Enhancing Renewable Energy Integration:A Gaussian-Bare-Bones Levy Cheetah Optimization Approach to Optimal Power Flow in Electrical Networks

In the contemporary era,the global expansion of electrical grids is propelled by various renewable energy sources(RESs).Efficient integration of stochastic RESs and optimal power flow(OPF)management are critical for network optimization.This study introduces an innovative solution,the Gaussian Bare-Bones Levy Cheetah Optimizer(GBBLCO),addressing OPF challenges in power generation systems with stochastic RESs.The primary objective is to minimize the total operating costs of RESs,considering four functions:overall operating costs,voltage deviation management,emissions reduction,voltage stability index(VSI)and power loss mitigation.Additionally,a carbon tax is included in the objective function to reduce carbon emissions.Thorough scrutiny,using modified IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 118-bus systems,validates GBBLCO’s superior performance in achieving optimal solutions.Simulation results demonstrate GBBLCO’s efficacy in six optimization scenarios:total cost with valve point effects,total cost with emission and carbon tax,total cost with prohibited operating zones,active power loss optimization,voltage deviation optimization and enhancing voltage stability index(VSI).GBBLCO outperforms conventional techniques in each scenario,showcasing rapid convergence and superior solution quality.Notably,GBBLCO navigates complexities introduced by valve point effects,adapts to environmental constraints,optimizes costs while considering prohibited operating zones,minimizes active power losses,and optimizes voltage deviation by enhancing the voltage stability index(VSI)effectively.This research significantly contributes to advancing OPF,emphasizing GBBLCO’s improved global search capabilities and ability to address challenges related to local minima.GBBLCO emerges as a versatile and robust optimization tool for diverse challenges in power systems,offering a promising solution for the evolving needs of renewable energy-integrated power grids.

Lightweight innovation ADIs help development of renewable energy and new technology industries in China

The world is undergoing profound changes in energy and technology.Countries are vigorously developing new sustainable energy sources and technologies.Renewable energy sources encompass various technologies such as wind turbines,solar energy,nuclear energy,and bioenergy.Additionally,emerging technology fields include new energy vehicles,robots,and artificial intelligence devices,among others.The renewable energy industries and implementation of new technologies necessitate the development and adoption of new equipment and components.Austempered ductile iron(ADI)is renowned for its unique microstructure and superior properties.By utilizing ADI,lightweight and innovative castings can be designed to not only reduce weight but also save energy and decrease emissions.More importantly,these castings enhance the efficiency and reliability of new energy equipment and emerging technology installations.This paper describes the development,applications,and future prospects of lightweight and innovative ADI castings within sectors such as solar photovoltaic(PV),wind power generation,industry robots,and trucks in China.

Renewable Polymers in Biomedical Applications:From the Bench to the Market

Polymers from renewable resources have been used for a long time in biomedical applications and found an irreplaceable role in some of them.Their uses have been increasing because of their attractive properties,contributing to the improvement of life quality,mainly in drug release systems and in regenerative medicine.Formulations using natural polymer,nano and microscale particles preparation,composites,blends and chemical modification strategies have been used to improve their properties for clinical application.Although many studies have been carried out with these natural polymers,the way to reach the market is long and only very few of them become commercially available.Vegetable cellulose,bacterial cellulose,chitosan,poly(lactic acid)and starch can be found among the most studied polymers for biological applications,some with several derivatives already established in the market,and others with potential for such.In this scenario this work aims to describe the properties and potential of these renewable polymers for biomedical applications,the routes from the bench to the market,and the perspectives for future developments.

Intelligent Fractional-Order Controller for SMES Systems in Renewable Energy-Based Microgrid

