Kidney transplantation is the best replacement treatment for the end-stage renal disease.Currently,the imbalance between the number of patients on a transplant list and the number of organs available constitutes the c...Kidney transplantation is the best replacement treatment for the end-stage renal disease.Currently,the imbalance between the number of patients on a transplant list and the number of organs available constitutes the crucial limitation of this approach.To expand the pool of organs amenable for transplantation,kidneys coming from older patients have been employed;however,the combination of these organs in conjunction with the chronic use of immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of incidence of graft small renal tumors.This narrative review aims to provide the state of the art on the clinical impact and management of incidentally diagnosed small renal tumors in either donors or recipients.According to the most updated evidence,the use of grafts with a small renal mass,after bench table tumor excision,may be considered a safe option for high-risk patients in hemodialysis.On the other hand,an early small renal mass finding on periodic ultrasound-evaluation in the graft should allow to perform a conservative treatment in order to preserve renal function.Finally,in case of a renal tumor in native kidney,a radical nephrectomy is usually recommended.展开更多
Multiphasic multidetector computed tomography(CT)forms the mainstay for the characterization of renal masses whereas magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)acts as a problem-solving tool in some cases.However,a few of the ren...Multiphasic multidetector computed tomography(CT)forms the mainstay for the characterization of renal masses whereas magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)acts as a problem-solving tool in some cases.However,a few of the renal masses remain indeterminate even after evaluation by conventional imaging methods.To overcome the deficiency in current imaging techniques,advanced imaging methods have been devised and are being tested.This review will cover the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,shear wave elastography,dual-energy CT,perfusion CT,MR perfusion,diffusion-weighted MRI,blood oxygen leveldependent MRI,MR spectroscopy,positron emission tomography(PET)/prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET in the characterization of renal masses.展开更多
Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-2...Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-20%) to aggressive(20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance(AS), have grown considerably. As the management of the SRM evolves to incorporate ablative techniques and AS for low risk disease, the role of renal mass biopsy(RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is evolving. Historically, the role of RMB was limited to the evaluation of suspected metastatic disease, renal abscess, or lymphoma. However, in the contemporary era, the role of biopsy has grown, most notably to identify patients who harbor benign lesions and for whom treatment, particularly the elderly or frail, may be avoided. When performing a RMB to guide initial clinical decision making for small, localized tumors, the most relevant questions are often relegated to proof of malignancy and documentation(if possible) of grade. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) that may lead to an underestimation of the genetic complexity of a tumor when single-biopsy procedures are used. Heterogeneous genomic landscapes and branched parallel evolution of ccRCCs with spatially separated subclones creates an illusion of clonal dominance when assessed by single biopsies and raises important questions regarding how tumors can be optimally sampled and whether future evolutionary tumor branches might be predictable and ultimately targetable. This work raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current role of RMB, the implications of tumor heterogeneity on diagnostic accuracy, and highlight promising future directions.