The Relationship between Men and Nature Reflected by the Conflict be tween Captain Ahab and Moby Dick

"Moby Dick"is an in-depth spiritual exploration about beliefs,religion,fate and nature with multi-layered meanings.This novel is based on a whale-hunting adventure,which turns out to be actually a vengeance-seeking voyage.The plot is very simple,yet the meaning behind it is far from simple.Applying symbolism,Melville depicts a hostile relationship between men and nature,which is spotlighted by the conflict between Captain Ahab and Moby Dick.This thesis deals with the relationship between men and nature as presented in the novel,the symbolic meaning that Melville intends to convey and his attitude towards the ideal relationship between men and nature.

Comparison and Inspiration of the Theme of Relationship between Human Beings and Nature in the Field of Literature between China and the West

The relationship between human beings and nature influences the expressions and manifestations of literature. Literature can spy on the nature exploration of human society and ideological values in the thinking and behavior patterns,expressing the relationship between human beings and nature. Through expressions of literature in China and the West,we draw lessons from W estern literary expressions in the developing relationship between man and nature,and get inspiration for the development of Chinese literature.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE IN TRADITIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS CONCEPTS OF CHINA AND WEST

As the process of economic globalization gathers momentum, dialogue between different cultures has become extremely important. There should be dialogue between the Chinese and Western cultures under the principle of equality and mutual respect and understanding to increase consensus for mutual development.

The Human-Nature Relationship Showed in Elizabeth Bishop’s The Moose

Elizabeth Bishop is a well-known American poet and short story writer, whose literary works have been appreciated by readers and received many awards. This paper intends to have an analysis of one of Elizabeth Bishop’s poem, The Moose, from the perspective of human-nature relationship showed in it and finds out that a harmonious relationship between mankind and nature can be interpreted from the poem. This paper is divided into three parts, including a brief introduction of the poet and the poem, the analysis of the poem, and the conclusion reached after the analysis.

Protecting Our Common Homestead:A Comparative Study on Attitudes Towards Man and Nature in Chinese and the Western Culture

In light of increasingly worsening environmental pollution,this paper,through comparing different attitudes towards the relationship between man and nature in Chinese and the western culture,points out rebuilding a harmonious relationship between man and nature is the common object of human being,and appeals to people to shake off man-centered thinking pattern,and to treat nature as our friend.

The Thought of the Oneness Between Man and Nature in Walden

From the view of the ecological theory, this paper tries to analyze that Thoreau uses Chinese traditional philosophical thought--- the oneness of man and nature to deal with the relationship of human beings and the nature in Walden.

Influence of Tourists′ Environmental Tropisms on Their Attitudes to Tourism and Nature Conservation in Natural Tourist Destinations: A Case Study of Jiuzhaigou National Park in China

People′s environmental tropism has an effect on their understanding of tourism-nature relationship,and also influences their attitudes to natural resources utilization and environmental protection.Taking Jiuzhaigou National Park of China as a study case,the authors conducted some quantitative analyses with the tools of SPSS 16.0 and LISREL 8.7,to explore the influence of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in the natural tourist destination.Three hypotheses and the theoretic model of influences of tourists′ environmental tropism on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation have been tested and accepted based on the Structural Equation Model analysis on survey data collected in Jiuzhaigou National Park of China.Some conclusions were drawn as follows: 1) tourists′ human-prioritized concept influences their cognition to tourism-nature relationship.This concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to tourism,but a negative influence on their attitudes to nature conservation;2) tourists′ human-nature coordination concept has a positive influence on their supportive attitudes to both tourism and nature conservation,especially to the latter.This paper generally proves that human′s environmental tropism does have an influence on their attitudes to tourism and nature conservation in natural tourist destinations.

