Background Medical ozone therapy system was reported to have certain effects on the treatment of severe hepatitis, but its mechanism is not very clear. One of the causes of death of severe hepatitis is complication of...Background Medical ozone therapy system was reported to have certain effects on the treatment of severe hepatitis, but its mechanism is not very clear. One of the causes of death of severe hepatitis is complication of renal damage or hepatorenal syndrome. The present study aimed to observe effects of medical ozone therapy system on plasma renin activity （PRA）, angiotensin II （All）, aldosterone （ALD）, renal blood flow and renal function of patients with chronic severe hepatitis and explore mechanisms of medical ozone therapy in the treatment of severe hepatitis. Methods Eighty-five cases with chronic severe hepatitis were randomly divided into ozone therapy group （43 cases） and control group （42 cases）. The patients in the ozone therapy group were treated with basic treatments plus ozone therapy system. Basic autohemotherapy was used. One hundred milliliter venous blood was drawn from each patient, and was mixed with 100 ml （35 pg/ml） medical ozone and then was returned the blood to the patient intravenously, once every other day for 20 days. Only the basic treatments were given to the control group. PRA, All, ALD, renal blood flow and damage to renal function of the two groups before treatment and 20 days after treatment were compared. Survival rates were also compared. Results Twenty days after the treatment, in ozone therapy group, PRA was （1.31±0.12） ng.m^-1.h^1, All （111.25±17.35） pg/ml, ALD （251.31±22.60） pg/ml, which decreased significantly compared with those before treatment （PRA （2.23±0.13） ng.ml^-1.h^-1, All （155.18±19.13） pg/ml, ALD （405.31±29.88） pg/ml, t=4.67-14.23, P 〈0.01 ）, also lower than those of control group 20 days after the treatment （PRA （2.02±0.11） ng.ml^-1.h^-1, All （162.21±15.32） pg/ml, ALD （401.20±35.02） pg/ml, t=4.97-15.61, P 〈0.01）; renal blood flow was （175.15±28.20） ml/min, which increased compared with that before the treatment （（125.68±21.25） ml/min） and was higher than that of control group 20 days after the treatment （（128.59±23.15） ml/min, t=4.78, 4.61, P 〈0.01）. Renal damage occurred in 2 cases （5%） in ozone therapy group, less than that in control group （9 cases, 21%） （X^2=5.295, P 〈0.05）. Thirty-three cases （77%） in ozone therapy group vs. 16 cases （38%） in control group survived （X^2=12.993, P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusions Basic treatment plus medical ozone therapy for patients with chronic severe hepatitis could decrease PRA, All and ALD levels significantly increase renal blood flow, prevent renal damage to certain extent and improve survival rate of the patients.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect of norepinephrine(NE)on renal cortical and medullary blood flow in atherosclerotic rabbits without renal artery stenosis.Methods Atherosclerosis was induced in...Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect of norepinephrine(NE)on renal cortical and medullary blood flow in atherosclerotic rabbits without renal artery stenosis.Methods Atherosclerosis was induced in 21 New Zealand white rabbits by feeding them a cholesterol-rich diet for 16 weeks.Thirteen healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly selected as controls.After atherosclerosis induction,standard ultrasonography was performed to confirm that there was no plaque or accelerated flow at the origin of the renal artery.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)was performed at baseline and during intravenous injection of NE.The degree of contrast enhancement of renal cortex and medulla after the injection of contrast agents was quantified by calculating the enhanced intensity.Results The serum nitric oxide(NO)level in atherosclerotic rabbits was higher than that in healthy rabbits(299.6±152 vs.136.5±49.5,P<0.001).The infusion of NE induced a significant increase in the systolic blood pressure(112±14 mmHg vs.84±9 mmHg,P=0.016)and a significant decrease in the enhanced intensity in renal cortex(17.78±2.07 dB vs.21.19±2.03 dB,P<0.001)and renal medulla(14.87±1.82 dB vs.17.14±1.89 dB,P<0.001)during CEUS.However,the enhanced intensity in the cortex and medulla of healthy rabbits after NE infusion showed no significant difference from that at baseline.Conclusion NE may reduce renal cortical and medullary blood flow in atherosclerotic rabbits without renal artery stenosis,partly by reducing the serum NO level.展开更多