An autonomous microgrid that runs on renewable energy sources is presented in this article.It has a supercon-ducting magnetic energy storage(SMES)device,wind energy-producing devices,and an energy storage battery.However,because such microgrids are nonlinear and the energy they create varies with time,controlling and managing the energy inside them is a difficult issue.Fractional-order proportional integral(FOPI)controller is recommended for the current research to enhance a standalone microgrid’s energy management and performance.The suggested dedicated control for the SMES comprises two loops:the outer loop,which uses the FOPI to regulate the DC-link voltage,and the inner loop,responsible for regulating the SMES current,is constructed using the intelligent FOPI(iFOPI).The FOPI+iFOPI parameters are best developed using the dandelion optimizer(DO)approach to achieve the optimum performance.The suggested FOPI+iFOPI controller’s performance is contrasted with a conventional PI controller for variations in wind speed and microgrid load.The optimal FOPI+iFOPI controller manages the voltage and frequency of the load.The behavior of the microgrid as a reaction to step changes in load and wind speed was measured using the proposed controller.MATLAB simulations were used to evaluate the recommended system’s performance.The results of the simulations showed that throughout all interruptions,the recommended microgrid provided the load with AC power with a constant amplitude and frequency.In addition,the required load demand was accurately reduced.Furthermore,the microgrid functioned incredibly well despite SMES and varying wind speeds.Results obtained under identical conditions were compared with and without the best FOPI+iFOPI controller.When utilizing the optimal FOPI+iFOPI controller with SMES,it was found that the microgrid performed better than the microgrid without SMES.

Characteristics of Biopellets Manufactured from Various Lignocellulosic Feedstocks as Alternative Renewable Energy Sources

The increased valorization of renewable and cost-effective lignocellulosic feedstocks represents a viable,sustainable,and eco-friendly approach toward the production of biopellets as alternative energy sources.The aim of this research work was to investigate and evaluate the feasibility of using various lignocellulosic raw materials,i.e.,raru(Cotylelobium melanoxylon),mangrove(Rhizophora spp.),sengon(Paraserianthes falcataria),kemenyan toba(Styrax sumatrana),oil palm(Elaeis guineensis),manau rattan(Calamus manan),and belangke bamboo(Gigantochloa pruriens)for manufacturing biopellets with different particle sizes.The raw materials used were tested for their moisture content,specific gravity,ash,cellulose,and lignin content.In addition,thermal analyses,i.e.,calorific values,thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),were performed.The following properties of the biopellets produced were investigated:moisture content,volatile matter,ash content,fixed carbon,density,and thermal analyses.Based on an analysis of the raw materials,raru had the lowest moisture content(12%)and ash content(1.5%)and the highest specific gravity(1.2).Markedly,palm oil stem had the highestα-cellulose(55%)and lignin(37%)content.In accordance with the SNI 8675:2018 standard requirements,biopellets with optimal properties(moisture content of 1.4%,ash content of 0.79%,density of 1.09 g/m^(3),calorific value of 4672 cal/g,and TGA residue of 13.9%),were manufactured from raru wood.

Hydroelectric and Hydrogen Storage Systems for Electric Energy Produced from Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable energy sources are essential formitigating the greenhouse effect and supplying energy to resource-scarce regions.However,their intermittent nature necessitates efficient storage solutions to enhance system efficiency and manage energy costs.This paper investigates renewable and clean storage systems,specifically examining the storage of electricity generated from renewable sources using hydropower plants and hydrogen,both of which are highly efficient and promising for future energy production and storage.The study utilizes extensive literature data to analyze the impact of various parameters on the cost per kWh of electricity production in hybrid renewable systems incorporating hydropower and hydrogen storage plants.Results indicate that these hybrid systems can store electricity efficiently and cost-effectively,with production costs ranging from 0.126 to 0.3$/kWh for renewablehydropower systems and 0.118 to 0.42$/kWh for renewable-hydrogen systems,with expected cost reductions over the next decade due to technological advancements and increased market adoption.The novelty of this study lies in its comprehensive comparison of hybrid renewable systems integrating hydropower and hydrogen storage,providing detailed cost analysis and future projections.It identifies key parameters influencing the cost and efficiency of these systems,offering insights into optimizing storage solutions for renewable energy.Moreover,this research underscores the potential of hybrid systems to reduce dependency on fossil fuels,particularly during peak demand periods,and emphasizes the importance of seasonal and geographic considerations in selecting energy sources.The study highlights the importance of policy support and investment in hybrid renewable systems and calls for further research into optimizing these systems for different seasonal and geographic conditions.Overall,the integration of renewable energy sources with hydropower and hydrogen storage offers a promising pathway to a sustainable,economical,and resilient energy future.

