Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and bioactive components of Radix Hedysari on increasing the peak bone mass of rat

The traditional Chinese medicine of Radix Hedysari plays an important role in invigorating gas for ascending, benefiting blood for promoting production of fluid, and promoting circulation for removing obstruction in collaterals, which is consistent with the principle of treatment for osteoporosis. This study is designed to investigate the bioactive components on increasing peak bone mass (PBM) by exploring the spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and effect. Multiple indicators are selected to evaluate the pharmacological activity. In fingerprints, 21 common peaks are obtained, five of which are identified. Furthermore, gray relational analysis (GRA) is a quantitative method of gray system theory and is used to describe the correlation degree of common peaks and pharmacological activities with relational value. 21 components are then divided into three different regions, of which ononin and calycosin play an extremely significant role in increasing PBM. In addition, factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) are used to screen the optimal producing area for Radix Hedysari. This provides a comprehensive and efficient method to improve the quality evaluation of Radix Hedysari, confirming the bioactive components for PBM-enhancement and further develop its medicinal value.

The scaling relationship of leaf area and total mass of sample plots across world trees

The scaling relationship between leaf area and total mass of plant has important implications for understanding resource allocations in the plant.The model of West,Brown and Enquist(WBE model)considers that a 3/4 scaling exponent of metabolic rate versus total mass to be optimal for each plant and has been confirmed numerous times.Although leaf area is a better proxy of the metabolic rate than leaf mass,few studies have focused on the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass and even fewer have discussed the diversification of this scaling exponent across different conditions.Here,I analyzed the scaling exponent of leaf area versus total mass of sample plots across world plants.I found that as the plant grows,it allocates fewer resources to photosynthetic tissues than expected by the WBE model.The results also empirically show that this scaling exponent varies significantly for different plant leaf habit,taxonomic class and geographic region.Therefore,leaf strategy in response to environmental pressure and constraint clearly plays a significant role.

Change of Annual Extreme Water Levels and Correlation with River Discharges in the Middle-lower Yangtze River: Characteristics and Possible Affecting Factors

As one of the fastest developing regions in China, the middle-lower Yangtze River （MLYR） is vulnerable to floods and droughts. With obtained time series of annual highest water level （HWL）, annual lowest water level （LWL） and the corresponding fiver discharges from three gauging stations in MLYR that covering the period 1987-2011, the current study evaluated the change character- istics of annual extreme water levels and the correlation with fiver discharges by using the methods of Vend test, Mann-Whitney-Pettitt （MWP） test and double mass analysis. Major result indicated a decreasing/increasing trend for annual HWL/LWL of all stations in MLYR during the study period. A change point in 1999 was identified for annual HWL at the Hankou and Datong stations. The year 2006 was found to be the critical year that the relationship between annual extreme water levels and fiver discharges changed in the MLYR. With contrast to annual LWL in MLYR, further investigation revealed that the change characteristics of annual HWL were highly consistent with regional precipitation in the Yangtze River Basin, while the linkage with Three Gorges Dam （TGD） operation is not strong. Our observation also pointed out that the effect of serious down cutting of the riverbed and the enlargement of the cross-section area during the initial period of TGD operation caused the downward trend of the relationship between annual LWL and river discharge. Whereas, the relatively raised river water level before the flood season due to TGD regulation since 2006 explained for the changing upward trend of the relationship between annual HWL and river discharge.

Mass transfer mechanism and relationship of gas–liquid annular flow in a microfluidic cross-junction device

