Measuring National-level Research Production under Fractional Counting:China versus the U.S.

This paper aims to examine the heterogeneity of research production between China and the United States by disaggregating the national research production into its constituent components.Different from previous studies,we introduce the share counting method to determine the number of publications attributed to each country.We analyse bibliographic metadata from over 36 million SCI/SSCI-indexed journal publications published in the period from 2000 to 2021.The research production of China and the United States is decomposed according to the document types,disciplines,and high-impact journals.In the quantitative analysis,the first finding is that China emerged as the world’s largest contributor to SCIindexed publications in 2019 under fractional counting,two years earlier than under whole counting.Surpassing the U.S.in publication count does not indicate a completely surpassing position for China in its scientific production strength,however.When it is divided by document types,China has published a smaller proportion of review-type journal publications than the U.S.;when filtered by disciplines,in the period from 2016 to 2021,China’s research production leads in only 100 of 178 natural science fields and 2of 58 social science fields.The second finding is,when only the number of papers on high-impact journals is considered,China also surpassed the U.S.in 2019;meanwhile,the proportion of high-impact journal papers of China is still lower than that of the U.S.These results reveal that there are different knowledge production patterns in China and the United States.This study contributes to a better understanding of the disparities in research productivity between the top two nations,and suggests several policy implications for China.

The Research Progress of Endogenous Formaldehyde in Aquatic Products

Endogenous formaldehyde in aquatic products is a hot research topic, as it is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper summarized the advance in background concentration, generation mechanism and detection methods of endogenous formaldehyde in aquatic products, and the work in the future was prospected.

Studies on Production Planning of Dispersion Type U3Si2-Al Fuel in Plate-Type Fuel Elements for Nuclear Research Reactors

Several fuel plants that supply nuclear research reactors need to increase their production capacity in order to meet the growing demand for this kind of nuclear fuel. After the enlargement of the production capacity of such plants, there will be the need of managing the new production level. That level is usually the industrial one, which poses challenges to the managerial staff. Such challenges come from the fact that several of those plants operate today on a laboratorial basis and do not carry inventory. The change to the industrial production pace asks for new actions regarding planning and control. The production process based on the hydrolysis of UF6 is not a frequent production route for nuclear fuel. Production planning and control of the industrial level of fuel production on that production route is a new field of studies. The approach of the paper consists in the creation of a mathematical linear model for minimization of costs. We also carried out a sensitivity analysis of the model. The results help in minimizing costs in different production schemes and show the need of inventory. The mathematical model is dynamic, so that it issues better results if performed monthly. The management team will therefore have a clearer view of the costs and of the new, necessary production and inventory levels.

Production-teaching-research of a Commercial Aircraft Corporation in the Chinese Industry Chain

For the future development of a commercial aircraft corporation, this paper focused on the research and technological innovation model in an industrial chain and explored how to promote the sustainable development of technological innovation on the basis of the Chinese aviation industry. It puts forward several ways to reinforce cooperation, such as strengthening policies and regulations, government＇s support for research cooperations, accelerating construction of the production-teaching-research oriented public technology platform and service system, and firming the industry awareness of universities and research institutes, and so on.

Preparation and Performance Research of Cement-based Grouting Materials with High Early Strength and Expansion

Main performance of the cement grouting materials made up by Portland cement（PC） and sulphoaluminate cement（SAC） was investigated in this program, a kind of expanding agent（EA） which was mainly constituted by metakaolin and alunite was utilized for the compensation of the shrinkage, the hydration products and micro structure of the grouting materials were researched by X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The results showed that a high expansion rate of the grouting materials could be reached as the expanding agent mixed in 6% of PC mass; the addition of SAC in the S2（PC：SAC：EA=34：6：2.25） brought a further improvement of the expansion rate of the grouting materials, the analysis of XRD and SEM showed that due to the reaction of expanding agent and SAC in the grouting materials, more ettringite crystal was generated, which resulted in a higher early strength, the addition of SAC played an expansion and strength reinforcement role in the grouting materials.