A Parallel-type Load Damping Factor Controller for Frequency Regulation in Power Systems with High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable energy sources(RESs)are rapidly devel-oping and their substitution for traditional power generation poses significant challenges to the frequency regulation in pow-er systems.The load damping factor D characterizes the active power of load that changes with power system frequency,which is an important factor influencing the frequency response.How-ever,the value of D is small,resulting in the limitation in fre-quency regulation of the power system.This paper proposes a parallel-type load damping factor controller to enhance load damping factor by utilizing static var generators(SVGs)in sub-stations.Additionally,it discusses the configuration method for the relevant parameters of the controller,evaluates its frequen-cy regulation capability,investigates the impact of large-scale application of the controller on static and dynamic loads,and conducts a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of the damp-ing factor control process on the voltage stability of the main grid.The large-scale application of the proposed controller can significantly improve the frequency regulation capability,and al-most have no influence on the working status of the load.It can also significantly improve the dynamic performance of system frequency.The proposed controller can provide technical sup-port for the frequency regulation of new power systems with high proportion of RESs.

A Review on the Advancement of Renewable Natural Fiber Hybrid Composites: Prospects, Challenges, and Industrial Applications

Naturalfibre(NFR)reinforced functional polymer composites are quickly becoming an indispensable sustainable material in the transportation industry because of their lightweight,lower cost in manufacture,and adaptability to a wide variety of goods.However,the major difficulties of using thesefibres are their existing poor dimensional stability and the extreme hydrophilicity.In assessing the mechanical properties(MP)of composites,the interfacial bonding(IB)happening between the NFR and the polymer matrix(PM)plays an incredibly significant role.When compared to NFR/syntheticfibre hybrid composites,hybrid composites(HC)made up of two separate NFR are less prevalent;yet,these hybrid composites also have the potential to be valuable materials in terms of environmental issues.A new dimension to theflexibility of composites reinforced with NFR is added by the cost-effective manufacture of hybrid composites utilising NFR.The purpose of this study is to offer an over-view of the keyfindings that were presented on hybrid composites.The emphasis was focused on the factors that influence the performance of the naturalfiber composites,diverse approaches to enhancing MP,physical,electri-cal,and thermal characteristics of the HC.HC study in polymer science gains interest for applications in con-struction and automotive industries.

A Two-Layer Active Power Optimization and Coordinated Control for Regional Power Grid Partitioning to Promote Distributed Renewable Energy Consumption

With the large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy,industrial flexible loads,as a kind of loadside resource with strong regulation ability,provide new opportunities for the research on renewable energy consumption problem in power systems.This paper proposes a two-layer active power optimization model based on industrial flexible loads for power grid partitioning,aiming at improving the line over-limit problem caused by renewable energy consumption in power grids with high proportion of renewable energy,and achieving the safe,stable and economical operation of power grids.Firstly,according to the evaluation index of renewable energy consumption characteristics of line active power,the power grid is divided into several partitions,and the interzone tie lines are taken as the optimization objects.Then,on the basis of partitioning,a two-layer active power optimization model considering the power constraints of industrial flexible loads is established.The upper-layer model optimizes the planned power of the inter-zone tie lines under the constraint of the minimum peak-valley difference within a day;the lower-layer model optimizes the regional source-load dispatching plan of each resource in each partition under the constraint of theminimumoperation cost of the partition,so as to reduce the line overlimit phenomenon caused by renewable energy consumption and save the electricity cost of industrial flexible loads.Finally,through simulation experiments,it is verified that the proposed model can effectively mobilize industrial flexible loads to participate in power grid operation and improve the economic stability of power grid.