Renal dysfunction is common in liver diseases,either as part of multiorgan involvement in acute illness or secondary to advanced liver disease.The presence of renal impairment in both groups is a poor prognostic indic...Renal dysfunction is common in liver diseases,either as part of multiorgan involvement in acute illness or secondary to advanced liver disease.The presence of renal impairment in both groups is a poor prognostic indicator.Renal failure is often multifactorial and can present as pre-renal or intrinsic renal dysfunction.Obstructive or post renal dysfunction only rarely complicates liver disease.Hepatorenal syndrome(HRS)is a unique form of renal failure associated with advanced liver disease or cirrhosis,and is characterized by functional renal impairment without significant changes in renal histology.Irrespective of the type of renal failure,renal hypoperfusion is the central pathogenetic mechanism,due either to reduced perfusion pressure or increased renal vascular resistance.Volume expansion,avoidance of precipitating factors and treatment of underlying liver disease constitute the mainstay of therapy to prevent and reverse renal impairment.Splanchnic vasoconstrictor agents,such as terlipressin,along with volume expansion,and early placement of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)may be effective in improving renal function in HRS.Continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)and molecular absorbent recirculating system(MARS)in selected patients may be life saving while awaiting liver transplantation.展开更多
目的:探究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因修饰大鼠羊膜间充质干细胞对肾病综合征大鼠血液生化指标的影响。方法:选取60只雄性大鼠,随机分为4组,各15例,分别为对照组(健康)、模型组(肾病综合征)、治疗1组(羊膜间充质干细胞悬液)、治疗2组(V...目的:探究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因修饰大鼠羊膜间充质干细胞对肾病综合征大鼠血液生化指标的影响。方法:选取60只雄性大鼠,随机分为4组,各15例,分别为对照组(健康)、模型组(肾病综合征)、治疗1组(羊膜间充质干细胞悬液)、治疗2组(VEGF基因修饰羊膜间充质干细胞悬液)。观察4组肾组织病理形态学及羊膜间充质干细胞存活、分布情况,并比较尿肌酐(SCr)、血尿素(BU)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UTP)、阻力指数(RI)、舒张期末期流速(EDV)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)及肾组织VEGF相关表达。结果:对照组大鼠肾组织具有完整清晰结构,模型组大鼠肾组肾小球表现为肿胀,肾小球内存在较多细胞,系膜区明显增宽,系膜细胞及基质中到重度增生;相较于模型组,各治疗组病理改变均较轻,各治疗组病理改变程度均较模型组轻,其中治疗1组病理改变较治疗2组病理改变明显;对照组及模型组大鼠肾组织均未见荧光细胞;治疗1组、治疗2组大鼠肾组织均可见红色荧光的阳性细胞,且仅可见于肾间质及小管内,在肾小球中未见其表达。与治疗1组比较,治疗2组阳性细胞较多;与对照组比较,模型组SCr、BU、24 h UTP、TC、TG、LDL、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均明显升高(P<0.05),治疗1组、治疗2组SCr、BU、24 h UTP、TC、TG、LDL、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均较模型组明显降低,且治疗2组最低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组RI明显升高,PSV、EDV明显下降(P<0.05),治疗1组、治疗2组PSV、EDV均较模型组显著升高,RI水平较模型组显著降低,且治疗2组RI最低,PSV、EDV最高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组肾组织中VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达均明显下降(P<0.05),治疗1组、治疗2组肾组织中VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达均较模型组显著升高,且治疗2组最高(P<0.05)。结论:经VEGF基因修饰的羊膜间充质干细胞移植治疗,可显著改善肾病综合征大鼠血脂水平、微炎症状态、肾功能及肾动脉血流,效果更为显著,可为肾病综合征细胞移植治疗提供有力依据。展开更多
目的探讨三维能量多普勒超声(three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound,3D-PDUS)对胎儿生长受限(fetal growth restriction,FGR)的诊断价值。方法选取2021年9月至2023年12月于温州市人民医院产检并分娩的孕晚期孕妇120例为研究对象...目的探讨三维能量多普勒超声(three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound,3D-PDUS)对胎儿生长受限(fetal growth restriction,FGR)的诊断价值。方法选取2021年9月至2023年12月于温州市人民医院产检并分娩的孕晚期孕妇120例为研究对象,经临床和超声证实的FGR孕妇50例纳入病例组,胎儿宫内发育正常的孕妇70例纳入对照组,比较两组胎儿的肾脏容积和肾脏血流参数,比较两组孕妇的妊娠结局和围产期情况。绘制受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)并计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),评价各血流参数对FGR的诊断效能。结果病例组胎儿的肾脏体积/孕周、肾脏血管化指数、血管化-血流指数、肾动脉收缩期峰值流速均显著低于对照组,肾动脉收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期血流速度比值、搏动指数、阻力指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组胎儿的肾脏血流指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,肾脏体积/孕周和肾动脉收缩期峰值流速的诊断效能较高,而联合应用的诊断效能最高,AUC为0.89。病例组的低出生体重儿发生率显著高于对照组,新生儿Apgar评分显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论使用3D-PDUS定量分析参数评估肾脏容积和血液灌注情况可预测FGR,有利于早期诊断FGR并指导临床干预,有效减少不良妊娠结局。展开更多
目的探讨贝前列素钠联合他克莫司治疗肾病综合征的效果及对肾功能、超声肾血流状态的影响。方法选取2021年3月至2023年6月收治的80例肾病综合征患者为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组给予他克莫司治疗,观察组在对...目的探讨贝前列素钠联合他克莫司治疗肾病综合征的效果及对肾功能、超声肾血流状态的影响。方法选取2021年3月至2023年6月收治的80例肾病综合征患者为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组给予他克莫司治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用贝前列素钠治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的治疗总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的77.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组的血肌酐(Scr)、胱抑素-C(Cys-C)、血尿素氮(BUN)、白蛋白(ALB)水平及24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UPQ)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组的Scr、Cys-C、BUN水平及24 h UPQ低于对照组,ALB水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组的肾动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、搏动指数(PI)及阻力指数(RI)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组的肾动脉PSV高于对照组,PI、RI低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论贝前列素钠联合他克莫司治疗肾病综合征的效果显著,其能改善患者肾功能,调节肾血流状态,值得推广。展开更多
