Quality evaluation of land reclamation in mining area based on remote sensing

Several deficiencies exist in the present evaluation of land reclamation quality in mining areas.These include the absence of an established set of evaluation index systems and standard acceptance criteria,as well as the use of traditional sam-pling techniques,which are costly and in eficiency,and time-consuming.Compared with the traditional sampling survey methods,remote sensing has the advantages of a wide detection range,diverse information collection,multiple data-acquiring strategies,high speed,and short cycle.In this study,we used the Xinzhuang coal mining field in Yongcheng,Henan Province as an example to extract information and invert surface parameters using remote sensing techniques,based on national and local reclamation regulations and standards.Subsequently,using remote sensing,we constructed an index system for evaluating land reclamation quality in three aspects:reclaiming project quality,soil quality,and ecological benefits.Through the grading standards of evaluation indicators and quantitative remote sensing models,we determined the extracted information on the area of indicators,roads,ditches,soil moisture,organic matter,and ecological benefits after reclamation.Based on this,we established a quality evaluation model for mining land reclamation using an improved index and method.The evaluation units were divided,and the weight of the evaluation index was determined using the analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis(AHP-DEA)method.The land reclamation quality in the study area was comprehensively evaluated,field accuracy was verified,and the results were analyzed.The results show that,except for the removal of roads,houses,and fishponds in the study area,all 13 evaluation units achieved a score of 60 points or higher.The quality of reclamation met the standards,and the evaluation results were consistent with the conclusions of the field investigation and project acceptance report,demonstrating the reliability and feasibility of the method developed in this study.The research results will provide technical support for the scientific evaluation of land reclamation quality.

Evaluation of the International Vehicle Emission (IVE) model with on-road remote sensing measurements

Intemational Vehicle Emissions （IVE） model funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA） is designed to estimate emissions from motor vehicles in developing countries. In this study, the IVE model was evaluated by utilizing a dataset available from the remote sensing measurements on a large number of vehicles at five different sites in Hangzhou, China, in 2004 and 2005. Average fuel-based emission factors derived from the remote sensing measurements were compared with corresponding emission factors derived from IVE calculations for urban, hot stabilized condition. The results show a good agreement between the two methods for gasoline passenger cars＇ HC emission for all 1VE subsectors and technology classes. In the case of CO emissions, the modeled results were reasonably good, although systematically underestimate the emissions by almost 12%-50% for different technology classes. However, the model totally overestimated NOx emissions. The IVE NOx emission factors were 1.5-3.5 times of the remote sensing measured ones. The IVE model was also evaluated for light duty gasoline truck, heavy duty gasoline vehicles and motor cycles. A notable result was observed that the decrease in emissions from technology class State II to State I were overestimated by the IVE model compared to remote sensing measurements for all the three pollutants. Finally, in order to improve emission estimation, the adjusted base emission factors from local studies are strongly recommended to be used in the IVE model.

Integrated Evaluation of Ecological Security at Different Scales Using Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Zhongxian County, the Three Gorges Area, China

Based on related literature and this research, an ecological security evaluation from the pixel scale to the small watershed or county scale was presented using remote sensing data and related models. With the driver-pressure, state and exposure to pollution-response （DPSER） model as a basis, a conceptual framework of regional ecological evaluation and an index system were established. The extraction and standardization of evaluation indices were carried out with GIS techniques, an information extraction model and a data standardization model. The conversion of regional ecological security results from the pixel scale to a small watershed or county scale was obtained with an evaluation model and a scaling model. Two conceptual scale conversion models of regional ecological security from the pixel scale to the county scale were proposed： 1） scale conversion of ecological security regime results from plxel to small watershed; and 2） scale conversion from pixel to county. These research results could provide useful ideas for regional ecological security evaluation as well as ecological and environmental management.

Establishing evaluation index system for desertification of Keerqin sandy land with remote sensing data

Keerqin sand land is located in the transitional terrain between the Northeast Plain and Inner Mongolia （42°41′-45°15′N, 118°35′-123°30′ E） in Northeast China and it is seriously affected by desertification. According to the configuration and ecotope of the earths surface, the coverage of vegetation, occupation ratio of bare sandy land and the soil texture were selected as evaluation indexes by using the field investigation data. The evaluation index system of Keerqin sandy desertification was established by using Remote Sensing data. and the occupation ratio of bare sandy land was obtained by mixed spectrum model. This index system is validated by the field investioation data and results indicate that it is suitable for the desertification evaluation of Keerqin.Foundation Item： This study is supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30371192）

