Prediction Model-based Multi-objective Optimization for Mix-ratio Design of Recycled Aggregate Concrete

The prediction model for mechanical properties of RAC was established through the Bayesian optimization-based Gaussian process regression(BO-GPR)method,where the input variables in BO-GPR model depend on the mix ratio of concrete.Then the compressive strength prediction model,the material cost,and environmental factors were simultaneously considered as objectives,while a multi-objective gray wolf optimization algorithm was developed for finding the optimal mix ratio.A total of 730 RAC datasets were used for training and testing the predication model,while the optimal design method for mix ratio was verified through RAC experiments.The experimental results show that the predicted,testing,and expected compressive strengths are nearly consistent,illustrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Flexural Behavior of Recycled Concrete Beams Reinforced with GFRP Bars

This paper experimentally investigated the flexural behavior of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymer(GFRP)bars.A total of twelve beams were built and tested up to failure under four-point bending.The main parameters were reinforcement ratio(0.38%,0.60%,and 1.17%),recycled aggregate replacement ratio(R=0,50%,and 100%)and longitudinal reinforcement types(GFRP and steel).The flexural capacity,failure modes,flexibility deformation,reinforcement strains and crack distribution of the tested beams were investigated and compared with the calculation models of American code ACI 440.1-R-15,Canadian code CSA S806-12 and ISIS-M03-07.The tested results indicated that the reinforcement ratio has great influence on the ultimate load,crack width and deflection of GFRP-RAC beams,the recycled aggregate replacement ratio has little influence on it.However,it was found that the reinforcement ratio has no obvious influence on the cracking load which was only related to the recycled aggregate replacement ratio.The average cracking load decreased by 5%and 15%as the recycled aggregate replacement ratio increased from 0 to 50%and 100%.For the steel-RAC beams,the ultimate load was found to be about 1/2 of the ultimate load of GFRP-RAC beam under the same condition and the trend of strain,deflection and crack width were different from GFRP-RAC beams.This is due to the different material properties of GFRP bars and steel rebar.On the other hand,the calculation results showed that ACI 440.1-R-15 and CSA S806-12 underestimated the ultimate load of GFRP-RAC beams.Moreover,the deflection prediction of GFRP-RAC beams by CSA S806-12 is relatively accurate compared with ACI 440.1-R-15 and ISIS-M03-07.As for the prediction of crack width,the results of ACI 440.1-R-15 prediction were in good agreement with the experimental results at the ultimate load,with the average value of 1.09±0.28.

Influence of Recycled Construction Materials Aggregate on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Concrete

The main purpose of this research is to study the properties of re-use different types of construction materials such as PVC （polyvinylchloride） scraps, clay brick and recycled concrete as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate. Different proportions （1%, 3%, 5% and 7%） by weight were used for PVC. scrap, （10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%） by weight were used for recycled concrete and （5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%） by weight were used for clay brick. Mechanical tests such as compressive and tensile strength tests and physical tests such as ultrasonic pulse velocity, bulk density, porosity, specific gravity and water absorption tests were done to the samples after curing in normal water for 28 days. Test results showed slightly degradation in mechanical and physical engineering properties of concrete specimens that used partial replacement of recycled concrete coarse aggregate, degradation increased with increasing of replacement but test results still closely to reference samples. Use of polyvinyl chloride in proportions not more than 5% as a partial replacement of coarse aggregates given acceptable results in comparison with reference samples but all test results degraded at 7% replacements. Test results of partial replacement of crushed brick coarse aggregates unacceptable and the range of degradation are wide because of increased （water： cement） ratio to improve the concrete workability.

Effects of coarse and fine aggregates on long-term mechanical properties of sea sand recycled aggregate concrete

Typical effects of coarse and fine aggregates on the long-term properties of sea sand recycled aggregate concrete(SSRAC)are analyzed by a series of axial compression tests.Two different types of fine(coarse)aggregates are considered:sea sand and river sand(natural and recycled coarse aggregates).Variations in SSRAC properties at different ages are investigated.A novel test system is developed via axial compression experiments and the digital image correlation method to obtain the deformation field and crack development of concrete.Supportive results show that the compressive strength of SSRAC increase with decreasing recycled coarse aggregate replacement percentage and increasing sea sand chloride ion content.The elastic modulus of SSRAC increases with age.However,the Poisson’s ratio reduces after 2 years.Typical axial stress-strain curves of SSRAC vary with age.Generally,the effect of coarse aggregates on the axial deformation of SSRAC is clear;however,the deformation differences between coarse aggregate and cement mortar reduce by adopting sea sand.The aggregate type changes the crack characteristics and propagation of SSRAC.Finally,an analytical expression is suggested to construct the long-term stress-strain curve of SSRAC.

