miR-206 Inhibits Renal Cell Cancer Growth by Targeting GAK

Renal cell cancer（RCC） remains one of the most lethal types of cancer in adults.Micro RNAs（mi RNAs） play key roles in the pathogenesis of RCC.The role of mi R-206 in RCC has not been fully understood.The purpose of this study was to examine the role of mi R-206 in the regulation of proliferation and metastasis of RCC and the possible mechanism.mi R-206 expression was detected by reverse transcription？quantitative polymerase chain reaction（RT-q PCR） in RCC cell lines（786-O and OS-RC-2 cells） and clinical samples.MTS [3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-5-（3-carboxymethoxyphenyl）-2-（4-sulfophenyl）-2H-tetrazolium] method,colony formation and transwell assay were used to detect the tumor-suppressing ability of mi R-206 in RCC.Luciferase assay was performed to verify the precise target of mi R-206.The results showed that the expression of mi R-206 was significantly down-regulated in RCC tissues and cells.The expression level of cyclin G-associated kinase（GAK）,a master regulator of tumor proliferation and metastasis,was up-regulated with the decrease in mi R-206 in RCC tissues as well as RCC cell lines.In addition,the mi R-206 inhibitor promoted the proliferation,migration and invasion of 786-O and OS-RC-2 cells.Bioinformatics combined with luciferase and Western blot assays revealed that mi R-206 inhibited the expression of GAK.Moreover,mi R-206 regulates RCC cell growth partly through targeting GAK.Our study indicated that mi R-206 functions as a tumor suppressor in regulating the proliferation,migration and invasion of RCC by directly targeting GAK,and it holds promises as a potential therapeutic target for RCC.

Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 suppresses renal cell cancer proliferation and metastasis by regulating the miR-200c-SCD axis

Tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2(TET2)acts as an antioncogene that is investigated in different cancers.But the effects of TET2 in renal cell cancer(RCC)is still known little.Here,quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),Western blot,and immunofluorescence were performed to exam gene and protein expression.Cell proliferation was measured using Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8).Transwell assay was performed to detect cell metastasis viability.Flow cytometry was performed to analyze the cell cycle and cell apoptosis.The effects of TET2 on RCC growth in vivo was analyzed using a mouse xenograft model.We found that TET2 and miR-200c were decreased in RCC tissues,and hypermethylation of miR-200c promoter was found.Overexpression of TET2 promoted miR-200c expression by reducing miR-200c promoter methylation.Additionally,overexpression of TET2 or miR-200c suppressed cell growth and metastasis.Also,knockdown of miR-200c could moderate TET2 mediated cell growth inhibition.Furthermore,we found miR-200c directly regulates Stearoyl-CoA desaturase(SCD)gene expression.Moreover,in vivo experiment results confirmed that TET2 inhibited tumor growth.In conclusion,TET2 acts as an antioncogene in RCC by regulating the miR-200c-SCD axis and providing a potential target for RCC diagnosis and treatment.

Recurrent renal cell cancer presenting as gastrointestinal bleed

We present an unusual case of renal cell cancer(RCC) which relapsed with duodenal metastasis and unveiled itself by gastrointestinal(GI) bleeding.An 80-year old Caucasian gentleman with history of renal cell cancer status post nephrectomy 11 mo previously,presented with syncope and melena.Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed heterogeneous soft tissue mass in the right nephrectomy bed invading the duodenum.Upper GI endoscopic biopsy confirmed the presence of recurrent renal cell cancer.However,due to extensive metastatic disease,the patient was placed on palliative chemotherapy as surgical options were ruled out.Our case report reiterates the fact that renal cell carcinoma can recur with gastrointestinal manifestations and,although a rarity,it should be considered in a patient with a history of malignancy who presents with these symptoms.

Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase protein expression in renal cell cancer

Objective: To understand the function of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) protein as tumor biomarker in renal carcinoma. Methods: Recombinant NNMT protein was used to prepare monoclonal antibodies by hybridoma technique. The diagnostic and prognostic function of NNMT protein in renal carcinoma was evaluated by analyzing 74 renal cancer tissues through immunohistochemical staining for NNMT by using the prepared antibodies. Results: Two hybridomas named 2F8 and 1E7 stably secreting the monoclonal antibodies were isolated successfully, and characters such as isotypes and specificity were determined. NNMT protein was significantly up-regulated in renal cancer and significantly associated with tumor histology and ages. The univariate survival analysis demonstrated that the pT-status, high levels of NNMT, and distant metastasis were significant prognosticators. Conclusion: NNMT is over-expressed in a large proportion in renal cell cancers. High NNMT expression is significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. However, the prognostic value of NNMT needs further verification in larger sample sizes.

Influence of Osteopontin Short Hairpin RNA on the Proliferation and Invasion of Human Renal Cancer Cells

The influence of short hairpin RNA(shRNA)-mediated osteopontin(OPN)gene silencing on the proliferation and invasion of human renal cancer ACHN cells was investigated.Four types of OPN shRNA recombinant plasmids were constructed and RT-PCR assays were used to screen the most highly functional shRNA recombinant plasmids,which were transferred into the cultured ACHN cells by LipofectamineTM 2000.The cells transfected by shRNA expression vectors(ACHN/OPN)were visualized under an inverted microscope and screened...

Application of Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood in Judging the Prognosis of Patients with Renal Cancer and Related Indexes of Blood Coagulation

Objective: To investigate the value of the number of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood in the prognosis and coagulation-related indicators of patients with renal cancer. Methods: 65 patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) confirmed pathologically were divided into CTC positive group and CTC negative group according to the CTC count (5 pcs/3.5 ml). Compare the age, gender, tumor location, TNM (clinical stage), pathological grade, tissue type, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, prognosis and prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen (FIB), partial coagulation of the two groups of patients The correlation between the results of zymogen time (APTT) and D-dimer (DD) and the number of CTC. Results: There were significant differences in TNM, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis between the two groups (P < 0.05). The number of CTC in patients was correlated with FIB and D-D levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The number of CTC in patients with renal cell carcinoma is correlated with some clinical phenotypes (TNM, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis) and some coagulation indexes (FIB, D-D), and can jointly predict the prognosis of renal cancer.

Nasal metastases from renal cell carcinoma are associated with Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center poor-prognosis classification

Unusual sites of metastases are recognized in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the prognostic implications of these sites are not well understood. We used the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) risk classification for metastatic RCC to evaluate 912 consecutive patients with RCC managed at the Singapore General Hospital between 1990 and 2009. Among these patients, 301 had metastases either at diagnosis or during the course of illness. Nasal metastases, all arising from clear cell RCC, were identified histologically in 4 patients (1.3% of those with metastasis). All 4 patients were classified as MSKCC poor prognosis by current risk criteria. Nasal metastases were significantly associated with lung and bone metastases. The frequency of nasal metastases in patients with metastatic RCC is about 1%, occurring predominantly in patients with clear cell RCC. Nasal metastases are associated with poor prognosis as estimated by the MSKCC risk classification, with attendant implications for selection of targeted therapy, and are usually associated with multi-organ dissemination, including concurrent lung and bone involvement.

Programmed cell death protein 4 expression in renal cell carcinoma, penile carcinoma and testicular germ cell cancer

AIM:To investigate the expression of programmed cell death 4(Pdcd4)tumor suppressor gene in tissue specimen of renal cell carcinoma(RCC),testicular germ cell cancer and penile cancer.METHODS:Pdcd4 expression was studied using immunohistochemistry in 188 cases of RCC and 28 controls(including 9 oncocytoma);in 74 cases of penile carcinoma(including 17 metastatic tissue samples)and26 controls;in 11 cases of seminoma,in 14 cases of non-seminoma and 5 controls.RESULTS:Control tissues exhibited strong core and cytoplasmatic Pdcd4 staining.In contrast,core and cy-toplasmatic Pdcd4 levels were significantly decreased in cancer tissues.CONCLUSION:Our data support a role for Pdcd4(down-)regulation in urologic tumors.Interestingly,Pdcd4 expression seem to be a potential diagnostic marker for renal or penile tumors.

