Analysis English Translation of Chinese Poems' Color Words——Functional Equivalence Theory

The translation of Chinese ancient poems has always been the direction of many translators at home and abroad,and the translation of color words has gradually become the object of study.However,due to the difference between translation theory and perspective,there are many controversial translations.Based on the theory of "functional equivalence" proposed by American translation theorist Eugene Nida,this paper analyzes the concrete translation of Chinese ancient poems,and aims to explore how to translate the color words in ancient poems in the best way,And summed up the specific and practical translation methods.

An Exploratory Study on the Electronic Word of Mouth Communication in Promoting Brands in the Online Platforms

This study discusses on the communication method followed by most of the brands called. “Electronic Word of Mouth” in a short form is called as eWOM in order to reach the customers effectively in a short span. Social media having become a new hybrid component of integrated marketing communication allows the brands to establish strong relationship with the customers. With the establishment of customer relationship online, the brands create a platform for the customers to discuss about the product features, quality, price and write a review about the product online. This research analyses about the social media and its impact in spreading the messages about the brands to the end customers and the impact of gender, age groups, income, designation and the demographic details of the customers in trusting the information that is spread through electronic media and the level at which the eWOM helps the customers to select the brand.

The Common Traits of Good English Poems

What are the essential elements of good poems? Through observation and analysis,it can be said that a good poem has excellentword choice and photographic pictures.A good poem can also provide another way to see the world and contains multiple meanings.Last-ly,generally speaking,a good poem is the outflow of strong inner feelings and can touch the readers heart deeply.

The Study of the Effect of Educational Level of Students and English Language Teachers＇ Awareness on True and False Cognates in Iran

The ability to speak two languages in the non-English-speaking countries is a remarkable achievement. There is a good reason to believe that bilingualism is the norm for the majority of people in the world, because 70% of the earth＇s population are supposed to be bilingual or multilingual. Our purpose of the study was to determine the participants＇ awareness of using true and false cognate words of L 1 （the first language） ＆ L2 （the second language） in learning English. Three hundred and eighty-five selected people from 3,789 statistical population participated in 2014--2015 at three levels of A.D., B.A., and M.A. of Islamic Azad University as well as teachers of English in English educational institutions in Zanjan （Iran）. Each educational level was considered as one category with the total sample calculated by using Kokran Formula, and the amount of each category was determined by using appropriate proportion and randomized categorical sampling method. The participants＇ age was between from 18 to 52, with a mean age of 29 years. The materials were 45 words of true and false cognate＇s words from 500 words by doing CVR （content validity ratio） and CVI （content validity index） （Lawshe＇s table with the index of 88% and 82% respectively） for being reliable and valid. ANOVA （Analysis of variance） was used for studying the effect of educational level on the rate of awareness. In other words, the awareness level has been compared in different educational levels. The results of Dankan test show that： There is no significant difference between the awareness of A.D., B.A., and M.A. levels, but there is a significant difference between the level of awareness of teachers group and the other groups （in true cognate words） and for false cognate words, there is no significant difference between the level of awareness of the four groups in this regard.

An overview of the semantic class of the word groups of the industry terminology in ＂Exploitation of the Works of Nature＂

Since the printing and publication of the first carved edition of＂Exploitation of the Works of Nature＂ in 1637 （the tenth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty）, it has been 380 years of history. It is an encyclopedia describing China＇s ancient agricultural and handicraft technologies, which occupies an important position in the history of the world science and technology, and the author Song Yingxing is praised by the British expert on the world science and technology history Dr. Joseph Needham as the ＂Chinese Diderot＂. This book is of great value in the language and the cultural researches. From the perspective of the linguistics, the technical terminologies on the agriculture, the handicraft and other disciplines in this paper are classified and analyzed from the semantic point of view, so as to provide an empirical reference for the better dissemination of the book and the diachronic study of the Chinese terminologies.