ANovel Non-Isolated Cubic DC-DC Converter with High Voltage Gain for Renewable Energy Power Generation System

In recent years,switched inductor(SL)technology,switched capacitor(SC)technology,and switched inductor-capacitor(SL-SC)technology have been widely applied to optimize and improve DC-DC boost converters,which can effectively enhance voltage gain and reduce device stress.To address the issue of low output voltage in current renewable energy power generation systems,this study proposes a novel non-isolated cubic high-gain DC-DC converter based on the traditional quadratic DC-DC boost converter by incorporating a SC and a SL-SC unit.Firstly,the proposed converter’s details are elaborated,including its topology structure,operating mode,voltage gain,device stress,and power loss.Subsequently,a comparative analysis is conducted on the voltage gain and device stress between the proposed converter and other high-gain converters.Then,a closed-loop simulation system is constructed to obtain simulation waveforms of various devices and explore the dynamic performance.Finally,an experimental prototype is built,experimental waveforms are obtained,and the experimental dynamic performance and conversion efficiency are analyzed.The theoretical analysis’s correctness is verified through simulation and experimental results.The proposed converter has advantages such as high voltage gain,low device stress,high conversion efficiency,simple control,and wide input voltage range,achieving a good balance between voltage gain,device stress,and power loss.The proposed converter is well-suited for renewable energy systems and holds theoretical significance and practical value in renewable energy applications.It provides an effective solution to the issue of low output voltage in renewable energy power generation systems.

Exploring the Path of Shantytown Renewal Based on the Theory of Environment-behavior Studies: A Case Study of the Northwest Area of Saihantala in Baotou City

The application of environment-behavior studies plays an important role in studying the renewal of shantytowns.One of the most humane ways of renewal is designing and constructing the necessary urban spatial environment from the perspective of human daily behavior.Most of the shantytown renovation projects currently carried out in China are mainly focused on demolition and reconstruction,which not only incurs high costs but also damages the original social structure and economic model.During the process of shantytown renewal,it should improve the urban landscape,living environment,and life quality of residents,and ensure the daily life of shantytown residents without increasing their economic burden,and preserve the traces of urban development.In order to achieve this goal,it should explore the renewal strategies of shantytowns from the perspective of environment-behavior studies through behavior maps,on-site research,and literature review.Updating and design from a human perspective often achieve faster and better development;the renewal of shantytowns should be a bottom-up approach and start from a grassroots perspective,completing the renovation design through the composition of the population and behavioral patterns.

Cultural Complex Design from the Perspective of Urban Renewal: A Case Study of Incheon Geomdan Cultural Complex in South Korea

Urban development should rely on the form of architecture,and incorporating urban planning concepts into architectural design can better assist urban construction.Taking the design of Incheon Geomdan Cultural Complex in South Korea as an example,this paper analyzes how to reflect urban planning elements in architectural design,and studies the role and value of cultural complex architecture in urban development from multiple perspectives such as culture,ecological environment,and public space.It hopes to gain more research and design ideas to promote the development of cultural industries in the region,leverage the advantages of regional cultural formats,and create new cultural settlements in cities.

Design Strategy of Street Space Micro Renewal: A Case Study of Baihuazhou District of Nanchang City

Against the backdrop of incremental planning moving towards stock planning, strengtheningurban public space design to promote high-quality urban development has become a focus of attentionfor domestic scholars. Street is a linear element of urban public space, and it is of great significance forimproving the quality of urban public space by studying the micro renewal design strategy of street space.Based on the interpretation of two urban renewal cases, Wangjing Street in Beijing and Mengzhuiwan inChengdu, taking Baihuazhou area in Nanchang City as an example, this paper analyzes the main problemsin the current situation of street space in Baihuazhou area from three aspects: space use, traffic organization,and waterfront space creation, and explores the micro renewal design strategy of the street space.

Microspace Revitalization Design around Xihuangcun Railway Station from the Perspective of Urban Renewal

Railways within the city carry the historical memory of urban development and are important industrial heritage resources.However,with urban development and changes in transportation functions,railways lose their original application value and are gradually left unused or even abandoned,affecting the vitality of the region.Taking the space around Xihuangcun Railway Station as the research object,the public activity space on both sides of the railway is reshaped through five strategies:function revitalization,traffic revitalization,heritage revitalization,spatial revitalization,and landscape revitalization,and the grey area of the city is transformed into a vibrant development zone of the city.