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy performed for posterior renal tumors via a transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach.METHODS: Retrospective review was performed for pat...AIM: To evaluate outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy performed for posterior renal tumors via a transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach.METHODS: Retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(RALPN) for a posterior renal tumor between 2009-2015. Patient demographic characteristics, operative factors, pathology, oncologic outcomes, renal function, and tumor complexity were obtained. Radius of the tumor, exophytic/endophytic properties of the tumor, nearness of tumor to the collecting system, anterior/posterior position, location relative to the polar line(RENAL) nephrometry scores were calculated. nephrometry scores were calculated. The operative approach was determined by the primary surgeon. RESULTS: A total of 91 patients were identified who underwent RALPN for a posterior renal tumor. Fifty-four procedures were performed via the retroperitoneal(RP) approach, and 37 via the transperitoneal(TP) approach. There were no significant differences in patient factors(race, sex, age and body mass index), RENAL nephrometry scores, tumor size, conversion rates, or margin status. Among procedures performed on-clamp, therewas no significant difference in warm ischemia times. Total operative time(180.7 min for RP vs 227.8 min for TP, P < 0.001), robotic console time(126.9 min for RP vs 164.3 min for TP, P < 0.001), and median estimated blood loss(32.5 m L for RP vs 150 mL for TP, P < 0.001) were significantly lower via the RP approach. Off-clamp RALPN was performed for 31(57.4%) of RP procedures vs 9(24.3%) of TP procedures. Oncologic and renal functional outcomes were equivalent.CONCLUSION: The RP approach to RALPN for posterior renal tumors is superior with regard to operative time and blood loss and the ability to be performed off-clamp.展开更多
Objective：To review the natural history and growth kinetics of small renal masses （SRMs）.Data Sources：The literature concerning natural history and growth kinetics of SRMs was collected from PubMed published from ...Objective：To review the natural history and growth kinetics of small renal masses （SRMs）.Data Sources：The literature concerning natural history and growth kinetics of SRMs was collected from PubMed published from 1990 to 2014.Study Selection：We included all the relevant articles on the active surveillance （AS） or delayed treatment for SRMs in English,with no limitation of study design.Results：SRMs under AS have a slow growth potential in general.The mean linear growth rate is 0.33 cm/year,the mean volumetric growth rate is 9.48 cm3/year.The rate of metastasis during AS is below 2％.Some factors are associated with the growth rate of SRMs,including tumor grade,histological subtype,initial tumor size,age,radiographic characteristics,and molecular markers.No definite predictor of growth rate of SRMs is defined at present.SRMs with high tumor grade and the subtype of clear cell renal cell carcinoma may have aggressive growth potential.Conclusions：AS is a reasonable choice for elderly patients with SRMs,who are at high risk from surgery.Progression during observation is the biggest concern while performing AS.There is no definite predictor of progression for SRMs under AS.Percutaneous renal biopsy providing immunohistological and genic biomarkers may improve the understanding of natural history of SRMs.展开更多
Objective:Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)has become widely used for treatment of renal cell carcinoma and it is expanding in the field of complex renal masses.The aim of this systematic review was to analyze ...Objective:Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)has become widely used for treatment of renal cell carcinoma and it is expanding in the field of complex renal masses.The aim of this systematic review was to analyze outcomes of RAPN for completely endophytic renal masses,large tumors(cT2-T3),renal cell carcinoma in solitary kidney,recurrent tumors,completely endophytic and hilar masses,and simultaneous and multiple tumors.Methods:A comprehensive search in the PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed in December 2022 for English language papers.The primary endpoint was to evaluate the role of RAPN in the setting of each category of complex renal masses considered.The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the surgical and functional outcomes.Results:After screening 1250 records,43 full-text manuscripts were selected,comprising over 8500 patients.Twelve and thirteen studies reported data for endophytic and hilar renal masses,respectively.Five and three studies reported outcomes for cT2-T3 and solitary kidney patients,respectively.Four studies focused on redo-RAPN for recurrent tumors.Two studies investigated simultaneous bilateral renal masses and five reports focused on multiple tumor excision in ipsilateral kidney.Conclusion:Over the past decade,evidence supporting the use of RAPN for the most challenging nephron-sparing surgery indications has continuously grown.Although limitations remain including study design and lack of detailed long-term functional and oncological outcomes,the adoption of RAPN for the included advanced indications is associated with favorable surgical outcomes with good preservation of renal function without compromising the oncological result.Certainly,a higher likelihood of complication might be expected when facing extremely challenging cases.However,none of these indications should be considered per se an exclusion criterion for performing RAPN.Ultimately,a risk-adapted approach should be employed.展开更多