This study adapted a statistical probabilistic anatomical map of the brain for single photon emission computed tomography images of depressive end-stage renal disease patients. This research aimed to investigate the r...This study adapted a statistical probabilistic anatomical map of the brain for single photon emission computed tomography images of depressive end-stage renal disease patients. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between symptom clusters, disease severity, and cerebral blood flow. Twenty-seven patients （16 males, 11 females） with stages 4 and 5 end-stage renal disease were enrolled, along with 25 healthy controls. All patients underwent depressive mood assessment and brain single photon emission computed tomography. The statistical probabilistic anatomical map images were used to calculate the brain single photon emission computed tomography counts. Asymmetric index was acquired and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between symptom factors, severity, and regional cerebral blood flow. The depression factors of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale showed a negative correlation with cerebral blood flow in the left amygdale. The insomnia factor showed negative correlations with cerebral blood flow in the left amygdala, right superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus. The anxiety factor showed a positive correlation with cerebral glucose metabolism in the cerebellar vermis and a negative correlation with cerebral glucose metabolism in the left globus pailidus, right inferior frontal gyrus, both temporal poles, and left parahippocampus. The overall depression severity （total scores of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale） was negatively correlated with the statistical probabilistic anatomical map results in the left amygdala and right inferior frontal gyrus. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the disease severity and extent of cerebral blood flow quantified by a probabilistic brain atlas was related to various brain areas in terms of the overall severity and symptom factors in end-stage renal disease patients.展开更多
文摘Background Medical ozone therapy system was reported to have certain effects on the treatment of severe hepatitis, but its mechanism is not very clear. One of the causes of death of severe hepatitis is complication of renal damage or hepatorenal syndrome. The present study aimed to observe effects of medical ozone therapy system on plasma renin activity （PRA）, angiotensin II （All）, aldosterone （ALD）, renal blood flow and renal function of patients with chronic severe hepatitis and explore mechanisms of medical ozone therapy in the treatment of severe hepatitis. Methods Eighty-five cases with chronic severe hepatitis were randomly divided into ozone therapy group （43 cases） and control group （42 cases）. The patients in the ozone therapy group were treated with basic treatments plus ozone therapy system. Basic autohemotherapy was used. One hundred milliliter venous blood was drawn from each patient, and was mixed with 100 ml （35 pg/ml） medical ozone and then was returned the blood to the patient intravenously, once every other day for 20 days. Only the basic treatments were given to the control group. PRA, All, ALD, renal blood flow and damage to renal function of the two groups before treatment and 20 days after treatment were compared. Survival rates were also compared. Results Twenty days after the treatment, in ozone therapy group, PRA was （1.31±0.12） ng.m^-1.h^1, All （111.25±17.35） pg/ml, ALD （251.31±22.60） pg/ml, which decreased significantly compared with those before treatment （PRA （2.23±0.13） ng.ml^-1.h^-1, All （155.18±19.13） pg/ml, ALD （405.31±29.88） pg/ml, t=4.67-14.23, P 〈0.01 ）, also lower than those of control group 20 days after the treatment （PRA （2.02±0.11） ng.ml^-1.h^-1, All （162.21±15.32） pg/ml, ALD （401.20±35.02） pg/ml, t=4.97-15.61, P 〈0.01）; renal blood flow was （175.15±28.20） ml/min, which increased compared with that before the treatment （（125.68±21.25） ml/min） and was higher than that of control group 20 days after the treatment （（128.59±23.15） ml/min, t=4.78, 4.61, P 〈0.01）. Renal damage occurred in 2 cases （5%） in ozone therapy group, less than that in control group （9 cases, 21%） （X^2=5.295, P 〈0.05）. Thirty-three cases （77%） in ozone therapy group vs. 16 cases （38%） in control group survived （X^2=12.993, P 〈0.01 ）. Conclusions Basic treatment plus medical ozone therapy for patients with chronic severe hepatitis could decrease PRA, All and ALD levels significantly increase renal blood flow, prevent renal damage to certain extent and improve survival rate of the patients.
