the thermal stability. Furthermore, we established the grey forecasting model, namely GM(1,5), for predicting the thermal stability of single diamonds with their intrinsic properties, which was then examined by a deviation-probability examination. The results illustrate that it is reasonable to take the Extrapolated Onset Temperature in DTA as the characteristic temperature for thermal stability (TS) of Ib-type synthetic single diamonds. The nitrogen content and grain shape regularity of diamonds are dominating factors. Likewise, grain size and compressive strength are minor factors. In addition, GM(1,5) can be used to predict the thermal stability of Ib-type synthetic single diamonds available. The precision rank of GM(1,5) is ‘GOOD’.

Analysis on the Relationship between Degree of Fragmentation and Production Profits of Arable Landscapes upon Varying Landforms——a Case Study of Xinjian County, Jiangxi Province

The research selected five indices to measure fragmentation degrees of three landforms with GIS and analyzed the relationship with production profits of arable lands. The results showed that fragmentation degree of arable lands tends to be volatile upon landforms, For example, the fragmentation degree of mountainous area reached 0.985, followed by hills of 0.705 and the fragmentation degree of plains was the least at 0.068. Production profits of arable lands were negatively correlated with arable landscape fragmentation. Hence, it is necessary to take measures to reduce landscape fragmentation as per specific local circumstances to imorove production Drofits.

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT AND SITE FACTORS IN PINUS RADIATA PLANTATIONS

Incidence of Armillaria infection was quantified based on site factors in New Zealand Pinus radiata plantations.A linear multiple regression model was derived to predict infection levels of Armillaria root rot.Factors positivily associated with the infection were:previous vegetation（native bush,pine）;soil type（pumice）;landform （valley,gully,flat）and the interaction between them.This model could assist in management planning with regard to the predisposition of particular stand to Armillaria infection.Keywods:Armillaria root rot,Disease incidence,Site factors,Quantification,Pinus radiata.

Relationships between femoral strength evaluated by nonlinear finite element analysis and BMD,material distribution and geometric morphology

Precisely quantifying the strength of the proximal femur and accurately assessing hip fracture risk would enable those at high risk to be identified so that preventive interventions could be taken.Development of better measures of femoral strength using the clinically

Analysis of genetic relationships between grain milling quality traits and plant agronomic traits of rice

Since seed and maternal plant are in different generations,the grain milling traits and plant agronomic traits of rice are based on differentgenetic models.Using the genetic modelswhich could estimate covariance componentsbetween two traits with unequal design matri-ces,we analyzed the gentic relationships be-

Variations in Phytic Acid Content and Their Relationship with Protein Content and Kernel Morphological Characters of Chinese Winter Wheat Cultivars

[Objective] The aim of this study was to determine the variation of phytic acid content （PAC） and its frequency distribution, as well as the relationship between PAC and protein content, kernel characteristics in 161 Chinese winter wheat cultivars from four regions. [Method] One hundred and sixty-one winter wheat varieties from China Wheat Zones I, II, III and IV （Table 1） were grown in a randomized block de- sign, in the 2009-2011 cropping season; and then the indexes for describing the grain morphological characteristics such as the thousand kernel weight （TKW）, kernel length （KL）, kernel width （KW） and kernel thickness （KT） were measured; the phytic acid content （PAC）, protein content and sedimentation value were also determined; finally, the relationship between PAC and protein content, kernel characteristics were analyzed. [Result] The PAC in the cultivars tested ranged from 0.92% to 1.95% with a mean value of 1.41%. Protein content ranged from 12.60% to 19.20%, with a mean of 15.24%. Most （53.4%） of the wheat genotypes had a PAC value in the range of 1.25% to 1.55%. No significant correlation was found between PAC and protein content, sedimentation value, while protein content and SDS sedimentation value was significant correlated, which suggested the possibility of breeding wheat cultivars that have a low PAC but a high protein content and good gluten quality. There was a high correlation between TKW and KW （,.=0.79）, KL （r=0.50） and KT （r=0.64）. PAC was found having no significant correlation with TKW, KW, KL and KT. [Conclusion] The result suggests the possibility of breeding wheat cultivars that have a low PAC but high kernel weight.