Introduction: The diagnosis of small renal masses and the endophytic tumor approach have become challenging. This study aims to describe exclusively robot-assisted surgery as an alternative nephron-sparing approach fo...Introduction: The diagnosis of small renal masses and the endophytic tumor approach have become challenging. This study aims to describe exclusively robot-assisted surgery as an alternative nephron-sparing approach for renal intraparenchymal tumors. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients with completely endophytic tumors undergoing robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, treated under the Da Vinci System<sup>®</sup>, aided by intraoperative ultrasound. The patients’ demographic characteristics, perioperative and oncological outcomes were assessed. Results: From a total of 13 partial nephrectomies performed between 06/2010 and 10/2021, all patients underwent nephrotomy. The patients’ mean age was 52 years and the tumor measured mean 2.6 cm. Warm ischemia time was 24 minutes and histopathological analysis revealed that 12 patients had renal cell carcinoma. In a mean 36-month follow-up, no significant renal function alterations were found and no local or systemic recurrences occurred. Conclusion: Robot-assisted access is a safe and effective option for the nephron-sparing technique in completely intraparenchymal renal tumors.展开更多
A 50 yr man presented with fatigue and fever. He was found to have a 7.2 cm left renal mass. Radical nephrectomy was done. The mass was HMB-45 negative renal angiomyolipoma. This patient did not have tuberous sclerosi...A 50 yr man presented with fatigue and fever. He was found to have a 7.2 cm left renal mass. Radical nephrectomy was done. The mass was HMB-45 negative renal angiomyolipoma. This patient did not have tuberous sclerosis. His fever resolved after the tumor excision. This case is unique because of the unusual morphology and histology of the tumor. It reiterates that getting rid of inflammatory cytokines being produced by the tumor will cause resolution of fever.展开更多
Renal cell carcinoma is a common urological malignancy with the unique ability to invade the inferior vena cava(IVC) and to extend into the right atrium of the heart. Of those with Renal cell carcinoma only 4%-25% are...Renal cell carcinoma is a common urological malignancy with the unique ability to invade the inferior vena cava(IVC) and to extend into the right atrium of the heart. Of those with Renal cell carcinoma only 4%-25% are found to have IVC invasion and of those only 2%-10% extend into the right atrium. If treated surgically, extension of tumor thrombus is not a determinant of survival; therefore it is imperative to determine the presence and extent of tumor thrombus in order to determine surgical approach and tumor resection. To date this has been primarily accomplished by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. We present a case of 61 years old African American woman in which transthoracic echocardiography provided a more accurate determination/characterization of the presence and degree of tumor thrombus and extension.展开更多
目的:描述和分析1990-2019年中国人群归因于高体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的肾癌疾病负担变化趋势。方法:基于2019年全球疾病负担研究(GBD2019)部分数据,按照性别、年龄、年份对近三十年归因于高BMI的肾癌人群死亡数、伤残调整寿命...目的:描述和分析1990-2019年中国人群归因于高体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的肾癌疾病负担变化趋势。方法:基于2019年全球疾病负担研究(GBD2019)部分数据,按照性别、年龄、年份对近三十年归因于高BMI的肾癌人群死亡数、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)和伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)及其年龄标化率等指标分类记录。并采用Joinpoint回归模型计算平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)反映中国与全球以及不同社会人口学指数(socio-demographic index,SDI)地区归因于高BMI的肾癌疾病负担及其变化趋势。结果:从1990到2019年,中国归因于高BMI的肾癌疾病的标化死亡率由0.03/10万上升至0.13/10万,标化DALY率从0.86/10万增加到3.45/10万,增长率分别为333%和301%。伴随年龄增加,死亡率、DALY率、YLL率和YLD率均明显上升,在DALY率的占比中,YLD率值虽低于YLL率,但增速较YLL率快。中国归因标化死亡率和标化DALY率的增长趋势显著高于全球及不同SDI地区,AAPC分别高达4.8%和4.9%(P均<0.05),且男性的增长速率较女性更显著。结论:1990-2019年我国归因于高BMI的肾癌负担进行性加重并呈持续上升状态,早死导致疾病负担比重大,伤残疾病负担增速快,尤其是在男性和老年人群中更为显著。对此,积极控制肥胖/超重、加强肾癌早期筛查、注重康复指导和健康干预成为减轻疾病负担的重要措施。展开更多