Heterogeneity-diversity Relationships in Natural Areas of Yunnan,China

Understanding regional environmental heterogeneity(EH)and biodiversity relationships(heterogeneity-diversity relationships:HDRs)is the first step toward coupling environmental variables with biodiversity surrogates into regional systematic conservation planning.However,there is no universal method for determining regional HDRs that considers various environmental variables and biodiversity in different regions.This study selected 32 nature reserves as natural areas in Yunnan,China,to examine regional HDRs in Yunnan.We calculated 17 EH parameters(of soil,topography,and climate)and three(ecosystem,plant,and animal)biodiversity indices in the nature reserves.By examining the explanatory power of each EH parameter and area of the nature reserve,we identified the primary parameters and constructed an optimal model for each biodiversity index.The explanatory powers of these parameters varied for each biodiversity index,and those of climatic parameters were generally higher than soil and topographic heterogeneity ones.Heterogeneity of the temperature annual range,followed by area and heterogeneity of soil type,were important parameters for ecosystem diversity of Yunnan and the optimal model explained 56.9%.Plant diversity was explained 54.5%by its optimal model,consisting of heterogeneity of precipitation of the coldest quarter and annual precipitation.Heterogeneity of temperature annual range was important for animal diversity in Yunnan and explained 29.6%of its optimal model.This study suggests that EH parameters can be an effective surrogate for biodiversity,therefore,we suggested that the significance and role of climatically heterogeneous regions for the conservation of biodiversity in Yunnan should be further studied in the future.

博士生师生关系满意度现状及其影响因素——基于2019年Nature全球博士生调查和文献分析

在"以学生为中心"的理念下,基于2019年Nature全球博士生调查数据,文章探讨了全球博士生师生关系满意度现状,并运用多元线性回归方法分析了其影响因素。研究结论如下。第一,总体上,全球博士生师生关系满意度水平良好,但中国博士生师生关系满意度水平低于全球平均水平。第二,博士生的个体特征对其满意度的影响显著,男性、在本国学习以及独立程度高的博士生满意度更高。第三,导师的学术指导、培养条件支持及情感支持均对博士生满意度的影响显著;导师提供的学术指导越多、学术能力支持越大、科研控制支持越大、心理健康支持越大、越认同学生的研究,则博士生对师生关系就越满意。第四,导师认可是影响博士生师生关系满意度最为重要的因素。

Height-Diameter Relationship of Some Forest Species Exploited for Wood in the Natural Tropical Forest of the Congo Basin

To enrich knowledge on the growth dynamics of commercial forest species in the Congo Basin, a study was conducted in Cameroon, within a community forest in savannah forest transition zone (Zone 1) and within FMU 10 052 in dense semi-deciduous humid forest (Zone 2). It aimed to obtain, in 8 species, the height (H) of the tree from its diameter (D) more accessible: Entandophragma cylindricum (Meliacea), Eribroma oblongum, Sterculia rhinopetala et Triplochiton scleroxylon (Malvaceae);Erythrophleum suaveolens et Piptadeniastrum africanum (Fabaceae), Milicia excelsa (Moraceae) et Terminalia superba (Combretaceae). The destructive method was used. After felling and flushing out a tree, the dendrometric parameters were measured and/or calculated. In Zone 1, 6 species including T. scleroxylon were calibrated using 30 trees of each. In Zone 2, 45 trees of E. cylindricum, 99 of E. suaveolens and 82 of T. scleroxylon constituted the sample. At the 5% threshold (95% confidence interval), the height-diameter relationship is a linear model. In all species, the height of a tree is predicted by measuring its diameter through linear regression. In Zone 1 regression equation is: H(m) = 28.13 + 19.09 * D(m) for T. scleroxylon;H(m) = 12.35 + 30.38 * D(m) for S. rhinopetala;H(m) = 23.09 + 26.42 * D(m) for E. oblongum;H(m) = 14.86 + 20.92 * D(m) for P. africanum;H(m) = 14.98 + 24.78 * D(m) for T. superba and H(m) = 1.55 + 32.37 * D(m) for M. excelsa. In Zone 2, the relationship is: H(m) = 27.40 + 14.21 * D(m) for T. scleroxylon;H(m) = 7.79 + 20.18 * D(m) for E. cylindricum and H(m) = 20.08 + 9.74 * D(m) for E. suaveolens (probability associated with F < 0.0001). The influence of site parameters (biotic and abiotic) on the height-diameter relationship should be more studied in multilayers forests specifically in the Congo Basin.

A Brief Analysis of the relationship between the natural sciences and humanities and social science

With the continuous development of economic and social, the category of science is no longer limited to the technical field, natural science, humanities and social science have flourished, but the study of the relationship between the two disciplines is not perfect enough, so we should follow the academic trend, clarify the relationship between the two,only in this way can we have a more specific grasp of the science, this had a profound influence on the all-round development of modern society.