Integrated Evaluation Model for Eco-Environmental Quality in Mountainous Region Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Based on Remote Sensing （RS）, Geographic Information System （GIS）, and combining Principal Component Analysis, this paper designed a numerical integrated evaluation model for mountain eco-environment on the base of grid scale. Using this model, we evaluated the mountain eco-environmental quality in a case study area-the upper reaches of Minjiang River, and achieved a good result, which accorded well with the real condition. The study indicates that, the integrated evaluation model is suitable for multi-layer spatial factor computation, effectively lowing man＇s subjective influence in the evaluation process; treating the whole river basin as a system, the model shows full respect to the circulation of material and energy, synthetically embodies the determining impact of such natural condition as water-heat and landform, as well as human interference in natural eco-system; the evaluation result not only clearly presents mountainous vertical distribution features of input factors, but also provides a scientific and reliable thought for quantitatively evaluating mountain eco-environment.

REMOTE SENEING APPLICATION IN COUNTY-LEVEL LAND CLASSIFICATION AND LAND EVALUATION IN ARID AND SEMI-ARID ZONES——SHENMU COUNTY,SHAANXI PROVINCE AS A CASE STUDY

1. Backgrounds Land classification and evaluation are necessary foundments for county-level deci-sions of land use planning and economic development. On the bases of physical conditions,the targets of land classification and land evaluation adhere to particular principles andmethodologies are to find out the quality, quantity and spatial distribution regularities of re-gional structure of land, and to obtain relevant information of land suitabilities and

月尺度IMERG降水产品在广西的精度评估

为评估月尺度IMERG(V06)降水产品在广西地区的精度,将广西划为少雨区(年均降水量≤1 300 mm,Ⅰ区)、中雨区(年均降水量>1 300~1 700 mm,Ⅱ区)、多雨区(年均降水量>1 700 mm,Ⅲ区)3个区域,以91个观测站2001—2020年逐月降水量为参考,采用相关系数(correlation coefficient,CC)、均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)和相对偏差(relative error,RE)3个定量指标,从不同空间尺度、时间尺度、降水量区间等维度分析Early、Late、Final系列产品的精度特征。结果发现:1)Early、Late产品精度特征相似,整体上低估降水;而Final产品整体高估降水。2)降水量增加引起各系列产品CC下降、RMSE上升、RE下降;Early、Late、Final产品对月降水量估测的偏差阈值分别为271、272和351 mm,实测月降水量低于该阈值时被高估,反之则被低估。3)IMERG产品在降水量多的区域相关性更强,离散度更高,在Ⅰ、Ⅱ区表现为高估,在Ⅲ区表现为低估。4)产品精度在降水较少的旱季和旱年更高;Early、Late产品在秋季表现相对较好,但有较明显的低估;Final产品在冬季表现最佳。5)年际间,Final产品精度有下降趋势,Early、Late产品估测偏差愈发趋向高估。综上所述,广西地区月尺度IMERG产品精度受降水量影响显著,在不同地区、不同时段存在较大差异,应用时需针对具体区域、时间评估其精度局限性。

宜昌地基遥感垂直观测系统探测精度分析研究

宜昌地基遥感垂直观测系统能够实时监测本区域上空云、雾、弱降水、风速、风向、温度、相对湿度、液态含水量垂直廓线、气溶胶浓度等探测要素,增强突发性、灾害性天气监测能力.该文针对宜昌地基遥感垂直观测系统探测数据的准确性评估问题,提出了一种观测要素评估方法.方法使用了同址探空站的观测资料作为参考标准,通过对比时空匹配的垂直探测数据,分析宜昌垂直观测系统各类探测数据的准确性.通过该系统的垂直廓线产品联合观测2024年2月宜昌雨雪冰冻灾害天气过程,进行多条垂直廓线融合应用研究.定量分析结果表明:宜昌地基遥感垂直观测系统的数据质量全部满足评估指标要求,探测数据与探空资料相关性总体较好,可为气象监测提供精密的观测数据.