Impact of systems modelling on agronomic research and adoption of new practices in smallholder agriculture

An analysis of the impact of simulation modelling in three diverse crop-livestock improvement projects in Agricultural Research for Development（AR4D） reveals benefits across a range of aspects including identification of objectives, design and implementation of experimental programs, effectiveness of participatory research with smallholder farmers, implementation of system change and scaling-out of results.In planning change, farmers must consider complex interactions within both biophysical and socioeconomic aspects of their crop and animal production activities.For this, whole-farm models that include household models of food, workload and financial requirements have the most utility and impact.The analysis also proposes improvements in design and implementation of AR4 D projects to improve the utility of simulation modelling for securing positive agronomic and livestock outcomes and lasting legacies.

Agricultural research for development: Investing in Uzbekistan’s future

The paper addresses challenges on organization and funding of research and development (http://www.multitran.ru/c/m.exe?a=110&t=4200527_2_1&sc=0 R&D) in the agricultural sector. The necessity of modernization and reequipment of agricultural sector was validated, which is important sector in the economy of Uzbekistan. The paper covers issues on increasing investments in agricultural research, implementation of results of research work into the agriculture production, strengthening of innovative activities. Also, the possibility of nonstate budgetary financing of scientificresearch process in the agrarian sector was considered. Author’s view is given on the main directions of science that need to be supported as a foundation of further development of agricultural R&D and as a result the agricultural production.

生成式人工智能赋能科研知识生产研究述评

梳理国内外生成式人工智能赋能科研知识生产的研究成果,以期为其理论和实践应用提供参考。本研究主要采用文献计量与内容分析方法,并借助VOSviewer软件从知识生产与传播、生成式人工智能赋能、社会影响与变革、治理路径等四个方面综述国内外生成式人工智能赋能科研知识生产的研究现状。目前生成式人工智能赋能科研知识生产的研究取得了明显进展,但未来还需要深入探索并加强生成式人工智能对科研知识生产的影响因素、赋能科研知识生产全流程、科研知识生产的治理路径,以及拓展与丰富生成式人工智能赋能科研知识生产研究方法等方面的研究。

学术人才流动可以提高科研产出吗?

学术人才的流动一直是学术共同体推动科研生产的重要议题,但是其流动是否能够真正提高科研产出却仍然存在争议。以教育部长江学者特聘教授为样本,使用计量模型检验流动对学者科研产出的影响作用。回归结果表明,流动能够推动学者科研产出的提升,特别是对学者英文发表有着显著的促进效应。以匹配激励效应和知识重组效应展开回归结果的解释和讨论,结合中国高等教育和科技创新国际化发展趋势,匹配激励效应被认为是其中的主要作用机制。政府应完善学术人才流动的制度环境,探索建立对人才流出高校的利益补偿机制,以推动学术人才在学术共同体内的有序流动,同时也要更加注重和引导流动知识重组效应的发挥。

全球疫苗研发现状和展望

频繁暴发的新发突发传染病已成为影响人类公共卫生及健康的重要危险因素,目前接种疫苗依然是应对传染病最关键的手段。新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)疫情以来,无论是创新型疫苗基础技术还是疫苗研发策略均取得了革命性进展,以m RNA技术为代表的第三代疫苗技术逐渐成为一种新兴的疫苗研发方式。本文对近年来的不同疫苗技术特点进行全面梳理,综述了基于不同技术平台的重点疫苗产品的最新研究进展,并展望了未来疫苗研发策略,为疫苗研发工作提供经验和借鉴。

Studies on Capacity Expansion of Fuel Plants for Nuclear Research Reactors

The demand for nuclear fuel for research reactors is rising worldwide. Thus, the production facilities of this kind of fuel need reliable guidance on how to augment their production in order to meet the increasing demand efficiently and safely. We proposed a specific procedure for increasing production capacity. That procedure was tested with data from a real plant, which produces plate-type fuel elements loaded with LEU U3Si2-Al fuel. The test was made by means of discrete event simulation, and the results indicated the proposed procedure is efficient in raising production capacity.

