Caregiving in Alzheimer’s Disease: Research Designs &Considerations

Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias have made a considerable impact on society, and can take a significant toll on familial caregivers. Recent successful caregiving interventions suggest a promising future, though informed research design, a priori, is paramount in ensuring quality results that the Government and public may use to make informed policy and personal healthcare decisions. Research designs including basic science, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), qualitative, and quasi-experimental designs serve as the primary basis for discussion with literary examples and caveats.

Application of evidence-based medicine methods in integrative oncology research

To present the advances of evidence-based medicine and clinical research methodology in integrative oncology,we conducted a literature review of real-world studies of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in cancer care and summarized the available evidence.Pragmatic randomized controlled trials(pRCTs)and clinical registry studies are becoming more popular as they could compensate for the limitations of RCTs.Many RCTs of TCM for cancer treatment as well as systematic reviews have been published.The most investigated therapies are based on acupuncture,Chinese herbal compounds,and Chinese patent medicines.Acupuncture has a significant advantage in relieving cancer-related symptoms.Published studies focus more on improving clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators.However,the patient's quality of life deserves more attention.

Research on Distributed System Course Under the Background of New Engineering

Distributed System Course is a professional computer course of Harbin Institute of Technology.With the guidance of the education strategy under the background of New Engineering,we adhere to the concept of cultivating diverse and innovative outstanding engineering and technology talents.This course conducts research on the teaching content,teaching mode,and evaluation system.It combines the traditional teaching mode with the online teaching mode,as well as problem-driven theories with practice,and adopts a diversified evaluation system.The research of the course has fully mobilized students’learning enthusiasm,improved teaching quality,and achieved significant teaching results.

Synoptic review on existing and potential sources for bias in dental research methodology with methods on their prevention and remedies

The results of years of dental study serve as the foundation for the practise of medicine and,for that matter,dentistry.Doctors may have their own preferences for techniques and materials,but whether directly or indirectly,their decisions are influenced by systematic reviews and meta-analyses.However,due to poorly conducted or presented research,this very basic foundation may not be reliable.Bias in research is one of several factors that might make study results or research itself unreliable.Bias can be introduced into research at many stages,deliberately or unknowingly.Bias can appear at any point during the research process,even before the study itself begins.There are many biases in research,but some of them are more relevant to dentistry research than others.Because it is said that“eyes see what the mind knows”,it is essential to have a complete understanding of the different types of bias,how and when they get entrenched,and what steps may be taken to prevent or lessen them if they do occur.This comprehensive summary of bias in dentistry research is provided by this synoptic review.The goal is to identify gaps and measures that have been taken-or that should have been taken-by providing both descriptive and evaluative summaries,as well as examples from the literature,when needed.

设计研究发展与热点分析——以Design Studies期刊于2007—2021年发表的论文为例

为更好地了解设计研究领域的发展趋势,掌握设计研究过程的前沿热点,以Web of Science数据库收录的核心期刊Design Studies于2007—2021年发表的论文为例,利用文献计量法和VOSviewer可视化工具对发文国家、文献共被引、研究机构、高产作者、高频关键词等方面进行分析。结果表明:设计研究领域发展脉络清晰,英国、美国占据主导地位。近年来的研究热点聚焦于设计实践方法、设计交互理念、设计成果评估与设计解决方案创新等方面;而设计方法开发、设计灵感来源及未来服务设计等主题已成为该领域的研究前沿。结合当前国内设计研究领域发展现状,中国学者需适当兼顾国际期刊发表规律,积极促进与设计过程相关的理论开发与应用,在该领域发出更多“中国声音”。

Research and Design of Reconfigurable Matrix Multiplication over Finite Field in VLIW Processor

Matrix multiplication plays a pivotal role in the symmetric cipher algorithms, but it is one of the most complex and time consuming units, its performance directly affects the efficiency of cipher algorithms. Combined with the characteristics of VLIW processor and matrix multiplication of symmetric cipher algorithms, this paper extracted the reconfigurable elements and analyzed the principle of matrix multiplication, then designed the reconfigurable architecture of matrix multiplication of VLIW processor further, at last we put forward single instructions for matrix multiplication between 4×1 and 4×4 matrix or two 4×4 matrix over GF(2~8), through the instructions extension, the instructions could support larger dimension operations. The experiment shows that the instructions we designed supports different dimensions matrix multiplication and improves the processing speed of multiplication greatly.

Research and Design of IPv6 Network Management and Operations Support System

IPv6 is the foundation of the development of Next Generation Internet (NGI). An IPv6 network management and operations support system is necessary for real operable NGI. Presently there are no approved standards yet and relevant equipment interfaces are not perfect. A Network Management System (NMS) at the network layer helps implement the integrated management of a network with equipment from multiple vendors, including the network resources and topology, end-to-end network performance, network failures and customer Service Level Agreement (SLA) management. Though the NMS will finally realize pure IPv6 network management, it must be accommodated to the management of relevant IPv4 equipment. Therefore, modularized and layered structure is adopted for the NMS in order to implement its smooth transition.