中国古代儒家伦理思想中的道德空间智慧探论

道德空间是指个体以道德规范来调节自我身心,自我与他人、社会,以及自我与自然的关系,从而建构起来的价值空间。它体现为个体在道德关系场域中的得居其位和与外界的共生、共处状态。在以往伦理学理论体系中,道德空间并非显性范畴,但这并不能表明传统伦理思想体系中就没有这方面的思想智慧。中国古代儒家伦理思想就隐藏着丰富的个体道德空间智慧:一是“养浩然之气”和“慎独”学说蕴含的个体身心维度的道德空间智慧,养浩然之气意味着个体恰当安置身心于身心关系场域,慎独意味着个体自我内求道德并以合德方式谨慎把握身心关系,因此它们都是个体身心维度的道德空间建构;二是“仁”“礼”统一学说蕴含的个体与他人、社会维度的道德空间智慧,仁指爱人利人、将心比心、推己及人以形成相互仁爱的人际关系,礼乃仁之具体行为规范和行为模式,以及人们循礼而为所形成的礼和秩序,仁爱关系、礼和秩序都是个体人际维度的道德空间架构;三是“天人合一”学说蕴含的个体与自然维度的道德空间智慧,其中天即自然界,人是作为主体的存在,天人合一意味着天人合德,而天人合德即意味着人以道德规范来协调自我与自然的关系,与自然共生、共处,从而展现出人与自然维度的道德空间意蕴。这些道德空间思想智慧对于人们协调自我身心关系,平衡自我与他人、自我与社会的关系,调节自我与自然的关系,从而实现人与自然的和谐共生,具有重要意义和启迪价值。

广义道德论:当代科技道德的重塑

当代科技既超现实又反现实,在建构世界的同时又对真实世界实现了“降维打击”。探讨当代科技发展趋势如人工智能、生物医学、基因编辑、量子科技等,需要明确其中蕴含的当代性。所谓当代科技发展之“发展”有双关深意:既生成了新兴技术的道德问题本身,又生成了可解方案——广义道德论。新技术的溢出突破道德解释的理论极限,需要创设一种能够将“包容性”和“适应性”统合起来的新伦理解释框架。新的伦理解释框架是递归的科技道德问题与道德设计创造性的变量函数值,亦是当代科技发展中新的人与技术关系方程式。

生态经济地理:一个有利于自然地理和人文地理融合的构想

回应当前学界关于自然地理与人文地理能否走向融合的讨论,文章构建了一个有利于自然地理与人文地理融合的生态经济地理分析框架,提出关注“人”作为本身级联产业、技术、制度系统复杂关联的地域巨系统的能动性变化,及其与生态系统之间的双向反馈关系,通过探讨环境变化和技术变革背景下人地系统耦合机制和调控途径,在综合权衡中寻找人类可持续发展的最佳答案。选用“桑-基鱼塘生态经济系统百年演变”“数据中心的‘数-能-水’系统级联”“生态修复规划的人文视角”3个案例来阐明生态经济地理的研究视角与思路。最后,围绕“格局―过程―关联―路径”的分析框架,提出了生态经济地理需重点关注的4个研究议题:生态系统与经济系统各要素耦合格局、不同系统间要素流动过程及影响、生态经济耦合系统的区域复杂关联、生态经济的可持续发展路径。以期以上述议题为牵引,加强自然与人文学者之间的相互协作,促进地理学科的融合发展,提升地理学解决综合性问题的能力。

基于栅格尺度的黄河流域人地关系时空耦合分析

黄河流域作为中国人口与产业集聚区,其水资源短缺、生态退化、环境污染等问题严重,研究该区域的人地关系对于推进生态保护和高质量发展国家战略具有重要意义。然而面向国土空间规划、生态环境网格化治理等现实需求,目前黄河流域人地关系还缺乏精细栅格尺度研究。使用人类足迹(HF)和生态系统质量指数(EQI)作为人地系统的代理变量,基于Sen+MK趋势检验识别了2000—2020年1km×1km栅格尺度下黄河流域人类活动和生态系统质量时空演化特征,运用四象限图解法量化了两者协调与冲突关系,基于多种回归模型解析了黄河流域人类活动对生态系统质量的影响程度和时空异质性。结果表明,2000—2020年黄河流域EQI和HF整体均呈上升趋势,其中显著上升区域前者占比64.2%,后者占比49.2%。黄河流域人地关系整体呈现协调演化态势,人地协调演化区主要分布在黄土高原、太行山西麓和宁夏沿黄等地区;人地冲突区域仅占7.7%,主要分布在城镇化快速推进地区和上游生态脆弱区。在控制了气温、降水、日照、海拔等自然因子后,HF对EQI仍有显著负向影响,整体看HF每增加1%,EQI将下降0.067%。但这种影响存在时空异质性,人类活动对黄河流域中下游EQI的负向影响更加显著,20年间整个流域的HF对EQI的负向影响呈现缓慢增加态势。为栅格尺度的人地关系研究提供了新的方法论,研究结果为黄河流域人与自然和谐共生的政策制定提供决策支持。

