RESEARCH ON A NEW TYPE OF MACHINABLE BIOACTIVE GLASS-CERAMICS

A new type of machinable bioactive glass-ceramics for bone substitution has been developed in the glass system SiO_2-MgO-K_2O-F^--CaO-P_2O_5, which contains Mg- muscovite [K_2Mg_5 (Si_8O_(20)) F_4] and fluorapatite as the two main crystal phases. The phase separation and the crystallization of the glass have been studied. A series of tests have showed that the material is good at mechanical property and bioactivity. Espe- cially, by analysing the structure of the interface layer between the material and the bone of animal with scanning electron microscope, electron probe, etc., it has been found that the new bone hydroxya- patite is formed on the surface of the material so that the material is connected firmly with the bone.

A research on building block type miniature harvester

In this invention, the procedure of cutting, conveying, threshing and transporting stalks are carried out by a set of conveying chains ( see figure). The axis of the main drum 2 is placed horizontally transverse (vertical to the forward direction). The upper and the lower conveying chains 8, 10 as well as cutterbar 11 are mounted in the lower part of the axial feed opening. Several star well 9 and plastic stalk-pressing rod are filled at the front of the lower conveying chain, and a spring stalk pressing assembly at the rear. The residue after threshing is discharged by star seels 18, 34. The staiks are placed near the cutterbar 11. Once the stalks are cut off by the cutterbar, they

A research on invasion of different types of meningeomas to their surrounding tissue

Objective To explore the invasion of different types of meningeoma to their surrounding tissue. Methods The specimen from 124 patients with meningeomas,who underwent surgery in Southern Hospital from April 2009 to June 2010 were used to analyze the invasion of different types of meningeomas to their surrounding tissue. All the tumors were resected in the standard of Simposon I. We referred to WHO 2007

新型城镇化背景下的农村社区类型研究——以乾县为例

新型城镇化的快速发展忽略了社区区域环境、自然地理、民俗文化、村民需求等发展特征和内在关联性,导致社区现状资源条件未能得到很好的整合与利用,标准化城市趋同的建设模式导致农村社区模式的“同质化”。文章聚焦新型农村社区的类型研究,以关中地区典型普适性乡村乾县为例,对其新型农村社区建设现状展开调研,试图在复杂多变的建筑空间环境现状中梳理现状特征,归纳现状问题,进而科学有效地提出分类依据,针对五种不同类型社区的村落形态、居住建筑及公共建筑空间环境等特点,提出适宜的建筑空间环境营建建议,目的在于为新型城镇化的可持续发展提供实践支撑。

金芪清疏方治疗肺脾气虚型社区获得性肺炎的临床疗效及对血清炎症因子和免疫功能的影响

目的观察社区获得性肺炎肺脾气虚型患者口服金芪清疏方的临床疗效。方法本研究共收入患者76例,按照随机数字表法分为2组,其中对照组(38例)予西医治疗,治疗组(38例)在对照组的基础上予金芪清疏方口服治疗,连续7 d。治疗前后对患者中医证候积分(包括咳嗽、气短、乏力、纳呆或食少、胃脘胀满或腹胀、自汗)、炎症指标[包括白细胞计数(WBC)、嗜中性粒细胞计数(NE)、C反应蛋白(CRP),白细胞介素6(IL-6),肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α),红细胞沉降率(ESR)]、免疫功能相关指标[包括免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、IgM及T淋巴细胞亚群CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比值]、疗效进行比较。结果2组治疗后中医证候总评分及咳嗽、气短、乏力、纳呆或食少、胃脘胀满或腹胀、自汗各项评分较治疗前均比较降低(P<0.05),其中治疗组治疗后中医证候总分和咳嗽、乏力、自汗评分均低于对照组治疗后(P<0.05);治疗后,治疗组WBC、NE、CRP、TNF-α、ESR、IL-6均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),对照组仅WBC、NE、CRP、ESR、IL-6水平较治疗前降低(P<0.05),其中治疗组治疗后WBC、NE、CRP、ESR、IL-6水平均低于对照组治疗后水平(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后IgA、IgM、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平较治疗前均提高(P<0.05),且均高于对照组治疗后(P<0.05),对照组IgA、IgM、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平治疗前后均无明显变化(P>0.05)。治疗组和对照组有效率分别为97.4%和81.6%,治疗组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论金芪清疏方联合西医治疗可有效改善CAP患者临床症状,尤其是咳嗽、乏力、自汗症状,降低患者相关炎症指标,提高患者免疫功能及临床疗效。