Mass transfer performance of gas–liquid two-phase flow at microscale is the basis of application of microreactor in gas–liquid reaction systems.At present,few researches on the mass transfer property of annular flow have been reported.Therefore,the mass transfer mechanism and relationship of gas–liquid annular flow in a microfluidic cross-junction device are studied in the present study.We find that the main factors,i.e.,flow pattern,liquid film thickness,liquid hydraulic retention time,phase interface fluctuation,and gas flow vorticity,which influence the flow mass transfer property,are directly affected both by gas and liquid flow velocities.But the influences of gas and liquid velocities on different mass transfer influencing factors are different.Thereout,the fitting relationships between gas and liquid flow velocities and mass transfer influencing factors are established.By comparing the results from calculations using fitting equations and simulations,it shows that the fitting equations have relatively high degrees of accuracy.Finally,the Pareto front,namely the Pareto optimal solution set,of gas and liquid velocity conditions for the best flow mass transfer property is obtained using the method of multi-objective particle swarm optimization.It is proved that the mass transfer property of the gas–liquid two-phase flow can be obviously enhanced under the guidance of the obtained Pareto optimal solution set through experimental verification.

Study on the Structural Effect of Maltoligosaccharides on Cytochrome c Complexes Stabilities by Native Mass Spectrometry

Noncovalent interactions between ligands and targeting proteins are essential for understanding molecular mechanisms of proteins.In this work,we investigated the interaction of Cytochrome c(Cyt c)with maltoligosaccharides,namely maltose(Mal Ⅱ),maltotriose(Mal Ⅲ),maltotetraose(Mal Ⅳ),maltopentaose(Mal Ⅴ),maltohexaose(Mal Ⅵ)and maltoheptaose(Mal Ⅶ).Using electrospray ionization mass spetrometry(ESI-MS)assay,the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes formed by Cyt c with maltoligosaccharide ligand were observed.The corresponding association constants were calculated according to the deconvoluted spectra.The order of the relative binding affinities of the selected oligosaccharides with Cyt c were as MalⅢ>MalⅣ>MalⅡ>MalⅤ>MalⅥ>MalⅦ.The results indicated that the stability of noncovalent protein complexes was intimately correlated to the molecular structure of bound ligand.The relevant functional groups that could form H-bonds,electrostatic or hydrophobic forces with protein’s amino residues played an important role for the stability of protein complexes.In addition,the steric structure of ligand was also critical for an appropriate interaction with the binding pocket of proteins.

Investigation of the Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Psychotherapy (ACT) on Quality of Life of Adult Women Suffering from Obesity

Background and Purpose: Quality of life as an important factor in health is very important. This study is looking for an appropriate and effective treatment for improving quality of life. This research aims to study the psychological effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on quality of life of adult women suffering from obesity. Methods and Materials: This research is a kind of half-trail, with pattern of pre-test, post-test and group control. Statistical population includes all over-weight women with body mass index (BMI) range (30 - 40) who participated in family training sessions held in Shahin Shahr city. 40 patients who had the characteristics for sampling were selected and randomly placed in test and control groups (each group 20 people). Participants in each group before and after intervention quality of life questionnaire with 100 question sample World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-100 were evaluated. 12 sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy in group was used. The obtained data were analyzed with the use of Sciences Statistical Package for the Social (SPSS) 18 statistical software and methods of analysis of covariance. Findings: After selection of adult women having a BMI between 30 and 40 based on availability who had attended the meeting of family education, by invitation and voluntary, they were randomized into experimental and control groups. Intervention was done for experimental group. Due to the result of covariance analysis on the post-test stage, examination group showed significant improvement in variants physical health dimensions, level of independence in social and environmental relationships and spirituality (p < 0.01). Conclusion: According to the findings of this research based on the impact of acceptance and commitment intervention on promotion and improving in quality of life, this treatment can be used for improving the variants in women suffering from over-weight and obesity.

Precipitation Chemistry and Corresponding Transport Patterns of Influencing Air Masses at Huangshan Mountain in East China