Development of Aseptic Renal Abscess in a Patient with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with ALK Translocation during Crizotinib Treatment

Background: Crizotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor of ALK, MET and ROS1. In a safety database trial, it was suggested an association of Crizotinib with the development of renal cyst in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Aim: To report an uncommon side effect of Crizotinib in a patient with NSLC. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 68-year-old woman with NSCLC who developed bilateral progressive aseptic renal abscesses during Crizotinib treatment. Conclusion: Further studies may be necessary to determinate the risk of renal cyst development and the management of these complications.

Concurrent renal cell carcinoma and hematologic malignancies: Nine case reports

BACKGROUND The presence of renal cell carcinoma(RCC)and hematologic malignancies(HM)in the same patient is rarely observed.Three primary findings have been described in these patients,including male gender and lymphoid malignancy predominance,and the HM are usually diagnosed before or simultaneously with the RCC.There is a lack of evidence about clinical outcomes in this setting.We report the common characteristics of 9 patients diagnosed with concurrent RCC and HM and their clinical course and response to treatment.CASE SUMMARY Four(44%)patients were diagnosed with RCC prior to the HM,the diagnosis was simultaneous in 4(44%)patients,and 1(11%)patient was diagnosed with the HM prior to the RCC.No patients were treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiation between the diagnosis of RCC and HM.Several unique features were seen in our case series,such as 3 simultaneous cancers in 1(11%)patient,a splenectomy leading to remission of diffuse large B cell lymphoma without the use of chemotherapy in 1(11%)patient,chemotherapy and rituximab for lymphoma resulting in a complete response in primary RCC in 1(11%)patient,and immunotherapy providing an excellent response for primary renal leiomyosarcoma in 1(11%)patient.CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential role of immune system dysregulation in patients with the diagnosis of RCC and HM whereby the first malignancy predisposes to the second through an immunomodulatory effect.HM have the potential of being confused with lymph node metastasis from kidney cancer.Lymph node biopsy may be necessary at the time of initial diagnosis or in cases of mixed response to therapy.Long-term medical surveillance is warranted when a patient is diagnosed with RCC or HM.Clinicians should be aware of the higher prevalence of male gender and lymphoid malignancy with concurrent RCC and HM and that either of these conditions may be diagnosed first or they may be diagnosed simultaneously.

A Case Report: Metastasis of Clear Cell Ovarian Cancer in Morrison’s Pouch as Differential Diagnosis to Exophytic Kidney Tumor

A 62-year-old woman with a history of curatively treated mucinous ovarian cancer, presented with dyspnea, anorexia and right-upper-quadrant pain at consultation with her general practitioner. A CT scan revealed several lymph node metastases in lungs and abdomen as well as a tumor in Morrison’s pouch and biopsy revealed renal cell carcinoma. Therefore, she was referred to Department of Urology. The multidisciplinary team could not immediately reject that there could be an exophytic tumor in the right kidney but discrepancy between histology and imaging, led to several biopsies including laparoscopic procedure. Re-examination of the primary ovarian cancer showed that one percent was classified as clear cell carcinoma. The final diagnose was metastatic clear cell ovarian carcinoma. The patient was terminal and suffered of cachexia and pleural effusion. The patient deceased four months after first consultation.

Comparative Effectiveness of Median Sternotomy vs Minimal Access Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Circulatory Arrest for Resection of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Inferior Vena Caval Extension