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth and the development strategy of a low-carbon economy in Kazakhstan

Fossil energy is the material basis of human survival, economic development and social progress. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is becoming increasingly close. However, energy consumption is the major source of greenhouse gases, which can significantly affect the balance of the global ecosystem. It has become the common goal of countries worldwide to address climate change, reduce carbon dioxide emissions, and implement sustainable development strategies. In this study, we applied an approximate relationship analysis, a decoupling relationship analysis, and a trend analysis to explore the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth using data from Kazakhstan for the period of 1993-2010. The results demonstrated： （1） the total energy consumption and GDP in Kazakhstan showed a ＂U＂-type curve from 1993 to 2010. This curve was observed because 1993-1999 was a period during which Kazakhstan transitioned from a republic to an independent country and experienced a difficult transition from a planned to a market economy. Then, the economic system became more stable and the industrial production increased rapidly because of the effective financial, monetary and industrial policy support from 2000 to 2010. （2） The relationships between energy con- sumption and carbon emissions, economic growth and energy exports were linked; the carbon emissions were mainly derived from energy consumption, and the dependence of economic growth on energy exports gradually increased from 1993 to 2010. Before 2000, the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth was in a recessional decoupling state because of the economic recession. After 2000, this relationship was in strong and weak decoupling states because the international crude oil prices rose and energy exports increased greatly year by year. （3） It is forecasted that Kazakhstan cannot achieve its goal of energy consumption by 2020. Therefore, a low-carbon economy is the best strategic choice to address climate change from a global perspective in Kazakhstan. Thus, we proposed strategies including the improvement of the energy consumption structure, the development of new energy and renewable energy, the use of cleaner production technologies, the adjustment and optimization of the industrial structure, and the expansion of forest areas.

Bibliometric analysis of subject trends and knowledge structures of gut microbiota

BACKGROUND Gut microbiota is an emerging field of research,with related research having breakthrough development in the past 15 years.Bibliometric analysis can be applied to analyze the evolutionary trends and emerging hotspots in this field.AIM To study the subject trends and knowledge structures of gut microbiota related research fields from 2004 to 2018.METHODS The literature data on gut microbiota were identified and downloaded from the PubMed database.Through biclustering analysis,strategic diagrams,and social network analysis diagrams,the main trend and knowledge structure of research fields concerning gut microbiota were analyzed to obtain and compare the research hotspots in each period.RESULTS According to the strategic coordinates and social relationship network map,Clostridium Infections/microbiology,Clostridium Infections/therapy,RNA,Ribosomal,16S/genetics,Microbiota/genetics,Microbiota/immunology,Dysbiosis/immunology,Infla-mmation/immunology,Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods,Fecal Microbiota Transplantation can be used as an emerging research hotspot in the past 5 years(2014-2018).CONCLUSION Some subjects were not yet fully studied according to the strategic coordinates;and the emerging hotspots in the social network map can be considered as directions of future research.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PRECEDING PACIFIC SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURES AND SUBTROPICAL HIGH INDEXES OF MAIN RAINING SEASONS

With correlation analysis and factor analysis methods, the effects of preceding Pacific SSTs on subtropical high indexes of main raining seasons are discussed. The results of correlation analysis show that the effects of SSTs on five subtropical high indexes differ in seasons and regions. The variation of SSTs mostly affects the area and intensity indexes of the subtropical high, followed by the western ridge index, and the effect on the ridge line index is more remarkable than on the north boundary index. The results of factor analysis reveals that the first common factor of SST of each season reflected mainly the inverse relation of SSTs variation between the central and eastern part of equatorial Pacific and the western Pacific, which correlates better with the subtropical high indexes in the main raining seasons than other common factors of SST. The analysis of interdecadal variation indicated that the variation of SSTs was conducive to the emergence of the La Ni?a event before the end of 1970s, such that in the summer the subtropical high is likely to be weaker and smaller and located eastward and northward. After the 1980s, the opposite characteristics prevailed.