One hundred and ten samples of rainwater were collected for chemical analysis at the summit of Huangshan Mountain, a high-altitude site in East China, from July 2010 to June 2011. The volume-weighted-mean （VWM） pH for the whole sampling period was 5.03. SO2- and Ca2＋ were the most abundant anion and cation, respectively. The ionic concentrations varied monthly with the highest concentrations in winter/spring and the lowest in summer. Evident inter-correlations were found among most ions, indicating the common sources for some species and fully mixing characteristics of the alpine precipitation chemistry. The VWM ratio of [SO]-]/[NO3] was 2.54, suggesting the acidity of rainwater comes from both nitric and sulfuric acids. Compared with contemporary observations at other alpine continental sites in China, the precipitation at Huangshan Mountain was the least polluted, with the lowest ionic concentrations. Trajectories to Huangshan Mountain on rainy days could be classified into six groups. The rainwater with influencing air masses originating in Mongolia was the most polluted with limited effect. The emissions of Jiangxi, Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces had a strong influence on the overall rain chemistry at Huangshan Mountain. The rainwater with influencing air masses from Inner Mongolia was heavily polluted by anthropogenic pollutants.

A Review of Geothermal Type-Curves with Damage Effect: A Case of Practical Apply to a Mexican Geothermal Field

A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-curves of the inflow relationships was shown. We show the process followed for achieve the geothermal type-curve affected with damage for reservoirs with mean salinities of 30000 ppm and temperatures up to 350℃. This type-curve was applied using measurement production data in a Mexican geothermal field. According with the obtained results is shown that the methodology for determining the damage effect using production measurements is a sure alternative for the damage effect calculation. It was used an alternative methodology in order to validate the damage presence and the obtained results were consistent. Last thing shows that both methodologies can be combined as a confident manner.

Mass Concentration of Particles (PM10) in Urban Environment of Changsha,China

Continuous measurement of ambient PM10 was performed by TEOM at a university campus for about one year from 20 November 2007 to 29 October 2008 in Changsha city of Hunan province.Indoor PM10 and PM2.5 concentration were measured by DustTrak simultaneously in order to describe the difference in concentration level and daily variations of particle mass concentration between different seasons,and to survey the influence of ambient particle on indoor air quality.During the survey period,the annual average PM10 concentration was found to be 117.63 μg/m3,with a mean value 121.88 μg/m3 in winter and 111.50 μg/m3 in spring.The temporal trend changed quickly from time to time,and the peak values were found in rush hours and in the evening.Ambient PM10 showed a good correlation with indoor PM10 and outdoor PM2.5 but not with indoor PM2.5.These results showed that PM10 was influenced by local source(such as traffic or fuel burning)and regional source.The correlation analysis has shown that ambient PM10 contributes substantial fraction to indoor PM10 but not to indoor PM2.5,which indicates other source may exist in the indoor environment.

Electron Mass in an Atom Is Less than Rest Mass

Einstein’s energy-momentum relationship is a formula that typifies the special theory of relativity (STR). According to the STR, when the velocity of a moving body increases, so does the mass of the body. The STR asserts that the mass of a body depends of the velocity at which the body moves. However, when energy is imparted to a body, this relation holds because kinetic energy increases. When the motion of an electron in an atom is discussed at the level of classical quantum theory, the kinetic energy of the electron is increased due to the emission of energy. At this time, the relativistic energy of the electron decreases, and the mass of the electron also decreases. The STR is not applicable to an electron in an atom. This paper derives an energy-momentum relationship applicable to an electron in an atom. The formula which determines the mass of an electron in an atom is also derived by using that relationship.