Research on and Design of Mechanical System with Optimal Cutting Movement Trajectory of Energy-Saving Stone-Sawing Machine

The technique of cutting slabstone with stone-sawi ng machine is analyzed completely. A new kind of cutting movement trajectory is gi ven whose actual cutting efficiency is near to 100%. It can reduce the energy w earing greatly, and the surface quality of the product is improved to the utmost extent. The design mechanism of the optimal cutting movement trajectory system structure is analyzed incisively. At the same time, the principle of the complex movement of horizontal movement and swing is researched. The optimal design scheme of th e cutting movement trajectory system structure is set up. The choice method to g et the superior value of the movement system structure is found. The mathematics function formula is established which exhibits the relationship between the par ameter of the complex movement structure and that of the system movement structu re. By the formula, the precision value of the offset can be figured out. The r ule is adapted to different types of energy-saving stone-sawing machines. The complex movement structure of horizontal movement and swing is designed to f ulfill the cutting movement. It can make the saw frame move up with the hanging pod deviating from the vertical direction. At the same time, the saw frame have a down-movement. Then the sum of the two movements is near to zero, and the saw blade and the stone can keep in touch during the whole horizontal cutting. The result is that the actual cutting efficiency is 100%. Also, when the hanging pod moves to the limited position, the saw frame can keep the original inertia, and continue to swing up. It makes the back-cutting have high energy-storing. The optimal design of the eccentricity balance wheel is done. The mathematics fo rmula for expressing the movement system structure is deduced. The calculation m ethod and formula is set up which is used to get the value of important componen ts such as offset. The choice method and formula of elasticity distortion coeffi cient is set up when the saw frame moves smoothly. It is concluded that the offs et is the key dimension to actualize the optimal cutting movement trajectory. The resolving of the technical problems discussed above offers a theoretic and technical basis for optimal design of energy-saving stone-sawing machines.

Engineering Intelligent Racing Concepts Using Design Research Methods

The automotive seat market is positioned to significantly grow over the next five years. Research into how sensor implementation in every day driver cars can enhance driver wellness is becoming increasingly popular and visible in the automotive seat industry. However, in the competitive race car industry,?drivers prioritize driving ability over wellness. To further examine this phenomenon, the Human-Machine Interaction?Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology took a unique approach to developing strong use cases for implementing sensor technology to improve driving ability for race car drivers by combining qualitative and quantitative research data obtained through modern design research and planning methodology. Following a process relying heavily on user-centered design methods, the authors developed a business case concept?for?a sensor-based seat accessory that acts as a competitive racer’s?driving coach?that is able to identify the mechanics of braking, turning, and accelerating through pressure sensors in the driver’s seat pan surface. This technology allows drivers to precisely understand when and how hard to brake, turn, or accelerate out of turns, thus reducing heat times and financial burden for drivers.

全科医学和初级保健横断面研究的基本设计和实施步骤

横断面研究是经典的研究设计方法之一,在临床各个专业中均有广泛的应用。在全科医学研究中大量科学问题的解答采用了横断面研究设计。这其中不仅包括了对人群健康特征,疾病特征或卫生服务现状的调查研究,还包括了面向社区人群的疾病筛查诊断方法构建等多种研究场景。在全科医学领域中,横断面研究可以做现况描述和比较分析,关联因素分析以及社区筛查诊断方法探索。开展横断面研究应包括研究设计和研究实施两个阶段,研究设计包括准确提炼研究目标,明确研究人群,研究因素及结局指标等临床要素以及确定样本获取方式,明确样本量的确定依据及合理的统计分析策略等方法学要素。研究实施,则需要通过完备的研究方案和病例报告表呈现研究设计思路,在伦理批准的前提下开展数据收集工作,同时注重数据管理工作质量并严格执行方案中的统计分析方法,求证医学问题。横断面研究的特点是相比于随访观察研究所需要的研究周期相对较短,不同基础的研究团队都能找到适合的研究方向,通过了解健康医疗现状,从探讨关联因素创建筛查方法等角度,服务社区医疗。

融合创新:数智技术赋能高等教育的新质发展

高等教育作为人才第一资源、研究第一平台、创新第一动力的重要结合点,是推动新质生产力快速发展的重要力量。融合创新作为数智技术赋能高教新质发展的新战略,具有理论创新、思维创新、研究范式创新和实践创新的复合属性。本文首先提出要将融合创新研究和融合创新教育作为跨学科研究的新境界和数智赋能教育创新的新范式,接着深入探讨两者的内涵要素、逻辑机理和实施路径,最后提出以融合创新研究和融合创新教育培养融合创新人才、构建基于团队科学的融合创新文化、改进高等教育融合创新治理体系等促进我国高等教育融合创新发展的策略与建议。

Neutronic design investigation of a liquid injection-based second shutdown system for a typical research reactor using MCNPX