活字与“the living word”的对应理解

Jespersen在其经典之作Philosophy ofGrammar里提到汉语语言学家对动词的另一个称谓,并将其英译为“the living word”。从术语翻译的三大标准来看,并结合对Jespersen相关著作的研读,邓文韬等将此英文表达还原成“活字”显然比“有活力的词”更恰当。但邓文韬将此“活字”与“诗之眼”等同起来却又有失偏颇。通过对“活字”的由来和意义详尽的梳理,可知这个语法术语与诗眼有本质区别,“活字”才是“the living word”的准确对应。

Theory on Chinese Character Derivation

Character derivation means that if a graph represents several meanings, a new graph based on the original one will be created to bear one or two of the meanings, which is a natural law in Chinese writing system. The old graph is called original character, and the new generated one is called derived character. Two kinds of phenomena-derivation of cognate words （同詞孳乳） and differentiation of unidentical words （異詞別異）-promote the derivation of Chinese characters. In return, derived characters not only bear meaning of the original one, but also serve as a symbol of an independent word and consolidate the graph-meaning relationship. It deserves much attention to the law of the process of character derivation.

Sora:从技术哲学到文艺学的思考(笔谈)

哲学学者吴冠军从技术哲学的视角提出:从ChatGPT、DALL·E到Sora,基于转化器的AIGC大模型并不只改变了内容创作,还改变了“世界”在最字面上的意义。世界化成的过程,越来越多被以有损压缩-重新生成为发生学机制的AIGC之创造性活动所介入,这就导致“宇宙”(我们眼里的“物理宇宙”)与“元宇宙”不断深层次地叠加,“自然进程”与“人工创造”不断深层次地交织以至进入无可区分之域。这就意味着,我们所熟悉的那个“世界”,将一去不复返:当AIGC已“深”到参与世界化成本身之中时,讨论“深伪”将越来越没有意义。文艺学学者赵宪章则从“语图关系学”的视角提出:Sora的横空出世及其未来演进,不仅不是图像时代符号危机的解除,更不是语图关系研究的终结。恰恰相反,Sora加深了这一危机,语图关系研究也延宕出新的面向。

主题方面共享的领域主题层次模型

层次主题模型是构建主题层次的重要工具.现有的层次主题模型大多通过在主题模型中引入nCRP构造方法,为文档主题提供树形结构的先验分布,但无法生成具有明确领域涵义的主题层次结构,即领域主题层次.同时,领域主题不仅存在层次关系,而且不同父主题下的子主题之间还存在子领域方面共享的关联关系,在现有主题关系研究中没有合适的模型来生成这种领域主题层次.为了从领域文本中自动、有效地挖掘出领域主题的层次关系和关联关系,在4个方面进行创新研究.首先,通过主题共享机制改进nCRP构造方法,提出nCRP+层次构造方法,为主题模型中的主题提供具有分层主题方面共享的树形先验分布;其次,结合nCRP+和HDP模型构建重分层的Dirichlet过程,提出rHDP(reallocated hierarchical Dirichlet processes)层次主题模型;第三,结合领域分类信息、词语语义和主题词的领域代表性,定义领域知识,包括基于投票机制的领域隶属度、词语与领域主题的语义相关度和层次化的主题-词语贡献度;最后,通过领域知识改进rHDP主题模型中领域主题和主题词的分配过程,提出结合领域知识的层次主题模型rHDP_DK(rHDP with domain knowledge),并改进采样过程.实验结果表明,基于nCRP+的层次主题模型在评价指标方面均优于基于nCRP的层次主题模型(hLDA,nHDP)和神经主题模型(TSNTM);通过rHDP_DK模型生成的主题层次结构具有领域主题层次清晰、关联子主题的主题词领域差异明确的特点.此外,该模型将为领域主题层次提供一个通用的自动挖掘框架.