身体质量指数联合三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值预测2型糖尿病风险

目的利用体检指标中身体质量指数(BMI)和三酰甘油与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值(triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,TG/HDL-C)联合预测2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)发病风险。方法基于瑞慈医疗集团2010—2016年体检人群的数据库,通过Cox比例风险模型观测不同BMI的人群基线TG/HDL-C对随访期间T2DM风险的影响,并分析TG/HDL-C与BMI是否存在交互作用。结果在随访期间,13685例研究对象中共有315例最终诊断为T2DM。以BMI=24 kg/m^(2)为界,将所有研究对象分成两个亚组。BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组共有8238例研究对象,96例在随访结束时患T2DM,对潜在的混杂因素进行调整后,升高的TG/HDL-C导致T2DM事件的风险较高[HR 95%CI=1.47(1.23,1.74),P<0.001]。与最低五分位数(Q1)相比,升高的TG/HDL-C五分位数(Q2~Q5)T2DM发病率增加[HR 95%CI分别为:0.73(0.28,1.93)、2.75(1.29,5.85)、2.81(1.28,6.20)和3.91(1.51,10.11)]。BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)的亚组共有5447例研究对象,219例在随访结束时患T2DM。在两个亚组中,随着TG/HDL-C的增加,T2DM患病风险均呈非线性增加,这一变化在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组更为明显。绘制两个亚组TG/HDLC与3年和5年T2DM发病的ROC曲线,在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的亚组中,ROC曲线下面积分别为0.72和0.77。在BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)的亚组中,ROC曲线下面积则分别为0.55和0.57。结论在BMI<24 kg/m^(2)的人群中,TG/HDL-C的升高提示T2DM患病风险显著增加。

近代翻译文学:教育观念转变的“引擎”

鸦片战争以降,西学翻译和教育变革成为国人呼声最高的两剂救亡药方。对于翻译中伴随的异质性,如何作用于教育转型的进程,进而引领着教育观念的转变,值得寻绎。潮水般涌入华夏大地的泰西文学,促使近代人才观不断位移,各类译著中的西方人物,焕发出别具一格的魅力,为国人树立了一种新型人才“标杆”。西方教育小说中的教师,呈现出与传统中国教师截然不同的面相,成为形塑崭新师生关系的直接资源。在翻译小说的浸染之下,通俗文学逐渐深入人心,并在课堂上下、校园内外枝蔓攀升、花蕊广播。国人的知识结构在翻译文学的影响之下进行重组,中国教育模式得以吐故纳新,新的教育生态也逐渐建构起来。

新中国盐务缉私武装研究(1949-1952)

新中国成立初期,为缉私护税、保障财政收入,各地盐区先后组建并适度扩大了盐务缉私武装。从其建制上看,盐务缉私武装是一支具有特殊警察性质的军事化或半军事化组织。在缉私过程中,盐务缉私武装发动教育群众缉私并与群众缉私小组相配合,提升了缉私效果。1951年底到1952年,盐务缉私武装奉命整编裁改,既是“群众觉悟提高”的必然结果,也是国家“精兵简政、增产节约”的需要,但从更深层次上看,反映了国家财政税收政策的变化,盐务治理能力的提升。由于盐税税率的降低,挤压了食盐走私的空间,减轻了盐务缉私的压力。

考虑截面规则性的柱状节理岩体变形及强度特性研究

柱状节理岩体的复杂结构使其现场力学参数的确定存在困难,可靠地估计柱状节理岩体强度及变形特性对工程安全至关重要。结合Voronoi图形及3D打印技术制作不规则柱状节理岩体光敏树脂模具,并制备了具有不同倾角的规则及不规则柱状节理岩体试样。基于开展的单轴压缩试验结果,分析不同截面柱状节理岩体的变形及强度特性差异。根据试样最终破坏形态,揭示柱状节理岩体破坏模式及机制。结合已有研究结果,描述节理面材料对柱状节理岩体破坏形态及强度的影响。基于传统节理系数方法,提出了更能反映柱状节理岩体柱体结构特征的修正节理系数方法。采用修正节理系数法建立规则及不规则柱状节理岩体试验结果与现场变形及强度参数间的经验关系,将所提出计算公式应用于白鹤滩水电站工程,预测结果与现场实测值及RMR法(RMR为岩石质量评分指标)、Q法(Q为岩体质量指标)的预测值进行比较。结果表明,对于现场变形和强度参数,所提出的修正节理系数法的预测结果与现场实测结果较为吻合。

涵化理论视域下公安网剧构建和谐警民关系研究

尽管涵化理论在融媒体时代经历不断发展与修正,其对于拟态环境中警察形象的传播仍具有重要意义。通过影响观众对于警察和司法系统的认知和态度、对警察执法内容和效率的评价以及对社会治安环境的认知和评估,进而影响观众对于警察执法活动和警务工作的理解,紧密警民关系。公安机关应积极参与公安网剧创作、制作过程,重视公安话语权;关注剧情内容和细节,注重公安叙事;依托公安新媒体矩阵,强化公安网剧涵化效果。