Identification and Evaluation of Low Resistivity Pay Zones by Well Logs and the Petrophysical Research in China

This paper presents an overview of petrophysical research and exploration achievements of low resistivity pay （LRP） zone by well logs in China. It includes geological characteristics and characteristics of well log response of the low resistivity pay zones discovered and evaluated in recent years, as well as the problems in recognizing and evaluating low resistivity pay zones by well logs. The research areas mainly include the Neogene formations in the Bohai Bay Basin, the Triassic formations in the northern Tarim Basin and the Cretaceous formations in the Junggar Basin, The petrophysical research concerning recognition and evaluation of the low resistivity pays, based on their genetic types, is introduced in this paper.

分“门”别类:博士生师门组织类型及其特征的质性研究

师门组织是博士生成长的主要微观环境。师门通常由导师领导和管理,承载着师生、学生之间的学术交流、情感互动等,是区别于院系、研究所等正式组织进行博士生培养的非正式组织。运用质性研究方法,通过对“双一流”高校不同学科的博士生进行深度访谈发现:博士生师门存在理性密集型、理性松散型、自然密集型、自然松散型四种类型;各类师门组织在组织管理方式、组织结构、人员密度、组织氛围、培养成效方面存在差异。相较之下,密集型师门组织比松散型更有利于博士生及时获得指导与支持,师门组织管理过于正式或非正式都不利于博士生成长。良好的师门组织建设只有充分发挥导师的主导作用,注重学科差异和文化建设,才能打造有利于导生共同发展、相互成就的学术共同体。

海洋环境下铝合金腐蚀与防护的研究进展探析

铝合金因具有较好的耐蚀性能和加工性能,并且本身也具有质量轻、强度好等优点,在海洋船舶和海洋工程装备等领域得到了非常广泛的应用。随着对海洋资源的探索,船舶及海洋工程装备领域迎来了快速发展时期。由于海洋环境的特殊性和复杂性,在深海或者极端环境下铝合金也有广泛应用的可能性,在深海油气勘探和极地航行船舶等设备中,铝合金可以作为结构材料,因其质量轻、耐腐蚀性能好,得到了广泛应用,但存在着诸多腐蚀铝合金的因素,给船舶及海洋工程装备的发展造成严重的影响。基于国内外最新相关研究进展,针对铝合金的种类、腐蚀类型、腐蚀监测技术以及腐蚀防护技术进行了综合分析,探究铝合金在海洋环境中的腐蚀行为以及不同的防腐技术,为将来铝合金在深海或极端海洋工程领域的应用以及改善和提高铝合金防腐技术研究提供借鉴。

期刊编辑视角下医学科研中研究类型选择要素

由于研究目的和设计不同,医学研究类型繁多。从医学期刊编辑视角而言,无论选择何种研究类型,均应以生产最佳证据为目的,使成果具有真实性、重要性和适用性。在选择研究类型时,需特别注意以下方面:确保研究的临床相关性和实用性、评估研究设计的严谨性与伦理合规性、考虑研究结果的可重复性和可推广性,并确保所有研究活动均遵守相关的医疗法律法规及伦理指导原则。上述要素对保证研究成果的质量、对医学领域的实际贡献及最终发表的成功至关重要。

带存储的系统的可靠性研究综述

系统可靠性是度量各个系统服务质量的重要指标之一,其可靠性得到越来越多的学者关注。首先总结了带存储的系统在排队系统、制造系统、生产系统、生产库存系统、能源存储系统等不同研究类型中的研究热点;然后利用Citespace软件对不同研究类型中的关键词进行分析,得出目前关键词主要的聚类单元为预防性维护、负荷波动率、任务成功概率等;最后根据目前的研究情况说明了现有研究的主要问题,并给出了研究展望。

21世纪以来西方犯罪小说研究的三个转变

犯罪小说在世界范围内取得巨大商业成功的同时,也引起学术界的高度关注。文章通过对21世纪之前以及近期犯罪小说研究的三个转变呈现西方犯罪小说批评研究趋势,同时展现犯罪小说与世界文学关系的新变。这三个转变依次为:尽管世界经典文学对类型小说的排斥依然存在,新旧世纪之交犯罪小说创作及其研究已进入世界文学研究的视野;其后,“作为世界文学的犯罪小说”概念取得合法性,世界文学研究开始全面接受这一类型并指引其研究方向;近期,加强犯罪叙事个体文本研究以证明其所具有的经典性,从而突破犯罪小说的研究定式成为新的研究热点。当下犯罪小说研究这一类型自源头就具备跨国性和世界性特征,这充分证明了犯罪小说所具有的世界文学属性和自我更新活力。