杜甫诗歌善用“细”字的语言艺术

杜甫在炼字遣词方面对“细”字甚为钟情。诗中的“细”景建构起杜诗自然之维中独特的意象语言;同时,杜甫也擅长以“细”为标志语词缀织寻常事象,把羁旅生涯中的琐细情事与场景通过凸显细节的方式化入诗中,汇成了笔法细微而情意浓厚的艺术特征。杜诗因“细”而生的描写语言在诗性语言成熟的背景下呈现出个性魅力,深悉物情、体物活泼的笔法独具姿彩,而其宏微互映、大小兼涵的层叠意象结构也显示出更富表现张力及情感底蕴的诗体意境。

基于深度字词融合的小麦种质信息实体关系联合抽取

为获得结构化的小麦品种表型和遗传描述,针对非结构化小麦种质数据中存在的实体边界模糊以及关系重叠问题,提出一种基于深度字词融合的小麦种质信息实体关系联合抽取模型WGIE-DCWF(wheat germplasm information extraction model based on deep character and word fusion)。模型编码层通过深度字词融合和上下文语义特征融合,提高密集实体特征识别能力;模型三元组抽取层建立层叠指针网络,提高重叠关系的提取能力。在小麦种质数据集和公开数据集上的一系列对比实验结果表明,WGIE-DCWF模型能够有效提高小麦种质数据实体关系联合抽取效果,同时拥有较好的泛化性,可以为小麦种质信息知识库构建提供技术支撑。

论苏轼润州诗与乾隆南巡镇江唱和苏轼诗

乾隆六次南巡都曾在镇江停留,每次都留下与苏轼有关的诗词。从乾隆唱和苏轼润州诗可以看出,乾隆对苏轼以及苏轼诗歌的了解与推崇,就此可一窥苏轼在清代的巨大影响。研究苏轼润州诗与乾隆唱和苏轼诗的相互关系,可进一步拓展苏轼研究,对促进镇江历史文化名城建设也具有积极的现实意义。

基于卷积神经网络的医疗护理实体关系抽取

针对医疗护理领域知识复杂性强、数据量大以及对准确度要求较高的问题,该研究提出一种基于卷积神经网络的医疗护理学实体关系抽取方法,实现对护理学语义关系的细粒度文本挖掘。该研究构建了医疗护理学语料标注系统,通过将医疗语料转化为向量特征矩阵,实现了对医疗语料的自动过滤和标注。通过向神经网络模型嵌入所构建的医疗关系语料库,一定程度上提高了模型疾病分类的准确度。在医疗护理学数据集上的实验表明,基于卷积神经网络的模型在指标精确度、召回率、F1值可达到89.78%、87.59%、89.77%。综上所述,该研究提出的基于卷积神经网络的医疗护理学实体关系抽取方法能够有效地抽取医疗语料数据中的实体关系,优于传统的实体关系抽取模型。

义必明雅 辞必巧丽——台湾骚体赋论

台湾骚体赋自清代以降一直是重要的文学课题。台湾赋的整理校注工作始自2005年由许俊雅、吴福助主持编纂的《全台赋》。该书承续传统赋作形式,多记台湾形胜地景、自然生态与历史文化。53篇骚体赋应用“兮”字,间有赋中系诗。赋末乱辞亦沿《楚辞》之“歌曰”“辞曰”“和曰”,有简约全篇、收尾之用。《全台赋》作者或为仕台官员或居台文人,其中少数作者具有编纂方志的经验。《全台赋》展现了他们深厚的文化底蕴以及惊采绝艳的视角,涵濡之深可见骚学之递嬗与创新。

苏轼诗词书法作品接受中的语图关系变化

欣赏诗词书法作品可以欣赏书法艺术,也可以识读诗词内容,接受过程中表现出语图关系的变化。大多数接受者对苏轼诗词书法作品的欣赏分为三个过程:首先被书法书像所吸引,进入图像欣赏中,沉醉于视觉效果;其次对所书诗词内容进行识读,了解所写诗词的内容;再次将两者放在一起去欣赏,书法与诗歌在迭代中达到更高的融合,欣赏者获得双重的审美享受。