湖南省地表高温遥感评估指标构建和特征分析

基于长时序遥感产品构建地表高温评估指标,分析湖南省近20 a地表高温分布特征,可为农业生产和防灾减灾提供技术参考。首先利用2002—2021年的MYD11A1、MYD13A1、MYD09GA长时序数据回归计算日地表高温数据集,然后基于百分比法、百分位法和趋势比率法构建地表高温遥感评估指标,并分析其时空分布特征。结果表明,使用日地表温度大于等于45℃面积占比作为日尺度的地表高温等级阈值划分指标与气象预警指标一致性最好,湖南省地表高温年最大值以2013年为转折点增加显著;基于百分位法确定的湖南省年尺度的地表高温极端阈值(40.2~64.1℃),可作为高温强度的评价指标;利用湖南省地表高温趋势率来评价湖南省地表高温年增减趋势具有较好的应用价值,长株潭城市群和洞庭湖区的快速增温、衡邵干旱走廊的极端高温需要重点关注。

无人机低空遥感结合YOLOv7快速评估水稻穗颈瘟抗性

为解决传统水稻稻瘟病抗性评估手段单一、效率低的问题,该研究提出一种无人机低空遥感技术结合YOLOv7模型的水稻穗颈瘟抗性鉴定方法。首先,将标注区域分割成小尺寸图像(≤1 240×1 240像素),将小尺寸图像进行旋转、缩放、平移、剪切和改变对比度处理。经数据清洗,去除分辨率过低的图像,扩充样本数量,以提高数据多样性。然后,将压缩注意力机制(squeeze-excitation attention)和可变形卷积(deformable convolution)引入YOLOv7模型,自适应调整感受野,以提升捕捉穗颈瘟病斑细粒度特征的能力。最后,构建穗颈瘟检测的YOLOv7_Neckblast模型。研究结果表明,YOLOv7_Neckblast能够有效检测穗颈瘟,计算出15个品种的穗颈瘟发病率和病害等级(1、3、5、7和9级的水稻品种分别有4、4、3、2和2个)。在交并比阈值为0.5时,YOLOv7_Neckblast平均精度均值相较于YOLOv7、FCOS和RetinaNet分别提升了4.0、6.4和5.8个百分点,召回率和F1值分别提高了至少4.0和4.0个百分点,且浮点计算数和参数量最低。与育种专家判定的实际抗性水平相比,YOLOv7_Neckblast模型对15个水稻品种的穗颈瘟抗性水平的平均评估准确率为86.67%,能较好地实现不同水稻品种穗颈瘟抗性的区分。无人机低空遥感融合人工智能技术可用于水稻黄熟期育种中穗颈瘟抗性的评估,也可为其他作物优势品种的选育提供参考。

重金属污染水体背景下的底质反射率光谱特征及其对离水反射率贡献影响分析

水体重金属遥感反演是水环境遥感领域中的难题,目前仍有相当多的基础性问题有待解决,而浅水区底质对离水反射率贡献规律是将来遥感反演模型精度其中一个重要影响因素,尤其在重金属污染这种特殊的背景下,揭示其贡献规律对提升水体重金属遥感模型精度有重要作用,测量结果对研究重金属尾矿底泥的反射率光谱特征以及区分常见水底底质有参考意义。首先利用光谱仪测量获得广东大宝山尾矿底质反射率,发现其在波长755、 1 280、 1 620和2 200 nm存在反射峰,有明显光谱特征,并与河床常见的粗沙、淤泥和石头三类底质反射率进行了对比分析,结果表明:一方面,粗沙和淤泥反射率呈一缓慢上升的曲线,与存在多个特征反射峰的矿区底泥有明显区别;另一方面,石头反射率则在波长范围550~650 nm出现一个宽而扁平的反射峰后随即在波长675 nm处出现波谷然后增大至波长750 nm后趋于平缓,其特征波长与矿区底泥均不一样。上述特征波长可作为重金属污染背景下底泥光谱的重要区分波段。测量水深为1 cm、 10 cm和深水区的离水反射率,结合水质遥感模型计算出1 cm水深情况下底质反射光、水体散射光,并将其对离水反射率贡献进行讨论。离水反射率测量结果表明,底质对浅水区影响极大,随着水深变浅,离水反射率总体不断被抬升。而水底反射光和水体散射光对离水反射率贡献规律则以波长515 nm为分界线,向短波方向以水体散射光贡献为主,向长波方向则以水底反射光为主,贡献量由底质反射能力和水体散射能力共同决定。对考虑了底质反射光后的遥感模型精度进行评价,模型计算得到波长范围350~950 nm内的离水反射率与野外测量值对比结果,二者具有显著的线性相关(R^(2)=0.964 2),相对误差在波长范围560~830 nm低于10%,甚者可低于5%,模型总体模拟精度较好,远比在不考虑底质影响时精度高,模型满足将来水中重金属遥感反演要求。研究结果对今后水体重金属遥感反演时处理底质影响提供了重要的参考数据和理论依据,有助推动该领域进一步发展。