“助”与“替”:生成式AI对学术研究的双重效应

生成式AI应用于学术研究,揭开了知识生产的新篇章,它可以通过“助”读、“助”知、“助”写和“助”思来助力人的学术研究,自动化一些准备性或辅助性的工作,减轻人的认知负荷,使人将主要精力集中学术创新的关键环节,提高学术知识生产的效率。但对于生成式AI辅助功能的过度使用,可能导致“替”读、“替”知、“替”写、“替”思等负面效应,带来人的学术能力多向度退化。如何“助而不替”地合理使用生成式AI,是智能时代人机合作进行学术知识生产的新课题。

鞋类产品设计研发典型模式及其特征研究

对国内外现有鞋类产品设计开发模式进行深入研究,总结当前鞋类产品设计研发类型。特别关注了各模式的运行特征,通过要素分析与比较,对各模式特征进行梳理和总结。此外,对鞋类产品设计研发模式的发展趋势进行了分析预测,以期为从事鞋类产品设计研发领域的专业人士提供有益的参考与借鉴。

数字经济发展如何影响碳生产率?

数字经济发展逐渐成为实现双碳目标的重要途径。基于2011—2020年省级面板数据,建立指标评价体系对数字经济发展水平和碳生产率进行测度,运用中介效用模型、空间面板模型、门槛模型揭示数字经济发展对碳生产率的影响。研究发现:(1)数字经济发展对碳生产率有显著促进作用且存在区域异质性;(2)研发强度和环境规制在数字经济对碳生产率的传导机制中具有明显的中介作用;(3)数字经济促进碳生产率提高的同时也存在空间溢出效应;(4)数字经济对碳生产率的正向促进作用因消费结构水平的不同而存在门槛效应,两者间的关系会随着消费结构水平高低变动而发生变化。研究结论可为精准评估数字经济的减排效应、加速释放数字经济时代的碳生产潜力、统筹制定差异化的数字赋能绿色低碳转型战略提供经验证据和政策启示。

药物临床研究阶段申办者和生产场地变更研究六:临床研究阶段申办者和生产场地跨境变更的风险分析

目的:通过对临床研究阶段申办者、生产场地发生跨境变更时的风险变化进行分析,为申办者和生产场地的跨境变更管理提供参考。方法:基于申办者和生产场地不同组合情形的初始风险评价结果和采取风险管控措施后的风险再评价结果,比较分析不同组合情形之间发生变更时变更前后的“风险指数水平”变化。结果与结论:基于初始风险评价结果,有两种变更情形的风险指数水平在变更后较变更前降低;基于风险再评价结果,有四种变更情形的风险指数水平在变更后较变更前降低。

基于“产学研用”融合的人才培养模式研究与实践——以辽宁工程技术大学机械类专业为例

产教融合、协同育人是应用创新型人才培养战略的重要内容和手段。在实施过程中,紧密围绕高校自身资源和条件,结合研究应用型大学培养目标,深度挖掘基于“产学研用”融合的校企合作人才培养模式和特色,多元化创新其在人才培养中的内涵和外延,促进高校、企业及科研机构的深度融合,发挥企业、大学科技园及孵化器的功能,促进校企双方的共同成长;依托高校教育基金会,探索成立企业-教育基金会“人才培养基金”,通过规范性的项目管理,提升学生科学素养和精准就业能力。通过人才培养模式的研究与实践,使其在振兴东北老工业基地和服务辽西北人才战略中,更好发挥应有作用。

Research on Key Techniques of Collaborative Design System

The development of product is a complex process. Collaboration is necessary to this process to support multi-function teams’ participation in this process at the same time. Effective task decomposition is the prerequisite of collaborative design and constraint network was used to express the relationship among design participants. In order to make the coupling collaborative design go smoothly, a constraint satisfaction model based on dynamic constraint is put forward. An integrated-based conflict resolution model is advanced to resolve the complex conflict during the process of collaborative design.

地方普通本科师范高校科研生产力调查——以某省五校为例

为了解地方普通本科师范高校科研生产力现状,选取某省五所本科师范高校为研究样本,对五校在2011至2020年发表的中外核心期刊文献进行计量分析和横向对比。结果显示,五校的中外文高水平论文发表趋势具有一致性,但科研生产力呈现校际间发展不平衡的特点。研究建议,通过创新培育优势学科教科研团队、优化岗位分类激励教师高水平科研产出、推进高校教育综合改革等措施来提升地方普通本科高校科研生产力等科研竞争力。