This research presents an experimental and analytical study of the structural state of the 60/40 brass cartridge case, (BCC) after being fired. The oral section of the BCC has the function of confining the gases of fi...This research presents an experimental and analytical study of the structural state of the 60/40 brass cartridge case, (BCC) after being fired. The oral section of the BCC has the function of confining the gases of firing by expanding against the chamber and sealing the gases. Firing conditions, namely, high pressure and temperature, 3000 bar and 2727°C, respectively, affect performance properties of the (BCC). These are confining and crack strengths. Experimental study was done on the oral section to address these effects on the structural and mechanical properties of this brass. This alloy is a 60% copper (Cu) and 40% zinc (Zn) alloy and has a two-phase structure, alpha, (α) and beta, (β). Using “before and after” comparison approach;performance properties were tested in cartridge cases prepared before and after firing. These properties are hardness, tensile strength, micro-structural and chemical composition. Comparing the tests’ results, after firing demonstrated considerable degrading in performance properties, micro-structural disorder and a remarkable deficiency in the zinc element in the brass structure. This deficiency affects the percentage of beta phase in the alloy which governs the strength of the brass. According to the required properties before firing, it was found that after firing, the brass cartridge case is not qualified for reloading.展开更多
In this work,the modified Ghost Fluid Method is further developed to ap-ply to compressible fluid coupled to deformable structure,where the pressure in the structure or flow can vary from an initial extremely high mag...In this work,the modified Ghost Fluid Method is further developed to ap-ply to compressible fluid coupled to deformable structure,where the pressure in the structure or flow can vary from an initial extremely high magnitude(such that the solid medium can be under plastic compression)to a subsequently very low quantity(so that cavitation can occur in the fluid).New techniques are also developed in the definition of the ghost fluid status when the structure is under plastic deformation or when the flow is under cavitation next to the structure.Numerical results show that the improved MGFM for treatment of the fluid-deformable structure coupling works efficiently for all pressure ranges and is capable of simulating cavitation evolution and cavitation re-loading in conjunction with the employment of the isentropic one-fluid cavitation model.展开更多
We use an actuarial approach to estimate the valuation of the reload option for a non-tradable risk asset under the jump-diffusion processes and Hull-White interest rate. We verify the validity of the actuarial approa...We use an actuarial approach to estimate the valuation of the reload option for a non-tradable risk asset under the jump-diffusion processes and Hull-White interest rate. We verify the validity of the actuarial approach to the European vanilla option for non-tradable assets. The formulas of the actuarial approach to the reload option are derived from the fair premium principle and the obtained results are arbitrage. Numerical experiments are conducted to analyze the effects of different parameters on the results of valuation as well as their differences from those obtained by the no-arbitrage approach. Finally, we give the valuations of the reload options under different parameters.展开更多
文摘This research presents an experimental and analytical study of the structural state of the 60/40 brass cartridge case, (BCC) after being fired. The oral section of the BCC has the function of confining the gases of firing by expanding against the chamber and sealing the gases. Firing conditions, namely, high pressure and temperature, 3000 bar and 2727°C, respectively, affect performance properties of the (BCC). These are confining and crack strengths. Experimental study was done on the oral section to address these effects on the structural and mechanical properties of this brass. This alloy is a 60% copper (Cu) and 40% zinc (Zn) alloy and has a two-phase structure, alpha, (α) and beta, (β). Using “before and after” comparison approach;performance properties were tested in cartridge cases prepared before and after firing. These properties are hardness, tensile strength, micro-structural and chemical composition. Comparing the tests’ results, after firing demonstrated considerable degrading in performance properties, micro-structural disorder and a remarkable deficiency in the zinc element in the brass structure. This deficiency affects the percentage of beta phase in the alloy which governs the strength of the brass. According to the required properties before firing, it was found that after firing, the brass cartridge case is not qualified for reloading.
文摘In this work,the modified Ghost Fluid Method is further developed to ap-ply to compressible fluid coupled to deformable structure,where the pressure in the structure or flow can vary from an initial extremely high magnitude(such that the solid medium can be under plastic compression)to a subsequently very low quantity(so that cavitation can occur in the fluid).New techniques are also developed in the definition of the ghost fluid status when the structure is under plastic deformation or when the flow is under cavitation next to the structure.Numerical results show that the improved MGFM for treatment of the fluid-deformable structure coupling works efficiently for all pressure ranges and is capable of simulating cavitation evolution and cavitation re-loading in conjunction with the employment of the isentropic one-fluid cavitation model.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11571365,11171349)
文摘We use an actuarial approach to estimate the valuation of the reload option for a non-tradable risk asset under the jump-diffusion processes and Hull-White interest rate. We verify the validity of the actuarial approach to the European vanilla option for non-tradable assets. The formulas of the actuarial approach to the reload option are derived from the fair premium principle and the obtained results are arbitrage. Numerical experiments are conducted to analyze the effects of different parameters on the results of valuation as well as their differences from those obtained by the no-arbitrage approach. Finally, we give the valuations of the reload options under different parameters.