基于孟德尔随机化探讨二甲双胍与肌少症相关特征的关联

目的探讨二甲双胍与肌少症相关特征的关联。方法基于公开的全基因组关联研究相关数据库,利用与二甲双胍使用强相关的单核苷酸多态性位点作为工具变量,采用两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)分析方法[包括逆方差加权(IVW)法、MR-Egger回归法和加权中位数法]研究二甲双胍与肌少症3种相关特征(低握力、肌肉质量、步行速度)的关联。分别采用Cochran’s Q检验评估异质性、MR-Egger截距检验检测多效性、留一法进行敏感性分析。结果IVW法分析结果显示,二甲双胍的使用可能与低握力风险增加(β=1.550,95%CI为0.389~2.711,P=0.009)和四肢肌肉质量减少(右腿瘦体重:β=-0.665,95%CI为-1.018~-0.312,P<0.001;左腿瘦体重:β=-0.710,95%CI为-1.049~-0.371,P<0.001;右臂瘦体重:β=-0.471,95%CI为-0.890~-0.053,P=0.027;左臂瘦体重:β=-0.463,95%CI为-0.865~-0.061,P=0.024)存在显著关联,但与步行速度无关。其他2种方法的结果或因果效应方向与之一致。Cochran’s Q检验提示本研究结果存在一定异质性;MR-Egger截距检验未发现水平多效性;敏感性分析提示本研究结果具有稳健性。结论二甲双胍可能增加肌少症的风险。

肥胖和骨质疏松之间的关联:一项两样本双向孟德尔随机化分析

背景:多项临床研究观察表明肥胖与骨质疏松症之间存在密切关系,但肥胖与骨质疏松症之间是否存在遗传因果效应尚不清楚。目的:利用大规模全基因组关联研究的汇总数据,通过孟德尔随机化分析探究肥胖和骨质疏松之间的关联。方法:肥胖数据来自人体特征遗传调查(GIANT)和英国生物样本库(UKBB)的汇总统计数据。骨质疏松症的数据来自从骨质疏松症遗传因素联盟(GeFOS)获得的2种骨密度表型:全身骨密度和跟骨骨密度。逆方差加权法为主要分析方法,基于Egger回归的孟德尔随机化法(Mendelian randomization method based on Egger regression,MR-Egger)和加权中位数法作为补充方法来计算肥胖遗传变异与骨质疏松症之间的因果关联。采用敏感性分析来验证结果的可靠性,利用Cochran’s Q检验分析结果的异质性,利用MR-Egger截距检验分析结果的水平多效性,留一法评估合并的逆方差加权法估计值是否具有潜在影响的单核苷酸多态性。结果与结论:①肥胖对骨质疏松症的影响:除身体质量指数与前臂骨密度外,身体质量指数、腰臀比、经身体质量指数调整的腰臀比与全身骨密度、跟骨骨密度、前臂骨密度、腰椎骨密度及股骨颈骨密度两两之间呈正向因果关系;进一步Meta分析显示,肥胖会增加骨密度的风险(OR=1.08,95%CI:1.05-1.11,P<0.01);②骨质疏松症对肥胖的影响:除了前臂骨密度、腰椎骨密度作为暴露因素对肥胖有因果关系外,其他数据集均显示全身骨密度、跟骨骨密度、股骨颈骨密度与肥胖之间不呈现因果效应;进一步Meta分析显示,骨密度并不会增加肥胖的风险(OR=0.99,95%CI:0.98-1.01,P<0.01)。③结果证实:肥胖与骨质疏松之间存在因果关系,即肥胖可能是骨质疏松症的危险性因素,但未发现骨质疏松症对于肥胖的因果关联。