Introduction: The use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) is an adjunctive surgical technique that can be employed for the resection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with venous thrombus extension superior to the level of the hepatic veins. Median Sternotomy (MS) or Minimal Access (MA) incisions may be used to establish CPB during the resection of these extensive tumors. We review our experience with both incisional approaches and compareoperative details, perioperative complications, and recurrence free survival. Materials and Methods: From 1986 to 2012, 70 radical nephrectomies with concomitant inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombectomies were performed at our institution using MS (23 patients) and MA (47 patients) techniques. Preoperative patient characteristics, pathologic data, and organ specific postoperative complications and follow-up data were compared between groups. Estimates of overall and recurrence-free survival were constructed using Kaplan-Meier curves and compared using log-rank testing. Results: There were no significant differences with respect to patient demographics or preoperative comorbid conditions between the MA and MS groups. The MA group showed a significant reduction (p 0.05) in the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, length of stay, operative time, and number of blood transfusions compared to MS patients. Overall and organ-system specific complications demonstrated a decreased incidence of wound infection (37.9% v. 12.5%, p = 0.0135) and sepsis (14.3% v. 0%, p = 0.0137) in patients undergoing MA approach. Perioperative mortality was significantly reduced in the MA group (30.4% v. 8.5% p = 0.0179). Recurrence-free survival in the MS group was 0.59 years and 1.2 years in the MA group (p = 0.06). Conclusions: Minimal access surgical approaches for CPB and DHCA during the resection of RCC with extensive tumor thrombus provide similar oncologic control with decreased duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay and infection related complications. Our findings suggest that MA techniques provide significant advantages over MS.

Collecting Duct (Bellini Duct) Renal Cell Carcinoma: Oncologic Outcome and Therapeutic Management

Objectives: To evaluate treatment and prognosis of collecting duct renal cell carcinoma (CDRCC) in three institutions. Methods: The data of CDRCC patients were collected retrospectively from 3 participating institutions. Results: A total of 24 patients were identified in 3 institutions with an incidence of 0.5% - 0.6%. Among them, the median age was 63.0 years and male gender was predominant (66.7%). At least 45.7% (11/24) of the patients were symptomatic at presentation. Moreover, distant metastasis at initial diagnosis was present in 13 patients (54.2%) and 6 patients (25.0%) developed distant metastasis during the course of disease. Almost all these patients were at high stage (87.5%) and poorly differentiated (79.2%). Besides, nodal involvement and major vein extension were observed in 14 (58.3%) and 10 (41.7%) patients, respectively. All the patients in this cohort underwent surgery with a median cancer specific survival of 11.3 months. Of the 14 patients with chemotherapy, gemcitabine/cisplatin was dominantly given in 6 patients (42.9%). Conclusions: CDRCC is rarely seen. Most of CDRCC patients had advanced stage, high nuclear grade, regional nodal involvement, distant metastasis at presentation and consequent poor prognosis. To date, no standard protocol for the treatment of CDRCC exists. Current standard in systemic therapy of CDRCC is chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin.

The role of diabetes mellitus in localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma

Introduction & Objectives: Until recently, the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been increasing worldwide, mainly in western countries, at a rate between 2% and 4% per year. However, the reason for this dramatic increase in number has not been fully understood. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for RCC, but the impact of DM on the prognosis of RCC is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the potential influence of DM on clinicopathological features of localized and metastatic RCC. Material & Methods: We evaluated 863 patients with primary RCC who had undergone renal surgery between 1991 and 2005 in the University Hospital Hannover;the mean follow-up was 58 months. To test the association of DM with survival end-points, Kaplan-Meier Method and Cox multivariable logistic regression models were applied. Results: In total, we identified 123 diabetic patients who suffered from RCC, 9 patients with diabetes type 1 and 114 with type 2. Patients with DM type 2 presented significantly more often with pT1a tumours at diagnosis (40.0 vs. 31.7%, p = 0.02), had less frequently high grade cancer (G3/4;10.3 vs. 16.2%, p = 0.03), were older (median, 65.3 vs. 61.6 years;p < 0.001), and had a higher BMI at diagnosis (median, 27.6 vs. 25.8, p < 0.001). However, there was no difference between diabetic and non-diabetic patients concerning sex, histological subtype, lymphatic and distant metastasis. In addition, there was no discrepancy in 5-year cancer specific survival between both groups (62.2 vs. 64.9% for patients without and with DM type 2, respectively). Applying multivariable analysis, unlike age, tumour stage, grade and N/M status, diabetes was not identified as a significant independent prognostic factor. Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first study to show that even though diabetes is a risk factor for RCC it does not seem to influence its prognoses even though it might be diagnosed earlier in diabetic patients.