基金supported by grants from Health and Family Planning Commission Foundation of Hubei Province(No.WJ2017M080)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81601507).
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect of norepinephrine(NE)on renal cortical and medullary blood flow in atherosclerotic rabbits without renal artery stenosis.Methods Atherosclerosis was induced in 21 New Zealand white rabbits by feeding them a cholesterol-rich diet for 16 weeks.Thirteen healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly selected as controls.After atherosclerosis induction,standard ultrasonography was performed to confirm that there was no plaque or accelerated flow at the origin of the renal artery.Contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)was performed at baseline and during intravenous injection of NE.The degree of contrast enhancement of renal cortex and medulla after the injection of contrast agents was quantified by calculating the enhanced intensity.Results The serum nitric oxide(NO)level in atherosclerotic rabbits was higher than that in healthy rabbits(299.6±152 vs.136.5±49.5,P<0.001).The infusion of NE induced a significant increase in the systolic blood pressure(112±14 mmHg vs.84±9 mmHg,P=0.016)and a significant decrease in the enhanced intensity in renal cortex(17.78±2.07 dB vs.21.19±2.03 dB,P<0.001)and renal medulla(14.87±1.82 dB vs.17.14±1.89 dB,P<0.001)during CEUS.However,the enhanced intensity in the cortex and medulla of healthy rabbits after NE infusion showed no significant difference from that at baseline.Conclusion NE may reduce renal cortical and medullary blood flow in atherosclerotic rabbits without renal artery stenosis,partly by reducing the serum NO level.
文摘Renal dysfunction is common in liver diseases,either as part of multiorgan involvement in acute illness or secondary to advanced liver disease.The presence of renal impairment in both groups is a poor prognostic indicator.Renal failure is often multifactorial and can present as pre-renal or intrinsic renal dysfunction.Obstructive or post renal dysfunction only rarely complicates liver disease.Hepatorenal syndrome(HRS)is a unique form of renal failure associated with advanced liver disease or cirrhosis,and is characterized by functional renal impairment without significant changes in renal histology.Irrespective of the type of renal failure,renal hypoperfusion is the central pathogenetic mechanism,due either to reduced perfusion pressure or increased renal vascular resistance.Volume expansion,avoidance of precipitating factors and treatment of underlying liver disease constitute the mainstay of therapy to prevent and reverse renal impairment.Splanchnic vasoconstrictor agents,such as terlipressin,along with volume expansion,and early placement of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)may be effective in improving renal function in HRS.Continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT)and molecular absorbent recirculating system(MARS)in selected patients may be life saving while awaiting liver transplantation.