阿尔金地区“天空地深”一体化找矿勘查评价体系应用实践——以阿亚克-瓦石峡南为例

阿尔金地区属中高山地形,地势陡峭,海拔一般在2 000 m以上,比高大于300 m。高山区切割较深,地表基本无植被,基岩裸露较好。长期以来,因极端恶劣的交通条件,矿产勘查开发受到严重制约。新一轮找矿突破行动主攻昆仑-阿尔金,对高寒山区、工作空白区探索绿色、低成本、高效率的勘查评价技术方法势在必行,在此背景下逐渐形成适应阿尔金地区“天空地深”一体化找矿勘查评价体系[1]。该体系中“天”指遥感技术应用,即采用高清卫片结合谷歌地图等影像资料识别解译伟晶岩脉,圈定伟晶岩脉集中分布区域;“空”指无人机技术应用,即采用航空摄影及三维建模对地表伟晶岩延伸情况进行圈定;“地”指地面传统找矿手段应用,即采用路线地质调查、填图、槽探及采样分析等手段对无人机圈定的伟晶岩脉进行地面查证,圈定含矿伟晶岩脉;“深”指深部钻探手段应用,即采用便携式钻机了解含矿伟晶岩脉深部延伸及品位变化情况。该体系的应用可精准锁定找矿靶区,圈定矿(化)体,对矿区进行勘查评价,极大提高了找矿勘查效率,缩短找矿周期,在地形切割强烈的阿尔金地区值得广泛运用。

遥感和地面调查相结合的洪涝农作物灾情评估研究

农作物种植结构和空间分布情况是洪涝灾害农作物损失估算的基础,为满足洪涝灾害灾情农作物损失快速评估的精度要求,亟须构建一种将遥感技术与地面调查相结合的农作物实时调查和灾情评估方法。以2021年河南省暴雨洪涝灾害为例,综合利用卫星遥感数据与实地调研获取的真实地物样本数据,开展河南新乡卫辉市农作物精细分类研究,结合基于遥感数据得到的洪水淹没历时演算结果,对卫辉市此次洪涝灾害事件农作物受灾情况进行评估。结果表明:卫辉市洪涝灾害类型主要为河流高水位入侵洪水和地势低洼地区内涝滞水,洪水淹没历时集中在30 d以内,最大淹没面积98.62 km~2,出现在7月31日;受灾地物类型为主要农作物玉米、道路周边的绿化林地以及卫辉市城区;提出的基于多源遥感数据和真实地物样本的洪涝农作物灾情评估方法具有较高的精度和时效性。

页岩多尺度数字岩心及其应用

构建能完备表征岩石多尺度孔隙(缝)及基质结构的数字岩心是非常规油气研究领域的科技前沿问题,也是页岩油气勘探开发的重要基础。文章综合分析了国内外在表征页岩有机孔隙簇、多尺度孔(缝)结构和代表性单元体(REV)三个方面的研究进展,在分析四川盆地海相页岩结构特征的基础之上,提出了可完备表征其孔隙(缝)和基质结构的新方法.最后,将页岩数字岩心应用到多尺度孔(缝)结构对声学特性的影响和原位地层含气量评估方面,为页岩储层评价和甜点预测提供了新的技术方法.

对象级时空融合模型在NDVI和LST的应用分析—以大理地区为例

过去几十年中,时空融合技术为实现长时间序列观测提供了一种经济高效的方法,但此类方法对结构信息的保留能力较弱,同时计算的效率也比较低。该研究对比分析主流时空融合方法与对象级(Object Level,OL)时空融合方法,在归一化植被指数(NDVI)和地表温度(LST)的融合效果和融合效率的差异。文章以大理地区作为研究区,使用9种时空融合方法对Landsat和MODIS数据做融合处理,通过目视判别和统计分析,评估其在时空模拟效果和计算效率上的差异。实验表明:1)OL-FSDAF2.0(Object Level-Flexible Spatiotemporal Data Fusion 2.0)相较于其他时空融合方法更好地恢复了地表真实信息和结构信息;2)对象级时空融合方法在计算效率方面比其余像素级时空融合方法提高20.70倍;3)对象级时空融合方法对地物时间动态特征细节的捕捉能力均比像素级时空融合方法高。总的来说,对象级时空融合方法具有较高的计算效率和更精确的融合效果,其中,OL-FSDAF2.0在复杂地表区域与模拟地表覆盖动态变化中表现较好。