Long term performance of recycled concrete beams with different water-cement ratio and recycled aggregate replacement rate

The purpose of this study is to reveal the service performance of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)components for different values of water-cement ratio and replacement rate of recycled coarse aggregate(RCA).Generally,the concrete strength decreases with the increase of the replacement rate of RCA,in order to meet the strength requirements when changing the replacement rate of RCA,it is necessary to change the water-cement ratio at the same time.Therefore,the axial compressive strengths of prism with 25 mix proportions,the short-term mechanical properties and long-term deformation properties of reinforced concrete beams were tested respectively by changing water-cement ratio and RCA replacement rate.The bearing capacity and the strain nephogram of samples under different loads were obtained using the Digital Image Correlation(DIC)method,and a self-made gravity loading experimental device was used for long-term deformation investigation.Results showed that the damage pattern of RAC was the same as that of natural aggregate concrete(NAC),but the brittleness was more pronounced.The brittleness of concrete before failure can be reduced more effectively by adjusting the replacement rate of RCA than by adjusting the water-cement ratio.The water-cement ratio has an evident influence on the axial compressive strength and early creep of concrete,while the replacement rate of RCA has a remarkable effect on the long-term deformation of the concrete beams.

GFRP筋再生混凝土梁受弯承载力研究

为研究GFRP筋再生混凝土梁(GFRP-RAC)的受弯承载力,完成了5根配GFRP筋、1根配BFRP筋和1根配钢筋的再生混凝土梁抗弯试验,分析了不同再生骨料取代率、纵筋类型以及纵筋配筋率等因素对各试验梁开裂荷载和极限承载力的影响。结果表明:再生骨料取代率对开裂荷载的影响较大,而纵筋类型及纵筋配筋率对其影响不明显;当再生骨料取代率由0增加至50%和100%时,试验梁开裂荷载分别减小了7.9%和17.3%;极限承载力受再生骨料取代率影响较小而受纵筋配筋率影响较大,当GFRP-RAC梁纵筋配筋率由0.38%提高至0.6%和1.17%时,极限荷载分别提升了17.9%和52.5%。另外,结合国内外规范对GFRP-RAC梁的受弯承载力进行对比分析,并基于试验数据和相关试验结果的回归分析,得到开裂荷载修正系数αcr,开裂荷载修正后的计算值与试验值吻合较好。

低强度再生混凝土微观形态与力学性能的相关性研究

建筑垃圾来源复杂,为提高再生混凝土的资源利用,并满足基本工程应用要求,在仅考虑再生骨料密度、吸水和含水率、压碎指标的条件下,采用再生粗骨料混凝土配合比设计法配置低强度再生混凝土,结合切片法和SEM扫描电镜对再生混凝土的孔隙结构变化与微观形貌进行观察,分析水胶比、减水剂、粉煤灰对低强度再生混凝土内部结构的影响,发现当水胶比降低时,再生混凝土内部结构的密实度提升,絮状C-S-H之间更为密实,多害孔的比例降低,抗压和劈裂强度提高;当减水剂掺量提升时,钙钒石(AFt)的含量增加,内部结构更为致密;粉煤灰对再生混凝土的抗压和劈裂强度呈负面影响,降低C-S-H与再生骨料之间的粘结性,内部孔隙率变大,坍落度升高,可降低经济成本。