Renewable Energy: Prospects and Challenges in Bangladesh

Among expert scientists and politicians, there is increasing agreement that it is absolutely necessary to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) to lessen the severity of climate change. Although little, renewable energy sources currently reduce GHG that are being emitted from the energy industries. According to the majority of long-term energy estimates, renewable energy will be a substantial addition to the supply of energy worldwide by the end of this century, as capacity of renewable energy is gradually increasing in the early decades. However, developing nations like Bangladesh are largely reliant on pricey imported energy supplies (coal, gas, and oil) that lay a heavy weight on the country’s economy. Also, air pollution growing in importance as a national and international environmental issue. Regarding the development of clean and sustainable energy, renewable energy sources seem to be among the most practical and efficient alternatives, in both Bangladesh and globally. The geographic advantages of Bangladesh allow for widespread usage of the majority of such renewable energy sources. The comparative potential and use of fossil fuels against renewable energy sources globally and in Bangladesh is explored in this review.

New Opportunities in Large-Scale Equipment Renewal

China’s move to promote a new round of large-scale equipment renewal is set to create an enormous green market.CHINA has placed much emphasis on encouraging large-scale equipment renewal and trade-ins of old consumer goods over the past year,with the topic being highlighted both at the Central Economic Conference held at the end of 2023 and in the government work report of 2024.

Conservation and Renewal Strategies of Industrial Heritage Residential Areas from the Perspective of Heritage Protection : A Case Study of Residential Area of Wuchang Vehicle Factory

The residential area of Wuchang Vehicle Factory is taken as a case to explore the protection and renewal strategies of industrial heritage residential areas.By analyzing the current situation of the residential area,issues such as functional decline,memory loss,and weakened community vitality are revealed.Three design concepts are proposed:building renovation,historical space renovation,and the introduction of cultural and creative industries,aiming to improve the living environment,showcase historical value,cultivate cultural and creative industries,promote economic transformation,and community vitality.This paper could provide reference for the protection and renewal of similar industrial heritage residential areas,and new ideas for the research and utilization of industrial heritage.By comprehensively considering heritage protection,cultural inheritance,and community development,systematic suggestions are proposed.

Renewable Energy Development in OAPEC Countries: History, Current Status, and Outlook

The renewable energy industry has grown its contribution to the global energy mix, particularly in terms of electricity generation. This study investigates the implications of an increasing renewable energy share on OAPEC countries and proposes a comprehensible policy strategy for the region. Four main topics are discussed: scientific and engineering principles of renewable energy utilization, current strategies for electricity generation in each OAPEC member country, economic and environmental implications of the energy transition under two future scenarios, as well as political interactions between oil-consuming and oil-producing countries. Based on this study, realistic and cost-effective strategies are proposed for OAPEC countries to better leverage their significant renewable energy resources while stabilizing fossil fuel supplies and strengthening their position in the global energy market. To mitigate the negative impacts of the energy transition, OAPEC countries are encouraged to take the following steps: 1) Developing renewable energy in conjunction with fossil fuel resources to reduce local demand for fossil fuel and increase the supply for exportation;2) Reviewing economic policies, environmental regulations, and carbon taxes imposed by oil-consuming countries;3) Increasing investment in renewable energy infrastructure;4) Cooperating to achieve a balance between economic development and environmental protection.

Application of Power Electronics Converters in Renewable Energy

Against the backdrop of global energy shortages and increasingly severe environmental pollution,renewable energy is gradually becoming a significant direction for future energy development.Power electronics converters,as the core technology for energy conversion and control,play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency and stability of renewable energy systems.This paper explores the basic principles and functions of power electronics converters and their specific applications in photovoltaic power generation,wind power generation,and energy storage systems.Additionally,it analyzes the current innovations in high-efficiency energy conversion,multilevel conversion technology,and the application of new materials and devices.By studying these technologies,the aim is to promote the widespread application of power electronics converters in renewable energy systems and provide theoretical and technical support for achieving sustainable energy development.

Evolving National Security: A Roadmap from Present to Future in Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Policies (A Technical Review)

This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate dynamics of national security policies in the realm of renewable and nonrenewable energy sources.From the present landscape characterized by the diversification of energy portfolios to the long-term vision encompassing nuclear fusion,this article navigates through the nuanced interplay of technology,resilience,and environmental responsibility.The synthesis of established nuclear fission technologies and evolving renewable sources forms the cornerstone of a strategic approach,addressing challenges and opportunities to ensure a secure,sustainable energy future.