目的探讨肥胖和血脂相关指标在肾癌患者不同病理T分期中的差异分布。方法回顾性分析在山东肾癌协作网中2019年12月至2022年8月行手术治疗的肾癌患者。收集了所有患者在初始诊断时的临床和实验室特征。分析不同体质量指数(body mass inde...目的探讨肥胖和血脂相关指标在肾癌患者不同病理T分期中的差异分布。方法回顾性分析在山东肾癌协作网中2019年12月至2022年8月行手术治疗的肾癌患者。收集了所有患者在初始诊断时的临床和实验室特征。分析不同体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)分组与患者手术切除范围和病理T分期之间的相关性。同时,分析在不同病理T分期中,血脂相关指标和其他血清指标的差异分布。结果本研究纳入肾癌患者共1671例,其中含有BMI资料的肾癌患者共961例,体重不足者10例、正常体重者200例、超重者217例、肥胖者534例。与超重、正常体重和体重不足的肾癌患者相比,在肥胖的肾癌患者中行肾部分切除术的患者占比明显升高,达到58.43%。进一步分析发现在不同BMI分类中,T1期的肾癌占比最大;随着BMI的升高,T1期肾癌所占的比例逐步升高,由体重不足组的50.00%逐步升到肥胖组的85.39%。亚组分析显示,在不同BMI分类中,T1a期的肾癌占比最大;随着BMI的升高,T1a期肾癌所占的比例逐步升高。同时发现,随着病理T分期的增加,总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B、淋巴细胞、血红蛋白、白蛋白、总胆红素和谷丙转氨酶的水平逐步降低。随着病理T分期的增加,脂蛋白a、同型半胱氨酸、白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板、乳酸脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶的水平升高。结论在肾癌患者中,BMI分级与患者的手术切除范围、病理T分期有关;部分血脂相关指标和其他血清相关指标在肾癌患者的不同病理T分期中分布有差异,具有进一步深入研究的临床价值。展开更多
文摘Kidney transplantation is the best replacement treatment for the end-stage renal disease.Currently,the imbalance between the number of patients on a transplant list and the number of organs available constitutes the crucial limitation of this approach.To expand the pool of organs amenable for transplantation,kidneys coming from older patients have been employed;however,the combination of these organs in conjunction with the chronic use of immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of incidence of graft small renal tumors.This narrative review aims to provide the state of the art on the clinical impact and management of incidentally diagnosed small renal tumors in either donors or recipients.According to the most updated evidence,the use of grafts with a small renal mass,after bench table tumor excision,may be considered a safe option for high-risk patients in hemodialysis.On the other hand,an early small renal mass finding on periodic ultrasound-evaluation in the graft should allow to perform a conservative treatment in order to preserve renal function.Finally,in case of a renal tumor in native kidney,a radical nephrectomy is usually recommended.
文摘Multiphasic multidetector computed tomography(CT)forms the mainstay for the characterization of renal masses whereas magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)acts as a problem-solving tool in some cases.However,a few of the renal masses remain indeterminate even after evaluation by conventional imaging methods.To overcome the deficiency in current imaging techniques,advanced imaging methods have been devised and are being tested.This review will cover the role of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,shear wave elastography,dual-energy CT,perfusion CT,MR perfusion,diffusion-weighted MRI,blood oxygen leveldependent MRI,MR spectroscopy,positron emission tomography(PET)/prostate-specific membrane antigen-PET in the characterization of renal masses.
文摘Increased abdominal imaging has led to an increase in the detection of the incidental small renal mass(SRM). With increasing recognition that the malignant potential of SRMs is heterogeneous, ranging from benign(15%-20%) to aggressive(20%), enthusiasm for more conservative management strategies in the elderly and infirmed, such as active surveillance(AS), have grown considerably. As the management of the SRM evolves to incorporate ablative techniques and AS for low risk disease, the role of renal mass biopsy(RMB) to help guide individualized therapy is evolving. Historically, the role of RMB was limited to the evaluation of suspected metastatic disease, renal abscess, or lymphoma. However, in the contemporary era, the role of biopsy has grown, most notably to identify patients who harbor benign lesions and for whom treatment, particularly the elderly or frail, may be avoided. When performing a RMB to guide initial clinical decision making for small, localized tumors, the most relevant questions are often relegated to proof of malignancy and documentation(if possible) of grade. However, significant intratumoral heterogeneity has been identified in clear cell renal cell carcinoma(ccRCC) that may lead to an underestimation of the genetic complexity of a tumor when single-biopsy procedures are used. Heterogeneous genomic landscapes and branched parallel evolution of ccRCCs with spatially separated subclones creates an illusion of clonal dominance when assessed by single biopsies and raises important questions regarding how tumors can be optimally sampled and whether future evolutionary tumor branches might be predictable and ultimately targetable. This work raises profound questions concerning the genetic landscape of cancer and how tumor heterogeneity may affect, and possibly confound, targeted diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. In this review, we discuss the current role of RMB, the implications of tumor heterogeneity on diagnostic accuracy, and highlight promising future directions.