Translating new data to the daily practice in second line treatment of renal cell carcinoma:The role of tumor growth rate

The therapeutic options for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma(mRCC) have completely changed during the last ten years. With the sequential use of targeted therapies, median overall survival has increased in daily practice and now it is not uncommon to see patients surviving kidney cancer for more than four to five years. Once treatment fails with the first line targeted therapy, head to head comparisons have shown that cabozantinib, nivolumab and the combination of lenvatinib plus everolimus are more effective than everolimus alone and that axitinib is more active than sorafenib. Unfortunately, it is very unlikely that we will ever have prospective data comparing the activity of axitinib, cabozantinib, lenvatinib or nivolumab. It is frustrating to observe the lack of biomarkers that we have in this field, thus there is no firm recommendation about the optimal sequence of treatment in the second line. In the absence of reliable biomarkers, there are several clinical endpoints that can help physicians to make decisions for an individual patient, such as the tumor burden, the expected response rate and the time to achieve the response to each agent, the prior response to the agent administered, the toxicity profile of the different compounds and patient preference. Here, we propose the introduction of the tumor-growth rate(TGR) during first-line treatment as a new tool to be used to select the second line strategy in m RCC. The rapidness of TGR before the onset of the treatment reflects the variability between patients in terms of tumor growth kinetics and it could be a surrogate marker of tumor aggressiveness that may guide treatment decisions.

Multiple Primary Malignancies: Metastatic Renal with Early Breast and Endometrial Cancers: A Case Report

Double primary malignancies could be divided into two categories, depending on the interval between tumor diagnoses. A secondary malignancy could be defined as a new cancer that has occurred as a result of previous treatment with radiation or chemotherapy. Second primary malignancy can occur at any age but it’s commonly at old age. A 46 premenopausal female patient presented to our outpatient clinic complaining from a mass in her right breast, routine metastatic work-up for distant metastasis declared multiple hepatic metastases, RT renal mass, and bone metastases. Palliative radiotherapy to tender and weight bearing sites followed by 4 cycles of systemic chemotherapy FEC regimen were received. Tru-cut needle biopsy from renal mass detected renal cell carcinoma of clear cell type, the patient started sunitinib and tamoxifen with bisphosphonate (Zoledronic acid), assessment of the response revealed reduction of the size and number of HFLs, and the size of renal mass, so the patient was decided to do cytoreductive nephrectomy and then continued on TAM and sunitinib. Collectively, due to the rising incidence of multiple primary malignancies, further studies should be done not only for better clinical evaluation and treatments but also for accurate determination of possible causes, pathogenesis, effective managements and screening programs.

Review of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with reduced intensity conditioning in solid tumors excluding breast cancer

Solid tumors in adults constitute a heterogeneous group of malignancy originating from various organ systems. Solid tumors are not completely curable by chemotherapy, even though some subgroups are very chemo-sensitive. Recently, oncologists have focused on the use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(alloHSCT) with reduced intensity conditioning(RIC) for the treatment of some refractory solid tumors. After the demonstration of allogeneic graft-versus-leukemia effect in patients with hematological malignancies who received allo-HSCT, investigators evaluated this effect in patients with refractory metastatic solid tumors. According to data from experimental animal models and preliminary clinical trials, a graft-versus-tumor(GvT) effect may also be observed in the treatment of some solid tumors(e.g., renal cell cancer, colorectal cancer, etc.) after allo-HSCT with RIC. The use of RIC regimens offers an opportunity of achieving full-donor engraftment with GvT effect, as well as, a reduced transplant-related mortality. Current literature suggests that allo-HSCT with RIC might become a choice for elderly and medically fragile patients with refractory metastatic solid tumors.