妊娠早期BMI和25-(OH)D3在妊娠期糖尿病中交互作用及预测价值研究

目的:探讨体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)和25-羟维生素D3[25-hydroxyvitamin D3,25-(OH)D3]在妊娠期糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)中的交互作用及预测价值。方法:回顾性分析北京航天总医院2020年1月—2023年1月收治的102例GDM孕妇(GDM组)的临床资料,另选取同期102例健康孕妇作为对照组,比较2组妊娠早期(8~12周产检时)BMI、25-(OH)D3水平、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT)时空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、餐后1 h血糖(1 h PBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)水平,评估BMI、25-(OH)D3预测GDM的价值,并分析BMI、25-(OH)D3在GDM中的交互作用。结果:GDM组OGTT时FBG、1 h PBG、2 h PBG及妊娠早期BMI水平高于对照组,GDM组妊娠早期25-(OH)D3水平低于对照组(均P<0.05)。妊娠早期BMI与OGTT时FBG、1 h PBG、2 h PBG水平呈正相关,25-(OH)D3与OGTT时FBG、1 h PBG、2 h PBG水平呈负相关(均P<0.001)。妊娠早期高BMI是GDM发生的独立危险因素(OR=1.285,95%CI:1.161~1.422,P<0.001)、高25-(OH)D3是GDM发生的独立保护因素(OR=0.924,95%CI:0.899~0.948,P<0.001);调整混杂因素后,妊娠早期BMI、25-(OH)D3在GDM发生风险中呈正向交互作用,协同效应为二者单独存在产生效应之和的2.096倍(SI=2.096)。受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析显示,妊娠早期BMI和25-(OH)D3联合预测GDM的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.832,敏感度为76.47%,特异度为75.49%。结论:妊娠早期高BMI水平与低25-(OH)D3水平同时存在时GDM发生风险增加,可作为预测指标,为预防GDM提供指导信息。

祁连山北坡一次秋季对流性降水雨滴谱特征分析

利用Parsivel2激光雨滴谱仪观测数据,分析了祁连山北坡2020年9月21日发生的一次对流性降水天气的雨滴谱特征。结果表明:雨水含量W和降水强度R的时间演变一致,各站点雨滴数浓度N(D)最大时对应雨滴直径D均<1 mm,出现在层状云降水期间。在对流云雨增强至最大阶段,雨滴直径D迅速增大,各站点最大雨滴直径D在2.75~3.75 mm之间。高海拔站总数浓度NT平均值大于低海拔站,低海拔站质量加权平均直径D_(m)平均值大于高海拔站。对流云降水D_(m)显著大于层状云降水且分布相对集中,层状云降水D_(m)分布有更大谱宽。对流云降水logNw分布相对集中,层状云降水logNw分布有更大谱宽。Gamma函数能较好拟合祁连山区对流云和层状云降水平均谱。对流云、层状云μ-λ有很好的拟合关系。D_(m)-R拟合系数和指数均为正数,D_(m)随R增强而增大,并在雨强达到一定值后变化有变缓的趋势。层状云降水logNw随R增强变化较快,对流云降水logNw随R增大缓慢。业务雷达默认使用的夏季对流云降水和经典大陆性层状云降水Z-R关系对祁连山区对流云、层状云降水估测值偏低。

基于社会互构论的和谐警民关系构建——兼论新媒体背景下警察网上话语权建设

社会互构论视角下的警民关系构建大致经历“压制性的警民关系”—“契约性的警民关系”—“互构性的警民关系”三个发展阶段。社会转型期的和谐警民关系构建,在互构背景方面承认传统社会向现代社会转型过程中警民利益的对立矛盾,在互构框架方面强化治理体系和治理能力现代化建设中的复合主体作用发挥,在互构平台方面注重建设连通警察与公众的“联结场域”。在新媒体背景下,公安机关和警察队伍面临舆论弱势困境,可通过增强政治引领感召力、政法话题原创力、平台合作影响力、“引关圈粉”吸引力、克难攻坚创新力、网宣铁军战斗力,争取警察网上话语主动权,着力构建“强警察—强民众”的舆论格局。