《说文解字》的“字用”思想发微

《说文解字》(简称《说文》)通常被看作“形”书,其说解汉字的方法及对汉字的具体解析得到学史肯定。本文认为,《说文》还有重要的字用学价值,其“字用”思想可以从《说文·叙》和《说文》正文对字的解释两个方面考察。在《说文·叙》中,许慎揭示了“假借”之“依声托事”的用字实质;用“古文”泛指古代文字,表面上是字体概念,实际上指的是古文字的结构和古文献中的用字;许慎对文字的定义和文字功能的表述体现了职用实质;许慎对时人谬解文字的批评,对《说文》编撰目的和编撰原则的说明也都是从文字使用角度表述的。《说文》正文对每个字的解说首重意义,形体分析只是对意义的印证;《说文》解说中常用“古文以为某”来揭示古代不同于汉代的用字现象;《说文》的“重文”如“古文作某”“某古文”等也是就字的功能而言;“一曰”的说解则反映了同字异用现象;《说文》还常引用书例来证明字义。这些都说明《说文》从服务解读经书的目的出发,非常重视汉字的使用功能,多方面揭示了汉语字词的各种关系。

基于语义层级细粒度的海量文献标引研究

[目的/意义]信息资源爆炸式增长使科技文献知识的组织趋于自动化,文献自动标引是组织构建科技文献数字资源的基础和关键。针对目前科技文献自动标引语义粒度不够精准以及难以适应大规模海量文献标引的问题,提出了基于语义层级细粒度的自动标引方法。[方法/过程]在传统知识组织自动标引方法的基础上,对知识组织工具中的语义资源进行深入挖掘,借助知识组织中概念间的语义层级结构对概念信息进行语义扩展,并设计基于语义层级细粒度的概念遴选方法以解决传统方法标引效率过低的问题,从而实现对大规模文献的概念高效标引。[结果/结论]实验结果表明,文章所提出的方法较好地实现了概念表示效果,有效降低了不相关概念在标引结果中出现的几率,并且在提高了标引结果文献相关性的同时大大减少了标引所需的时间,实现了知识组织工具在自动标引领域更深层次的利用,为科技文献数字资源的挖掘计算提供有价值的参考和支持。

Applying a Context-based Method to Build a Knowledge Graph for the Blue Amazon

Knowledge graphs are employed in several tasks,such as question answering and recommendation systems,due to their ability to represent relationships between concepts.Automatically constructing such a graphs,however,remains an unresolved challenge within knowledge representation.To tackle this challenge,we propose CtxKG,a method specifically aimed at extracting knowledge graphs in a context of limited resources in which the only input is a set of unstructured text documents.CtxKG is based on OpenIE(a relationship triple extraction method)and BERT(a language model)and contains four stages:the extraction of relationship triples directly from text;the identification of synonyms across triples;the merging of similar entities;and the building of bridges between knowledge graphs of different documents.Our method distinguishes itself from those in the current literature(i)through its use of the parse tree to avoid the overlapping entities produced by base implementations of OpenIE;and(ii)through its bridges,which create a connected network of graphs,overcoming a limitation similar methods have of one isolated graph per document.We compare our method to two others by generating graphs for movie articles from Wikipedia and contrasting them with benchmark graphs built from the OMDb movie database.Our results suggest that our method is able to improve multiple aspects of knowledge graph construction.They also highlight the critical role that triple identification and named-entity recognition have in improving the quality of automatically generated graphs,suggesting future paths for investigation.Finally,we apply CtxKG to build BlabKG,a knowledge graph for the Blue Amazon,and discuss possible improvements.

最近对寻址的专利实体关系抽取方法

针对专利领域没有公开数据集的问题,标注一个中文专利实体关系抽取数据集PERD(patent entity relation dataset)。为完成实体关系抽取任务,提出最近对寻址的实体关系抽取模型NPAM(nearest pair addressing entity relationship extraction model),实体位置信息获取方法的改进、注意力机制建模矩阵和实体抽取方法的创新,使该模型在PERD上F1值达到72.74%,相比模型PRGC提升12.64个百分点。实验结果验证了该模型的有效性。

徐锴字词关系思想研究

徐锴《说文解字系传》在字词关系研究方面有许多独到之处,具体包括:1.把“词”界定为语气助词并阐释其功能;2.首次把“六书”分为三耦;3.从逻辑上阐释“六书”的排序理据;4.以新颖的视角阐释“六书”每一“书”的内涵;5.以按语形式补充说明某些字相关职能的其他用字,并阐释其字词关系变化;6.揭示词义的系统性。徐锴这些独到见解在字词关系研究史上具有重要意义,有力推动了汉字学理论的发展。