月球科研站基本型能源系统方案设计与关键技术研究

调研了国内外无线传能技术和燃料电池技术的研究现状,在探月四期工程的整体规划框架下,对月球科研站基本型能源系统任务需求进行分析研究;提出了月球科研站基本型的能源系统组成,对能源系统的功能、工作原理和工作模式进行分析,给出了主要技术指标;对能源系统涉及到的关键技术进行初步分析,包括热电一体化能源综合利用技术、可再生燃料电池高可靠及高效控制技术、小型化高效远场激光无线传能技术、千瓦级近场无线传能技术和复杂多源能源系统稳定性建模与分析技术;基于方案设计和关键技术分析,对后续工作进行探讨,给出了下一步工作建议。

问题驱动的类比法、互动型、研究性教学模式——以电磁学课程建设为例

充分考虑一流课程应具备的高阶性、创新性和挑战度的特点与要求,作者以北京航空航天大学(北航)电磁学课程建设为例,经过近四年在应用物理专业强基计划、物理学专业拔尖计划学生的教学实践中,提出并实施了问题驱动的类比法、互动型、研究性的教学模式,使电磁学课程的教学质量、学生综合素质和创新能力得到持续提升。

Social determinants of type 2 diabetes and health in the United States

Diabetes is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States. To date, most research and resulting clinical strategies have focused on the individual with shortterm health improvements that have not been maintained over time. Researchers more recently have recognized the need to consider the social determinants of diabetes and health along with individual factors. The purpose of this literature review is to examine current understanding of the social determinants affecting diabetes and health. A search of medical and nursing literature was conducted using PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL and MEDLINE databases, selecting articles published between 2000 and 2013. Search terms included: type 2 diabetes, social determinants, and health determinants. Inclusion criteria were: English language, human studies, social determinants of diabetes and health, and research in the United States. Additional search methods included reference chaining of the literature. Twenty research articles met the inclusion criteria for the review and analysis and included quantitative and qualitative methods. All studies selected for this review were descriptive in nature(n = 20). Fifteen studies were quantitative studies and five were qualitative studies. No intervention studies met inclusion criteria. Each study is summarized and critiqued. Study findings indicate that external or upstream factors consistentlyaffect individuals diagnosed with diabetes, influencing self-management. Significant methodological limitations result directly from small sample sizes, convenience or nonprobability sampling, and low statistical power.

科研人员探索式搜索任务类型与特征研究

[目的/意义]随着科技创新进程的加速与深入,科研人员的知识需求逐渐呈现出深度化、模糊化等特征,其知识搜索也大多表现为一种探索性的搜索过程。研究科研人员探索式搜索任务类型与特征有利于细粒度揭示科研人员信息需求特征,为科技信息服务平台的精准化知识服务提供理论依据,从而促进科技知识共享,加快科技创新进程。[方法/过程]以集成电路领域为例,文章采用关键事件技术法和在线问卷调查法进行数据收集,同时基于多重信息搜寻时段模型进行内容分析和编码,并进行数据统计分析。[结果/结论]集成电路领域探索式搜索包括两种任务类型(学习型和研究型)及其13种任务子类型,其中,来源、搜索频率、知识储备需要、复杂度的知识维度和认知维度5个任务属性与任务子类型显著相关,同时各任务属性间的共现结果体现了最常见的任务属性组合。本研究将为更好地理解科研人员的领域知识需求,以及开展后续的科研人员信息搜索行为研究和搜索系统优化提供一定参考。

Studies on Capacity Expansion of Fuel Plants for Nuclear Research Reactors

The demand for nuclear fuel for research reactors is rising worldwide. Thus, the production facilities of this kind of fuel need reliable guidance on how to augment their production in order to meet the increasing demand efficiently and safely. We proposed a specific procedure for increasing production capacity. That procedure was tested with data from a real plant, which produces plate-type fuel elements loaded with LEU U3Si2-Al fuel. The test was made by means of discrete event simulation, and the results indicated the proposed procedure is efficient in raising production capacity.

Effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 analogs in combination with insulin on myocardial infarct size in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus

AIM To evaluate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs(GLP-1 a) combined with insulin on myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury in diabetic rats.METHODS Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) was induced in maleWistar rats with streptozotocin(65 mg/kg) and verified using an oral glucose tolerance test. After anesthesia, the left coronary artery was occluded for 40 min followed by 80 min reperfusion. Blood glucose level was measured during surgery. Rats were randomized into six groups as follows:(1) control rats;(2) insulin(0.1 U/kg) treated rats prior to ischemia;(3) insulin(0.1 U/kg) treated rats at reperfusion;(4) GLP-1 a(140 mg/kg) treated rats prior to ischemia;(5) GLP-1 a(140 mg/kg) treated rats at reperfusion; and(6) rats treated with GLP-1 a(140 mg/kg) prior to ischemia plus insulin(0.1 U/kg) at reperfusion. Myocardial area at risk and infarct size was measured planimetrically using Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, respectively.RESULTS There was no significant difference in the myocardial area at risk among groups. Insulin treatment before ischemia resulted in a significant increase in infarct size(34.7% ± 3.4% vs 18.6% ± 3.1% in the control rats, P < 0.05). Post-ischemic administration of insulin or GLP-1 a had no effect on infarct size. However, pre-ischemic administration of GLP-1 a reduced infarct size to 12% ± 2.2%(P < 0.05). The maximal infarct size reduction was observed in the group treated with GLP-1 a prior to ischemia and insulin at reperfusion(8% ± 1.6%, P < 0.05 vs the control and GLP-1 a alone treated groups).CONCLUSION GLP-1 a pre-administration results in myocardial infarct size reduction in rats with T2 DM. These effects are maximal in rats treated with GLP-1 a pre-ischemia plus insulin at reperfusion.

Prevention of type 2 diabetes in urban American Indian/Alaskan Native communities: The Life in BALANCE pilot study

Objective: The Life in BALANCE (LIB) study is a pilot translational study modeling the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) intensive lifestyle coaching intervention among an underserved, high-risk population: American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs) living in a large urban setting (Las Vegas, Nevada). Research Design and Methods: A total of 22 overweight/obese AI/ANs (age, 39.6 ± 10.4 years;BMI, 34.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2) at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (HbA1c > 5.4 (36 mmol/mol) Results: Only 12 of the 22 participants remained?in the LIB program at the final post-program follow-up. Participants demonstrated significant decreased waist circumference and elevated HDL cholesterol. Triglycerides manifested the highest percentage change without statistical significance. No significant change was observed in blood pressure or fasting blood glucose. Conclusions: LIB participants’ improvements in BMI, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides suggests type 2 diabetes prevention programs aimed at urban AI/ANs show significant potential for reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes among this underserved and high risk community. Qualitative data suggest the main challenge for type 2 diabetes prevention specific to this population is a need for improved community outreach strategies.

输电塔斜材不同节点型式下的受压承载力

为研究节点约束下输电塔斜材受压承载力的计算方法,通过对120根等边角钢的偏心受压承载力试验,分析其最小轴、平行轴布置时的破坏模式、承载力及变形形态,研究不同约束刚度、节点型式对其承载力的影响;结合现行行标公式,针对不同节点连接型式(A、B、C类),提出输电塔斜材受压长细比的计算公式.研究结果表明:长细比小于120时,构件承载力主要受偏心控制,偏心越大,承载力越低;而长细比大于120时,构件承载力主要受约束刚度控制,约束刚度越大,承载力越高;A、C类连接在不同长细比时各具优势,但B类连接的承载力始终低于A、C类连接;国内外规范计算值与试验值均存在较大的偏差,具有一定的局限性,体现在小长细比构件偏心及大长细比构件约束修正不足等方面;所提出长细比修正公式的计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,可用于指导工程设计.

神经重症患者肠内营养治疗模式构建

针对神经重症患者肠内营养(EN)治疗实施现状,采用课题研究型品管圈活动方法,构建基于营养护理程序和模型的神经重症患者EN治疗模式。围绕EN治疗评估、实施、监测3个维度,拟订对策并实施,包括建立神经重症患者EN治疗团队、搭建神经重症患者EN治疗信息化管理平台、构建神经重症患者EN治疗“6A-TO-SAFE”模式等,显著改善了神经重症患者的EN治疗效果。