Comparing the Cost and Time of Tender Opening Committee Report Preparation for Manual and E-Procurement Tenders in the Roads and Highways Department of Bangladesh

Bangladesh’s public procurement system has been traditional, i.e., a manual tendering system, under the legislative guidance of PPA-2006 and PPR-2008. Manual tendering has long been a source of concern for public procurement agencies regarding tender opening related to cost and time. To resolve this challenge and make the dream of a Digital Bangladesh a reality, the Government of Bangladesh launched the e-Procurement system in 2011 under the flagship of e-GP Guidelines. Following the successful pilot testing conducted under the umbrella of the CPTU, all public PEs are attempting to implement electronic procurement tenders. This study aims to examine the cost and time involved in preparing Tender Opening Committee (TOC) Reports for manual and e-procurement tenders in Bangladesh’s Roads and Highways Department. A mixed-method was used to collect data from the population of 11 RHD zones, including KII and primarily survey questionnaires. The independent samples t-test was used to compare data and hypothesis tests from two groups using SPSS software. The results indicated that e-Procurement tendering, tender opening preparation costs and time were more efficient than manual tendering. Academicians, students, practitioners, researchers, and policymakers will benefit from the study’s conclusions. Additionally, the government will be urged to improve policies such as the PPA 2006, the PPR 2008, and the 2011 e-GP Guideline.

Theoretical discussion and framework design of natural resources balance sheet preparation: Based on double standard goal management

"Decision-making usefulness" and "entrusted performance" are not only the goals to be achieved by natural assets statistics, but also the requirements for the state to implement the resignation of leading cadres for auditing and environmental compensation. After the 18th National Congress was convened, the integration of natural resources and the audit of departing cadres further promoted the development of natural resource balance sheet research. Based on the related theories of the development of natural resource assets, this paper starts with its composition, bases its resources on value-added information transmission, and ecological restoration, combines China's unique natural resources, and discusses the basis for the preparation of China's natural resources balance sheet based on dual objectives, goals and framework design. While investigating the report on natural resources, the new concept of natural assets and liabilities emphasizes the relative independence of assets, namely: economic value and potential ecological benefits; past and contingent liabilities, i.e., due to excessive resources Direct losses brought about by mining and potential ecological costs, remediation costs, and repair costs. Finally, referring to SEEA2012 and combining with the specific conditions of China's natural resources, we will discuss not only the physical measurement but also the value measurement for its framework design, constituent elements, and reporting methods.

Directions For Preparing A Feasibility Study Report

Foreign investors wishing to establish a joint venture with a Chinese partner in China are requested to submit a feasibility study report to the department in charge as done abroad. The article given below describes how to write a feasibility study report according to the Chinese practical situation.