文摘AIM: To evaluate outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy performed for posterior renal tumors via a transperitoneal or retroperitoneal approach.METHODS: Retrospective review was performed for patients who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(RALPN) for a posterior renal tumor between 2009-2015. Patient demographic characteristics, operative factors, pathology, oncologic outcomes, renal function, and tumor complexity were obtained. Radius of the tumor, exophytic/endophytic properties of the tumor, nearness of tumor to the collecting system, anterior/posterior position, location relative to the polar line(RENAL) nephrometry scores were calculated. nephrometry scores were calculated. The operative approach was determined by the primary surgeon. RESULTS: A total of 91 patients were identified who underwent RALPN for a posterior renal tumor. Fifty-four procedures were performed via the retroperitoneal(RP) approach, and 37 via the transperitoneal(TP) approach. There were no significant differences in patient factors(race, sex, age and body mass index), RENAL nephrometry scores, tumor size, conversion rates, or margin status. Among procedures performed on-clamp, therewas no significant difference in warm ischemia times. Total operative time(180.7 min for RP vs 227.8 min for TP, P < 0.001), robotic console time(126.9 min for RP vs 164.3 min for TP, P < 0.001), and median estimated blood loss(32.5 m L for RP vs 150 mL for TP, P < 0.001) were significantly lower via the RP approach. Off-clamp RALPN was performed for 31(57.4%) of RP procedures vs 9(24.3%) of TP procedures. Oncologic and renal functional outcomes were equivalent.CONCLUSION: The RP approach to RALPN for posterior renal tumors is superior with regard to operative time and blood loss and the ability to be performed off-clamp.
文摘Objective：To review the natural history and growth kinetics of small renal masses （SRMs）.Data Sources：The literature concerning natural history and growth kinetics of SRMs was collected from PubMed published from 1990 to 2014.Study Selection：We included all the relevant articles on the active surveillance （AS） or delayed treatment for SRMs in English,with no limitation of study design.Results：SRMs under AS have a slow growth potential in general.The mean linear growth rate is 0.33 cm/year,the mean volumetric growth rate is 9.48 cm3/year.The rate of metastasis during AS is below 2％.Some factors are associated with the growth rate of SRMs,including tumor grade,histological subtype,initial tumor size,age,radiographic characteristics,and molecular markers.No definite predictor of growth rate of SRMs is defined at present.SRMs with high tumor grade and the subtype of clear cell renal cell carcinoma may have aggressive growth potential.Conclusions：AS is a reasonable choice for elderly patients with SRMs,who are at high risk from surgery.Progression during observation is the biggest concern while performing AS.There is no definite predictor of progression for SRMs under AS.Percutaneous renal biopsy providing immunohistological and genic biomarkers may improve the understanding of natural history of SRMs.
文摘Objective:Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)has become widely used for treatment of renal cell carcinoma and it is expanding in the field of complex renal masses.The aim of this systematic review was to analyze outcomes of RAPN for completely endophytic renal masses,large tumors(cT2-T3),renal cell carcinoma in solitary kidney,recurrent tumors,completely endophytic and hilar masses,and simultaneous and multiple tumors.Methods:A comprehensive search in the PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was performed in December 2022 for English language papers.The primary endpoint was to evaluate the role of RAPN in the setting of each category of complex renal masses considered.The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the surgical and functional outcomes.Results:After screening 1250 records,43 full-text manuscripts were selected,comprising over 8500 patients.Twelve and thirteen studies reported data for endophytic and hilar renal masses,respectively.Five and three studies reported outcomes for cT2-T3 and solitary kidney patients,respectively.Four studies focused on redo-RAPN for recurrent tumors.Two studies investigated simultaneous bilateral renal masses and five reports focused on multiple tumor excision in ipsilateral kidney.Conclusion:Over the past decade,evidence supporting the use of RAPN for the most challenging nephron-sparing surgery indications has continuously grown.Although limitations remain including study design and lack of detailed long-term functional and oncological outcomes,the adoption of RAPN for the included advanced indications is associated with favorable surgical outcomes with good preservation of renal function without compromising the oncological result.Certainly,a higher likelihood of complication might be expected when facing extremely challenging cases.However,none of these indications should be considered per se an exclusion criterion for performing RAPN.Ultimately,a risk-adapted approach should be employed.
文摘Introduction: The diagnosis of small renal masses and the endophytic tumor approach have become challenging. This study aims to describe exclusively robot-assisted surgery as an alternative nephron-sparing approach for renal intraparenchymal tumors. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed all patients with completely endophytic tumors undergoing robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, treated under the Da Vinci System<sup>®</sup>, aided by intraoperative ultrasound. The patients’ demographic characteristics, perioperative and oncological outcomes were assessed. Results: From a total of 13 partial nephrectomies performed between 06/2010 and 10/2021, all patients underwent nephrotomy. The patients’ mean age was 52 years and the tumor measured mean 2.6 cm. Warm ischemia time was 24 minutes and histopathological analysis revealed that 12 patients had renal cell carcinoma. In a mean 36-month follow-up, no significant renal function alterations were found and no local or systemic recurrences occurred. Conclusion: Robot-assisted access is a safe and effective option for the nephron-sparing technique in completely intraparenchymal renal tumors.