文摘目的:探究血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因修饰大鼠羊膜间充质干细胞对肾病综合征大鼠血液生化指标的影响。方法:选取60只雄性大鼠,随机分为4组,各15例,分别为对照组(健康)、模型组(肾病综合征)、治疗1组(羊膜间充质干细胞悬液)、治疗2组(VEGF基因修饰羊膜间充质干细胞悬液)。观察4组肾组织病理形态学及羊膜间充质干细胞存活、分布情况,并比较尿肌酐(SCr)、血尿素(BU)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UTP)、阻力指数(RI)、舒张期末期流速(EDV)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)及肾组织VEGF相关表达。结果:对照组大鼠肾组织具有完整清晰结构,模型组大鼠肾组肾小球表现为肿胀,肾小球内存在较多细胞,系膜区明显增宽,系膜细胞及基质中到重度增生;相较于模型组,各治疗组病理改变均较轻,各治疗组病理改变程度均较模型组轻,其中治疗1组病理改变较治疗2组病理改变明显;对照组及模型组大鼠肾组织均未见荧光细胞;治疗1组、治疗2组大鼠肾组织均可见红色荧光的阳性细胞,且仅可见于肾间质及小管内,在肾小球中未见其表达。与治疗1组比较,治疗2组阳性细胞较多;与对照组比较,模型组SCr、BU、24 h UTP、TC、TG、LDL、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均明显升高(P<0.05),治疗1组、治疗2组SCr、BU、24 h UTP、TC、TG、LDL、IL-1β、TNF-α水平均较模型组明显降低,且治疗2组最低(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组RI明显升高,PSV、EDV明显下降(P<0.05),治疗1组、治疗2组PSV、EDV均较模型组显著升高,RI水平较模型组显著降低,且治疗2组RI最低,PSV、EDV最高(P<0.05);与对照组比较,模型组肾组织中VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达均明显下降(P<0.05),治疗1组、治疗2组肾组织中VEGF蛋白及mRNA表达均较模型组显著升高,且治疗2组最高(P<0.05)。结论:经VEGF基因修饰的羊膜间充质干细胞移植治疗,可显著改善肾病综合征大鼠血脂水平、微炎症状态、肾功能及肾动脉血流,效果更为显著,可为肾病综合征细胞移植治疗提供有力依据。
文摘目的探讨三维能量多普勒超声(three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasound,3D-PDUS)对胎儿生长受限(fetal growth restriction,FGR)的诊断价值。方法选取2021年9月至2023年12月于温州市人民医院产检并分娩的孕晚期孕妇120例为研究对象,经临床和超声证实的FGR孕妇50例纳入病例组,胎儿宫内发育正常的孕妇70例纳入对照组,比较两组胎儿的肾脏容积和肾脏血流参数,比较两组孕妇的妊娠结局和围产期情况。绘制受试者操作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC曲线)并计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),评价各血流参数对FGR的诊断效能。结果病例组胎儿的肾脏体积/孕周、肾脏血管化指数、血管化-血流指数、肾动脉收缩期峰值流速均显著低于对照组,肾动脉收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期血流速度比值、搏动指数、阻力指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);两组胎儿的肾脏血流指数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,肾脏体积/孕周和肾动脉收缩期峰值流速的诊断效能较高,而联合应用的诊断效能最高,AUC为0.89。病例组的低出生体重儿发生率显著高于对照组,新生儿Apgar评分显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论使用3D-PDUS定量分析参数评估肾脏容积和血液灌注情况可预测FGR,有利于早期诊断FGR并指导临床干预,有效减少不良妊娠结局。
文摘目的探讨贝前列素钠联合他克莫司治疗肾病综合征的效果及对肾功能、超声肾血流状态的影响。方法选取2021年3月至2023年6月收治的80例肾病综合征患者为研究对象,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各40例。对照组给予他克莫司治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用贝前列素钠治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的治疗总有效率为95.00%,高于对照组的77.50%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组的血肌酐(Scr)、胱抑素-C(Cys-C)、血尿素氮(BUN)、白蛋白(ALB)水平及24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UPQ)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组的Scr、Cys-C、BUN水平及24 h UPQ低于对照组,ALB水平高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组的肾动脉收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、搏动指数(PI)及阻力指数(RI)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组的肾动脉PSV高于对照组,PI、RI低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论贝前列素钠联合他克莫司治疗肾病综合征的效果显著,其能改善患者肾功能,调节肾血流状态,值得推广。
基金support of the Pusan National University Research Grant for 2 years
文摘This study adapted a statistical probabilistic anatomical map of the brain for single photon emission computed tomography images of depressive end-stage renal disease patients. This research aimed to investigate the relationship between symptom clusters, disease severity, and cerebral blood flow. Twenty-seven patients （16 males, 11 females） with stages 4 and 5 end-stage renal disease were enrolled, along with 25 healthy controls. All patients underwent depressive mood assessment and brain single photon emission computed tomography. The statistical probabilistic anatomical map images were used to calculate the brain single photon emission computed tomography counts. Asymmetric index was acquired and Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlation between symptom factors, severity, and regional cerebral blood flow. The depression factors of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale showed a negative correlation with cerebral blood flow in the left amygdale. The insomnia factor showed negative correlations with cerebral blood flow in the left amygdala, right superior frontal gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus. The anxiety factor showed a positive correlation with cerebral glucose metabolism in the cerebellar vermis and a negative correlation with cerebral glucose metabolism in the left globus pailidus, right inferior frontal gyrus, both temporal poles, and left parahippocampus. The overall depression severity （total scores of Hamilton Depression Rating Scale） was negatively correlated with the statistical probabilistic anatomical map results in the left amygdala and right inferior frontal gyrus. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the disease severity and extent of cerebral blood flow quantified by a probabilistic brain atlas was related to various brain areas in terms of the overall severity and symptom factors in end-stage renal disease patients.