基于Cancer Browser数据库分析HMGA1在肾癌中的表达及预后

目的明确HMGA1基因在肾癌中的表达差异及其对上皮间质转化、预后的影响。方法利用Cancer Browser数据库检测HMGA1基因表达与肾癌分级分期、预后的相关性。通过Western blot实验检测HMGA1在肾癌组织、癌旁正常组织、肾癌细胞以及正常肾小管上皮细胞内的蛋白表达。通过Cancer Browser数据库检测HMGA1与Twist1、Twist2在肾癌中的相关性,并通过Western blot实验检测肾癌ACHN细胞系以及肾小管上皮细胞HK2内HMGA1、Twist1、Twist2的蛋白表达。结果 HMGA1的基因表达与肾癌的Grade分级、Stage分期、TNM分期呈正相关,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。而HMGA1在肾癌组织中的蛋白表达显著高于其在癌旁正常组织内的表达,且肾癌细胞中HMGA1的蛋白表达也显著高于其在肾小管上皮细胞内的表达。肾癌患者中HMGA1与Twist2的表达呈正相关(P<0.000 1),而与Twist1的表达无明显相关(P=0.752 6),Western blot结果亦提示HMGA1和Twist2蛋白在肾癌细胞内均呈高表达,而Twist1在肾癌细胞及肾小管上皮细胞内表达无差异。最后的生存分析显示,HMGA1高表达的肾癌患者生存期显著低于HMGA1低表达的(P=0.007 7)。结论 HMGA1可能是肾癌诊断和预后的一种潜在生物学标志物,而高表达的HMGA1与肾癌患者的不良预后有关。

miR-138对肾癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及其机制

目的观察miR-138对肾癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响,并探讨其对细胞周期蛋白D1(CCND1)的靶向调控作用。方法取肾癌细胞786-O,随机分为对照组、miR-138过表达组、miR-138低表达组,分别将miR-138空脂质体、miR-138 mimic和miR-138 inhibitor转染至细胞中。采用CCK-8法观察各组细胞增殖情况,细胞划痕实验观察细胞迁移能力,Transwell实验观察细胞侵袭能力。利用Star Base软件对miR-138进行靶基因预测,荧光素酶实验验证miR-138与CCND1的靶向调控关系。结果与对照组比较,miR-138过表达组细胞增殖活性降低,细胞迁移距离和细胞侵袭数量减少,CCND1蛋白表达下降(P均<0.01)。与对照组比较,miR-138低表达组细胞增殖活性升高,细胞迁移距离和细胞侵袭数量增加,CCND1蛋白表达升高(P均<0.01)。Star Base软件预测结果显示,CCND1的3'非编码区含有miR-138的结合位点。荧光素酶实验表明,miR-138可靶向调控CCND1。结论miR-138能够抑制肾癌细胞的增殖、迁移、侵袭,其机制可能与靶向调控CCND1表达有关。

基于Cancer Browser数据库分析促癌基因HMGA2在肾癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探究HMGA2基因在肾癌中的表达及其对上皮间质转化的影响。方法通过Cancer Browser数据库检测HMGA2的表达与肾癌TNM分期、Staging分期的相关性,并明确HMGA2与Zeb1、Zeb2在肾癌中的相关性;随后通过Western blot实验和实时定量PCR检测HMGA2在肾癌组织、癌旁正常组织、肾癌细胞系以及正常肾小管上皮细胞内的蛋白及mRNA表达水平;通过Cancer Browser数据库检测HMGA2与Zeb1、Zeb2在肾癌中表达的相关性,并通过Western blot实验检测肾癌组织与癌旁正常组织、肾癌细胞786-O与正常肾小管上皮细胞HK2中Twist1、Twist2、Zeb1、Zeb2、HMGA2的蛋白表达水平;最后通过Western blot实验和实时定量PCR检测敲低HMGA2后肾癌细胞786-O内Twist1和Twist2的表达水平。结果随着肾癌的TNM分期以及Stage分期的逐渐增高,HMGA2的表达亦显著增高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。而HMGA2在肾癌组织及细胞内的表达显著高于癌旁正常组织及正常肾小管上皮细胞(P<0.001);不管在肾癌组织还是在肾癌细胞内,HMGA2与Twist1、Twist2均呈高表达,而Zeb1和Zeb2的表达无明显变化(P=0.3137,0.5820)。而Western blot和实时定量PCR结果显示敲低HMGA2可下调肾癌细胞内Twist1和Twist2的蛋白和mRNA表达水平。结论HMGA2与肾癌的TNM分期和Stage分期呈正相关。而HMGA2在肾癌组织及细胞内呈高表达,且HMGA2可正向调控Twist1和Twist2的表达。