不同粗骨料取代率下粉煤灰再生混凝土的力学性能研究

为探讨不同再生粗骨料取代率下粉煤灰对再生混凝土力学性能的影响,以及再生混凝土抗折强度与再生粗骨料取代率、水胶比之间的关系,以RC30设计强度等级为基础设计了16组配合比,制作了96块再生混凝土试块,主要进行了再生混凝土的抗压强度试验和抗折强度试验。得出如下结论:随粉煤灰掺量的增加,不同再生粗骨料取代率,抗压强度变化规律有所不同;再生粗骨料取代率为0、30%和40%时,抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增加整体呈下降趋势;而当再生粗骨料取代率为50%时,随粉煤灰掺量的增加,抗压强度先减小后增大。粉煤灰掺量大于20%时,天然骨料混凝土的抗压强度急剧下降,而再生骨料混凝土的抗压强度降低幅度均较小,大掺量粉煤灰在再生混凝土中或将有更大的应用空间。通过观察抗折强度试件破坏断面,分析再生混凝土变形破坏特征。粉煤灰的掺入提高了天然骨料混凝土的抗折强度,且掺量为20%强度最高。再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,随粉煤灰掺量变化抗折强度整体呈下降趋势,但下降幅度很小;再生粗骨料取代率为40%和50%时,呈先减后增再减的趋势。天然骨料混凝土的折压比随粉煤灰掺量的增加而提高;再生混凝土折压比随粉煤灰掺量的变化趋势与抗折强度一致,但变化幅度略小。粉煤灰对再生混凝土抗折强度的影响大于抗压强度;再生粗骨料取代率为30%,粉煤灰掺量为10%为较优掺量。提出再生混凝土抗折强度预测式。

圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱滞回性能试验研究

为探究废弃黏土砖再利用的可行性,对6根圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱的滞回性能进行了系列试验研究。以不同钢管厚度(4、6 mm)、砖骨料取代率(0%、50%、100%)、轴压比(0.05、0.25、0.50)为参数,得到了试件在往复荷载作下的失效模态、骨架曲线和滞回曲线,并对构件的刚度退化、滞回性能、峰值承载力、延性、承载力退化和耗能能力等抗震性能指标的变化规律分析。结果表明:试件的失效模式表现为底部发生鼓曲、开裂,出现塑性铰的区域核心混凝土破碎,与普通钢管混凝土相似;砖骨料取代率和轴压比的增加会降低试件的承载力,钢管厚度的增加会提高试件的承载力。试件的滞回曲线饱满,表现出不明显的捏缩,表明耗能能力较好;轴压比的增加导致试件的变形能力降低,加快了刚度和承载力的退化速度,增长钢管厚度可以提高试件的变形能力;砖骨料取代率对试件刚度退化、延性、承载能力和耗能能力的影响有限。

偏高岭土强化废弃砖粗骨料再生混凝土的性能研究

随着我国基建的大力发展,大量的老旧建筑因承载能力不足而被拆除,废弃材料也急剧增多,同时,天然灾害也是建筑物被破坏的重要因素,它会影响建筑材料的使用寿命。废砖占建筑垃圾很大部分,废弃砖的抗压、抗拉性能差,极易破碎被废弃。废弃砖骨料经过破碎、清洗、筛分后被用作再生粗骨料。为研究废弃砖骨料替代率、偏高岭土替代水泥的量、废弃砖再生混凝土的力学及耐久性能,通过SEM电镜等方式,对废弃砖再生骨料混凝土的微观结构进行研究,根据试验发现废弃粘土砖替代率为30%,偏高岭土的掺量为6%时抗压强度最高,再生混凝土的抗氯离子性能较好。

粗骨料取代率对机制砂再生混凝土高温性能的影响

为探究不同粗骨料取代率对机制砂再生混凝土(RCM)高温性能的影响,以不同粗骨料取代率(0%、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%,质量分数)制备RCM并研究其单面受高温后的表面形貌、质量损失率、抗压强度、荷载变形曲线及微观形貌。结果表明,粗骨料取代率在40%~60%时,在低于600℃的高温试验下RCM表现良好。当温度在200℃时,各组试块表面形貌变化不大,质量损失率较小,抗压强度略微上升;当温度在400℃时,各组试块表面开始出现裂缝,质量损失率为4.35%~6.47%,抗压强度开始下降,此时粗骨料取代率影响不大;当温度达到600℃时,表面形貌变化明显,质量损失率上升到6.42%~8.70%,抗压强度最终降低到基准强度的80%左右,此时粗骨料取代率在40%~60%的试块表现良好;当温度达到800℃时,各组试块表面形貌变化进一步加剧,粗骨料取代率大于60%的试块受影响非常明显,同时各类性能参数表明混凝土已完全丧失工作性能。