文摘A 50 yr man presented with fatigue and fever. He was found to have a 7.2 cm left renal mass. Radical nephrectomy was done. The mass was HMB-45 negative renal angiomyolipoma. This patient did not have tuberous sclerosis. His fever resolved after the tumor excision. This case is unique because of the unusual morphology and histology of the tumor. It reiterates that getting rid of inflammatory cytokines being produced by the tumor will cause resolution of fever.
文摘Renal cell carcinoma is a common urological malignancy with the unique ability to invade the inferior vena cava(IVC) and to extend into the right atrium of the heart. Of those with Renal cell carcinoma only 4%-25% are found to have IVC invasion and of those only 2%-10% extend into the right atrium. If treated surgically, extension of tumor thrombus is not a determinant of survival; therefore it is imperative to determine the presence and extent of tumor thrombus in order to determine surgical approach and tumor resection. To date this has been primarily accomplished by magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. We present a case of 61 years old African American woman in which transthoracic echocardiography provided a more accurate determination/characterization of the presence and degree of tumor thrombus and extension.
文摘目的:描述和分析1990-2019年中国人群归因于高体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)的肾癌疾病负担变化趋势。方法:基于2019年全球疾病负担研究(GBD2019)部分数据,按照性别、年龄、年份对近三十年归因于高BMI的肾癌人群死亡数、伤残调整寿命年(disability adjusted life year,DALY)、过早死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)和伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)及其年龄标化率等指标分类记录。并采用Joinpoint回归模型计算平均年度变化百分比(AAPC)反映中国与全球以及不同社会人口学指数(socio-demographic index,SDI)地区归因于高BMI的肾癌疾病负担及其变化趋势。结果:从1990到2019年,中国归因于高BMI的肾癌疾病的标化死亡率由0.03/10万上升至0.13/10万,标化DALY率从0.86/10万增加到3.45/10万,增长率分别为333%和301%。伴随年龄增加,死亡率、DALY率、YLL率和YLD率均明显上升,在DALY率的占比中,YLD率值虽低于YLL率,但增速较YLL率快。中国归因标化死亡率和标化DALY率的增长趋势显著高于全球及不同SDI地区,AAPC分别高达4.8%和4.9%(P均<0.05),且男性的增长速率较女性更显著。结论:1990-2019年我国归因于高BMI的肾癌负担进行性加重并呈持续上升状态,早死导致疾病负担比重大,伤残疾病负担增速快,尤其是在男性和老年人群中更为显著。对此,积极控制肥胖/超重、加强肾癌早期筛查、注重康复指导和健康干预成为减轻疾病负担的重要措施。
文摘目的探讨肥胖和血脂相关指标在肾癌患者不同病理T分期中的差异分布。方法回顾性分析在山东肾癌协作网中2019年12月至2022年8月行手术治疗的肾癌患者。收集了所有患者在初始诊断时的临床和实验室特征。分析不同体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)分组与患者手术切除范围和病理T分期之间的相关性。同时,分析在不同病理T分期中,血脂相关指标和其他血清指标的差异分布。结果本研究纳入肾癌患者共1671例,其中含有BMI资料的肾癌患者共961例,体重不足者10例、正常体重者200例、超重者217例、肥胖者534例。与超重、正常体重和体重不足的肾癌患者相比,在肥胖的肾癌患者中行肾部分切除术的患者占比明显升高,达到58.43%。进一步分析发现在不同BMI分类中,T1期的肾癌占比最大;随着BMI的升高,T1期肾癌所占的比例逐步升高,由体重不足组的50.00%逐步升到肥胖组的85.39%。亚组分析显示,在不同BMI分类中,T1a期的肾癌占比最大;随着BMI的升高,T1a期肾癌所占的比例逐步升高。同时发现,随着病理T分期的增加,总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B、淋巴细胞、血红蛋白、白蛋白、总胆红素和谷丙转氨酶的水平逐步降低。随着病理T分期的增加,脂蛋白a、同型半胱氨酸、白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板、乳酸脱氢酶和碱性磷酸酶的水平升高。结论在肾癌患者中,BMI分级与患者的手术切除范围、病理T分期有关;部分血脂相关指标和其他血清相关指标在肾癌患者的不同病理T分期中分布有差异,具有进一步深入研究的临床价值。