Difference of Phytic Acid Content and its Relation to Four Protein Composition Contents in Grains of Twenty-nine japonica Rice Varieties from Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces,China

Twenty-nine japonica rice varieties collected from Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, China were planted in Hangzhou, China, to investigate the phytic acid content in brown rice and its frequency distribution as well as the correlation among the contents of phytic acid, total protein and four protein compositions in brown rice. The phytic acid content in brown rice ranged from 0.699% to 1.034%, with a mean of 0.868% for the 29 tested rice varieties. Xiushui series rice varieties generally exhibited lower phytic acid level than Wuyujing and Huai series rice varieties. A rough normal distribution, with a mean of 8.722%, was observed for the total protein contents in the tested varieties. Of the four protein compositions, the glutelin, globulin and albumin contents had larger coefficient of variation than the prolamin content, although the difference in prolamin content was genotype-dependent. No significant correlation was found between the phytic acid and four protein composition contents, whereas the total protein content was significantly and positively related to the glutelin content in brown rice.

Nucleotide Sequence Assessment of Four ORFs of Citrus Tristeza Virus: Evidence of Recombination

Citrus Tristeza Virus(CTV),usually occurs in nature as a mixture of genotypes.Six naturally infected citrus(Citrus sinensis)trees grafted on sour orange rootstock were collected from three citrus growing governorates in Egypt(Sharqia,Qalyubia and Garbia).In this study,RT-PCR,Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism(SSCP)and nucleotide sequence analysis were used for four independent CTV genomic regions(p65,p18,p20,and p23)to detect and assess the sequence and genetic variabilities among CTV Egyptian isolates.RTPCR products(650 bp)for the CTV p23 gene obtained from the selected isolates were used for the SSCP analysis and DNA sequencing.SSCP patterns of p23 gene for individual isolates yielded different complex haplotype patterns.Nucleotide sequence analysis of p23 region amplified from six isolates under study revealed that p23 shared high nucleotide identity 98.7%with T36 isolate from USA,Florida.Phylogenetic analysis of p23 gene indicated a close evolutionary relationship between all examined isolates and Qaha isolate(T36 isolate group),suggesting that they may have originated from closely related ancestors.Nucleotide sequence analysis of the three genes located on CTV 3′-coterminal overhang,p18,p20 and p65,amplified from isolate A3,Sharqia governorate,revealed that the p18,p65,and p20 genes were related to the T3-KB isolate from South Africa with 99%–100%sequence homology.Phylogenetic relationship analysis for p65,p18 and p20 ORFs clustered the current A3 isolate with T3 genotype group.The recombination analysis identified three of six isolates from Sharqia,and Garbia as potential recombinant for p23 gene.The isolates T36 and T3 were identified as major donors for recombination events in isolate A3.Our results concluded that p23 ORF likely to be as a hotspot region for recombination and originated through recombination event.The current study indicated that recombination is an important factor for the origin of CTV strains in Egypt.

Advance of Study on SSR Molecular Marker in Citrus and Its Close Relatives

Simple sequences repeat （SSR） molecular maker, as a new type of DNA molecular marker, the second generation based on the polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, is valuable and of great potential as genetic markers for its characteristics of abundant quantity, high polymorphic, reproducibility, specific site amplification, high occurring frequency, and co-dominant inheritance etc. This paper outlined its principles and characteristics, and introduced its application to variety identification, phylogenetic relationship analysis, genetic diversity analysis, DNA fingerprinting and linkage map constructing etc. in recent years in Citrus and its close relatives.

An Analysis of the Relationship Between the Education Attainment and Economic Status of the Elderly Population in the Towns and Cities of China

Viewed from a macro scope,the cultureof a community is closely related to its econ-omy.Economy being the basis,the level ofeconomic growth determines the level ofcultural development.Conversely,culturecan act as the precursor and cultural devel-opment enhances economic growth.Likewise,the education attainment of an in-dividual reflects the same sort

Further geometric morphometric analysis on the genus Eysarcoris(Hemiptera:Pentatomidae) from China

Further geometric morphometric analysis of the genus Eysarcoris was done based on the former studies to classified the nine Eysarcoris species from China. In this study, six characters, such as forewing, hindwing, pygophore, head, pronotum and scutellum, were selected to investigate the shape variation of Eysarcoris. Significant divergence in the shapes of the six characters was observed among the species（p 〈 0.05）. For all methods, phenetic similarity based on the six characters agrees with the current status of the genus. The cluster analysis of eight species are consistent with the traditional morphological studies. CVA analysis also shows that the values of the six characters are not equal in taxonomy. Pygophore, forewing, hindwing and pronotum play more important roles in the classification.