卡霍夫卡溃坝造成的下游灾情评估

2023年6月6日凌晨乌克兰赫尔松州卡霍夫卡水电站大坝被炸毁。该大坝坐落于第聂伯河下游,上游约有18亿m3水库蓄水,下游有60多个村镇、数10万居民,溃坝洪水对下游产生了巨大影响。基于Sentinel-1遥感影像,利用双极化水体指数与最大类间方差法(OTSU)提取了第聂伯河下游区域受灾前后的水域分布情况;通过对比分析溃坝前后一周内的情况提取受灾区域,结合地物分类数据和交通矢量数据,综合评估了部分重要地物的受灾情况,约170.72 km2的农田、5.14 km2的建筑被淹没,16.63%的道路存在不同程度的淹没情况。

基于RSEI的交通枢纽城市生态环境质量动态评价——以郑州市为例

选取交通枢纽典型城市郑州市为研究区,以长时间序列Landsat系列遥感影像为数据源,通过构建遥感生态指数(remote sensing based ecological index,RSEI),对郑州市生态环境质量进行动态监测与评价.结果表明:近20 a郑州市生态环境质量得到明显改善,RSEI值由2000年的0.356上升至2020年的0.428,地表湿度和热量是主要影响因素.从空间重心转移来看,RSEI指标良、优等级重心向西北方向移动,逐渐靠近火车站、高铁站、飞机场等重要交通枢纽节点,说明郑州市交通枢纽城市建设和生态保护高质量统筹发展,促进了当地生态环境质量进一步提高.

2000—2021年锡林郭勒草原生态环境质量变化及其驱动因素

[目的]对内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟草原生境质量动态变化及其影响因素进行研究,为该地区生态环境保护政策的制定和高质量发展提供科学理论依据。[方法]利用Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台和MODIS数据构建生态遥感指数(RSEI)评价研究区的生境质量,并运用Moran指数和地理探测器分析遥感生态指数(RSEI)的空间异质性和影响因素。[结果]①2000—2021年研究区的生境质量经历了先恶化后改善的过程。生态环境得到了较大程度的改善,中部的典型草原和东部的草甸草原生境质量较好,而西部的荒漠草原区生境质量较差。②5个年份的全局莫兰指数(global Moran’s I)均大于0.935,表明研究区内RSEI的空间分布呈高度正相关,主要呈现高高和低低聚类分布。③地理探测器结果显示,绿度是影响RSEI的主要因素,模型因子与自然因子之间的交互作用最为显著,其次是模型因子与社会经济因子的耦合。[结论]锡林郭勒盟东部的生境质量高值区应继续加强对生态环境的保护力度,西部的生境质量低值区要注重对荒漠草原的修复与治理,遏制沙漠向东扩张。

基于卫星遥感的铁路灾害监测与评估应用研究

利用卫星遥感技术开展铁路灾害监测与评估,对于保障铁路建设和运行安全、提升铁路防灾减灾救灾能力具有重要意义。通过分析当前铁路灾害卫星遥感应用存在的问题,结合中国卫星遥感发展和新时代应急管理工作实际,探讨了卫星遥感技术在铁路减灾、备灾、应急和恢复重建等灾害管理全过程中的实践应用需求。针对影响铁路安全的主要灾害,分析总结了卫星遥感监测与评估技术在铁路应急管理中的应用方法和应用能力。针对洪涝、地质、森林火灾和雪灾等典型灾害实例,建立卫星遥感监测评估铁路灾害的技术流程,进一步分析卫星遥感对于铁路灾害应急管理的作用效果。结果表明:卫星遥感技术能够实现铁路主要灾害的灾前风险监测和灾后损失评估,可有效支撑铁路的全过程灾害管理。通过多手段的融合运用和动态监测能提升遥感信息的决策支持作用,使其在铁路灾害的应急管理中有着广阔的应用前景。

基于遥感技术的矿山煤火燃烧风险评价

为了利用遥感技术研究矿山煤火燃烧风险与燃烧特征,以新疆五宫煤矿为研究区,利用国产高分6#卫星影像对五宫煤矿地面塌陷、煤岩裂隙等地质灾害进行解译,结合无人机热红外数据进行煤火燃烧评价因子的选取,采用层次分析法对评价因子进行权重赋值,使用空间分析、阈值分割方法进行煤火燃烧风险等级划分,结合实地调查,对火区成因、特征进行分析。结果表明:矿区存在5处煤火燃烧高风险区,其走向与含煤地层、井下开采走向一致。煤矿煤火燃烧特征有3种:露天开采引起的煤层燃烧,地质条件复杂,治理难度大;煤矸石堆热量积聚引起的煤火燃烧治理较容易,建议清除煤矸石后,做必要的防护措施;治理后煤层复燃引起的煤火燃烧,由于复燃原因复杂,建议进一步勘查再进行灭火治理。通过对矿山煤火风险性与燃烧类型进行研究,可以为矿山灭火治理和生态修复提供服务。