“生命共同体”要素构成视角下马克思生态观点的中国化发展

习近平总书记于党的二十大报告中提出“人与自然是生命共同体”,将人与自然关系在新时代中定位为“生命共同体”。“生命共同体”概念由人、自然、社会等多元要素辩证结合而成,作为一个兼具过去性、现实性和未来性的辩证整体,不仅继承了马克思讨论人与自然关系的底层要素与逻辑,还结合我国生态文明实践、中华优秀传统文化实现了对马克思主义生态观点的中国化发展,是习近平生态文明思想的重要组成部分。故对于“生命共同体”的研究,不仅要从整体层次考虑人与自然的演化与和合,同样也要基于其底层构成逻辑对“共同体”的个体要素追根溯源,思考“生命共同体”中各个部分的演进与当代发展,明确马克思主义关于人和自然观点在当今中国生态实践中的创新性、时代性发展,进而阐述好、建设好有中国特色、中国担当的生态理论。

论儒家教化思想的人性论根基

儒家教化思想的框架可概括为“本性立教”,即强调将教化理论建立在人性的基础上,施教者根据人人固有的天命之性,确立与开展教化工作。人性在儒家教化思想中,至少有三个层面的意义:其一,人性蕴含着来自天命的人生目的,即为了成就孝悌美德;其二,人性在经验层面的形态会随着教化的推进,日渐彰显与实现;其三,人性在任何时刻都具有一个朝向至善目的的趋势,因而教化的实质是因性利导。由于儒家并不是将父子之道建立在私情或血缘的基础上,而是视为具有超越与普遍意义的人性,所以儒家教化能够以父子之道作为基础,将孝德推向他人乃至天下万物。其原理是父子之道与天人之道相结合,一切伦理关系都需要置于天人关系的视野下才能得到理解。总之,人性是教化的根基,教化是人性的实现,二者之间相互成就。

明清兽灾言说与生态保护意识

明清战乱与人口增长,边荒垦殖扩大,侵犯了野生动物领地,加剧了兽灾爆发。人们杀兽自救,民间叙事者标举捕猛兽器械和捕兽技术。站在人类中心立场上,把野兽完全推到灾害施加者的被告席上。面临野兽袭击,人与家畜亲密依存关系强化,人往往依靠与家畜互助互卫,家畜形象被愈加伦理化。人们还依靠地方官员德行、能力弭灾驱灾;许多边荒地区则以祷神、责神来治理兽灾。对猛兽威胁,明清还多取人兽亲和的神幻想象。地方官也更为积极地表彰资助协力抗灾的百姓。在华夏灾害、御灾与生态学融合的文学书写中,是人与动物关系的一个令人警醒的方面。

辽南海岛型村落空间结构特征分析

要辽南长山群岛位于辽宁省大连市,其四面环海的地理特征导致其村落的生产、生活功能紧密依附自然环境,并在此发展着独特的人居模式。作为一种自诞生就与大陆相隔的生态系统,其空间上的功能组成与结构特征与当地特殊的自然环境紧密相连,具有鲜明的环境特征,海岛型村落则是特殊自然环境下体现人地关系的代表性人居场所。该文结构上采用“宏观—中观—微观”的思维逻辑,对辽南长山群岛整体进行调查研究,并以“人地关系”为出发点,采用一系列图底关系的研究方式对村落各类型空间进行分析并总结出其结构特征,为海岛型村落未来的保护与更新提供设计思路。

人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化--一项基于多维度的历时性考察

自中华人民共和国成立以来,中国的现代化建设历经传统、统筹与创新三个阶段,构成了富有中国特色的现代化建设图景。其中,关于自然价值观的更迭,从生产质料转变为保障条件,再到新型财富,其价值得以不断扩容与彰显。同时,随着自然价值观的变化,人与自然关系也从传统阶段的相对分离,转变为统筹阶段的共在共存,再向创新阶段的共生共荣关系抵近。在这一关系变迁中,从发展优先为起点,到发展与保护统筹兼顾,最终演变为生态优先,实现了经济效益、生态效益与社会效益的统一。纵观整个中国的现代化建设历程,绿色型发展作为通往人与自然和谐共生现代化的路径保障,实现了对传统发展模式的创造性解构,进而为通往人类现代化新形态贡献中国智慧与方案。