机制砂全再生粗骨料混凝土的力学性能

为探究骨料类型、水灰比与石粉含量对机制砂全再生粗骨料混凝土力学性能的影响,制备了不同石粉质量分数(5%、10%和15%)和不同水灰比(0.50、0.37和0.32)的全再生骨料混凝土试件.以72个立方体试件用于抗压强度试验,72个圆柱体试件用于弹性模量试验.结果表明,合理的石粉含量能有效提高再生骨料混凝土的力学性能,但在不同的水灰比下,最佳石粉含量存在差异;当水灰比和石粉含量双因素交互作用时,水灰比为0.32、石粉质量分数为15%的再生混凝土力学性能达到最优.构建了机制砂再生粗骨料混凝土抗压强度、弹性模量与水灰比、石粉含量的关系模型,计算结果的标准差与离散系数均不超过5%,模型精度良好.研究成果可为提高再生骨料混凝土力学性能及其工程应用提供理论依据.

不同替代率下再生混凝土抗冻性能影响研究

为了研究9.5~16 mm粒径范围内的再生粗骨料等质量替代同粒径范围内天然粗骨料后对再生混凝土抗冻性能的影响,分别采用普通干燥再生粗骨料和高强水泥砂浆包裹再生粗骨料2种状态下的再生粗骨料,以替代率为0%、10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%、90%、100%等质量替代天然粗骨料,分别配制11种C30混凝土,将天然混凝土作为参照,对不同替代率下的再生混凝土试块进行冻融试验。结果表明,普通干燥再生粗骨料替代率为50%时其抗冻性能与天然混凝土抗冻性能基本相同;高强水泥砂浆包裹后再生粗骨料对应再生混凝土抗冻性能均劣于天然混凝土抗冻性能。

骨料粒径与取代率影响下再生砂浆收缩性能研究

为量化骨料粒径与取代率对再生砂浆收缩性能的影响,采用再生细骨料制备水泥砂浆,研究再生砂浆1 d内自生收缩和180 d内自生收缩以及干燥收缩变形.研究结果表明:随骨料粒径的减小,再生细骨料砂浆1 d内自生收缩变形逐渐降低,在24 h时再生细骨料砂浆的自生收缩值为普通砂浆的25.20%~69.68%,28 d之后再生砂浆的自生收缩变形开始大于普通砂浆,180 d时再生砂浆的自生收缩值较普通砂浆增加2.39%~10.70%;再生细骨料砂浆的干燥收缩随骨料粒径的减小而增大,180 d时再生砂浆的干燥收缩值与普通砂浆相比增加12.65%~50.30%;在骨料相同的前提下,随着再生细骨料取代率的增大,砂浆自生收缩变形可以得到有效缓解,干燥收缩变形也逐渐减小;与骨料与水泥体积比(S/C)取1相比,当S/C分别取2和3时再生砂浆的180 d干燥收缩值分别降低41.90%和55.83%.该研究可为再生细骨料砂浆收缩性能研究补充试验数据,对后续相关研究具有一定的参考价值.

再生粗骨料和高炉矿渣砂配合比对混凝土性能的影响分析

再生骨料混凝土造价相对低廉,环保性能优异,在各类建筑工程中具有广泛应用价值,但工程实践中由于其耐久性较低、强度水平较差,导致难以得到广泛应用。为解决这一问题,设计几种不同高炉矿渣砂和再生骨料配合比添加到混凝土中,设计实验探究各组混凝土性能差异,分析添加高炉矿渣砂、再生粗骨料的改性混凝土抗冻融性能、抗压强度性能和泌水性能差异。实验结果显示,使用高炉矿渣砂和再生粗骨料制备的混凝土相较普通混凝土而言,养护龄期为28 d时抗压强度已经十分接近,另外采用高炉矿渣砂替代50%天然骨料碎砂石和再生粗骨料制备所得混凝土抗冻融性能和泌水性能得到显著改善。

高炉矿渣砂和再生粗骨料配合比对混凝土性能的影响分析

针对再生骨料混凝土所面临的耐久性及强度不足的问题,设计多种配比的混凝土试样,引入不同含量的高炉矿渣砂与再生骨料进行复合改性。通过对各组试样进行系统的性能评估,分析高炉矿渣砂与再生粗骨料的复合使用对混凝土抗冻融性、抗压强度及泌水性的影响。研究结果表明,经过28 d养护,掺入高炉矿渣砂和再生粗骨料的混凝土的抗压强度已与常规混凝土的抗压强度相当。采用高炉矿渣砂替代50%破碎砂所制备的混凝土的抗冻融性能和泌水性能得到显著提升。

再生混凝土的抗压强度研究

设计并完成了 2 6 4块再生混凝土立方体试块抗压强度试验 ,系统地研究了再生混凝土的抗压强度与再生粗骨料取代率、水灰比、龄期以及表观密度之间的关系 .通过对比分析 ,得到如下结论 :再生粗骨料的取代率对再生混凝土各龄期抗压强度影响很大 ;再生粗骨料取代率不同 ,再生混凝土抗压强度与水灰比的关系不尽相同 ;再生混凝土的抗压强度的发展规律不同于天然混凝土 ;再生混凝土的抗压强度与其密度之间基本上为线性关系 ;通过调整水灰比可以使再生混凝土获得满足设计要求的抗压强度 .最后结合试验结果给出了各种再生粗骨料取代率时能够达到设计强度为 30MPa的水灰比 .

再生混凝土框架柱抗震性能试验研究

进行了再生粗骨料取代率分别为0%、50%、100%的3个再生混凝土框架柱低周反复荷载的对比试验,在相同轴压比、不同取代率的情况下,对普通混凝土与再生混凝土框架柱、再生混凝土框架柱之间不同取代率的破坏形态、滞回特性、延性性能、耗能特性等问题进行了对比分析。试验结果表明再生混凝土与普通混凝土框架柱的破坏过程相似,前者的滞回特性、延性和耗能均满足抗震要求,因此在有抗震设防要求地区的框架中采用再生混凝土是可行的,但再生混凝土较普通混凝土框架柱构件延性减小,耗能能力降低,不建议直接采用原有设计方法,需进行合理的构造加强措施。

再生混凝土基本力学性能试验及应力应变本构关系

以设计强度为C30的废弃混凝土为再生粗骨料制备再生混凝土试件,其中66个标准棱柱体试件和33个150mm×150mm×550mm棱柱体试件,分别进行棱柱体抗压强度、抗折强度、弹性模量及泊松比试验,研究了不同再生粗骨料取代率下再生混凝土的基本物理力学性能,提出了再生混凝土应力-应变本构方程.结果表明:随着再生粗骨料取代率的增加,标准龄期再生混凝土棱柱体抗压强度略有提高,其应力-应变全过程曲线的形状与普通混凝土相似,在曲线的上升段,再生粗骨料混凝土的曲线与天然骨料混凝土基本重合,但在下降段,则再生混凝土的曲线变得更为陡峭;标准龄期的同批次再生混凝土抗折强度与棱柱体抗压强度的比值约为0.12,棱柱体抗压强度与其立方体抗压强度的平均比值为0.87;再生粗骨料取代率对再生混凝土的强度指标影响不大,各种取代率再生混凝土的抗折强度和棱柱体抗压强度与天然骨料混凝土实测值接近;对同批次静置2a的长龄期再生混凝土所测棱柱体抗压强度较标准龄期实测值有较大幅度提高,增大值为16.87%;长龄期再生混凝土的弹性模量较普通混凝土有较大提升,但泊松比的变化不明显,其值相对稳定,且在高取代率时其泊松比数值比普通混凝土有所降低.

再生混凝土的物理与力学性能试验研究

为了研究再生混凝土的基本性能,以某项目中服役预应力混凝土电杆为再生粗骨料来源,进行物理性能试验。以再生粗骨料取代率为设计参数,制作4组立方体标准试块和4组棱柱体标准试块,进行强度试验。测定再生粗骨料的表观密度、堆积密度、吸水率和含水率等物理性能指标,获取立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、泊松比和弹性模量等力学性能指标,并引入取代率影响因子,修正再生混凝土强度指标之间的换算关系和弹性模量计算公式,研究结果表明:随着取代率的增加,强度总体上呈现出"中间大,两头小"的变化趋势;再生混凝土的泊松比、弹性模量变化幅度较小,处于工程误差允许范围之内;修正后的强度指标换算关系表达式和弹性模量的计算式简单实用,拟合优度高,分别达到了0.994和1.000。