Safety systems, built on state-of-the-art technology, are essential for achieving acceptable levels of plant safety to minimize hazards to the reactor and the general public. The second shutdown system(SSS) as an engineered safety feature and a part of the reactor protection system(RPS) is a means for rapidly shutting down a nuclear reactor, keeping it in a subcritical state and serving as a backup to the first shutdown system(FSS). In this research, one SSS with two types of optimum chamber designs is proposed that take into account the main current characteristic features of the Tehran research reactor with improvements over earlier designs. They are based on a liquid neutron absorber injection that is preferably different, diverse, and independent from the FSS based on the rod drop mechanism. The major design characteristics of this SSS with two different chambers were investigated using MCNPX 2.6.0 code. The performed calculations showed that the designed SSS is a reliable shutdown system, assuring an appropriate shutdown margin and injection time, with no significant effects on the effective delayed neutron fraction while causing minimal variations to the core structure. Further, the reasonable financial cost and the prolongation of the operation cycle are additional advantages of this design.

鞋类产品设计研发典型模式及其特征研究

对国内外现有鞋类产品设计开发模式进行深入研究,总结当前鞋类产品设计研发类型。特别关注了各模式的运行特征,通过要素分析与比较,对各模式特征进行梳理和总结。此外,对鞋类产品设计研发模式的发展趋势进行了分析预测,以期为从事鞋类产品设计研发领域的专业人士提供有益的参考与借鉴。

乡村研学旅行课程设计开发与实践——以门头沟西达摩村为例

在乡村振兴战略的推动下,对乡村旅游与教育结合的新模式———研学旅行及其课程设计开发进行了深入探讨。以门头沟西达摩村为案例,基于其丰富的文化和自然资源,探索了研学旅行作为乡村旅游发展新途径的可行性。依据西达摩村的地理、历史和文化特点,设计开发了一系列研学课程,并通过对课程需求、课程内容、实施策略的系统探讨,提出了西达摩村乡村研学旅行课程的新方案。该方案不仅为学生提供丰富的实践体验,还有助于发展旅游经济,传承乡村优秀传统文化,助力乡村振兴战略的实施。

基于场景化的智能家居设计研究

在智能科技的迅猛发展和人们对便利生活的需求日益增长的背景下,智能家居使用备受人们关注。在此背景下,分析了场景化设计的重要作用,针对智能家居设计存在的技术缺陷给出解决措施,将智能家居产品设计以场景为中心,将场景思维贯穿整个设计过程,以家居环境和用户使用场景作为核心要素驱动智能家居产品的开发与设计。深入了解用户的生活习惯、需求和痛点,通过场景识别技术、系统可编程性和可定制性等技术,提高智能家居产品的适应性与便利性,以期为智能家居设计场景化,产品的设计和开发提供重要依据。

源于教学、服务教学的翻译研究选题与设计——北京外国语大学张威教授访谈录

翻译教学是翻译专业师资的主阵地,也是连接翻译实践与翻译研究的纽带,更是相对独立的研究领域。本次访谈中,张威教授明确了翻译教学的基本特点,强调了对翻译教学研究的整体思考,特别说明翻译教学研究应该明确逻辑范畴、类别属性、研究要素等,确定“四位一体”的选题思路,同时确定跨学科视野、复合方法的设计理念,最后提出教师发展、技术辅助、课程思政等方面的选题建议。

“双线并行、三环往复”:设计过程主导下的风景园林设计研究体系建构

【目的】针对风景园林学科回归实践本质的重要性、消解学术研究与设计实践隔阂的严峻性,风景园林学界需积极确立学术独立自主性,合力厚植符合自身认知特点且逻辑自适的设计研究核心方法论。【方法/过程】通过文献综述、概念分析和理论构建,提出设计研究中为了设计之研究(RfD)、通过设计之研究(RtD)和关于设计之研究(RaD)3种主要类型与设计实践活动前期、中期、后期的对应关系,并建构以设计过程为主导的“双线并行、三环往复”风景园林设计研究体系。【结果/结论】“双线并行”为同体孪生的设计型研究和研究型设计,设计型研究包括RfD、RtD、RaD3种研究类型,研究型设计包括前馈设计、过程迭代设计和反馈设计3种设计类型。此6种类型分别落位于设计前、中、后3个环节,设计过程和研究活动相辅相成、循环往复,有利于共同孵化设计成果和研究成果,弥补设计与研究分置的问题。

Relationship between age and subfoveal choroidal thickness and its clinical implications

The retrospective study by Lei et al is an investigation of the relationship between age and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)in Chinese patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Elements of the study design prevent the generalizability of the study findings,limiting their clinical implications.We recommend consideration of stricter eligibility criteria,other variables like duration of diabetes,interpretation of gender-differences in SFCT,longitudinal follow-up,use of newer choroidal flow indices,comparison of values with normal controls,subgroup analysis to determine the effect of prior treatment,as well as consideration of various real-world scenarios in future studies.

确保设计研究有用的核心之一:设计参数与研究调参路径

【目的】通过揭示景观设计实践与科研的错位,强调设计参数的重要性并提出“通过研究调整设计参数”(简称研究调参)策略及可行路径,从而确保研究对设计实践有用,以应对日趋复杂和综合的景观设计需求。【方法/过程】首先,明晰设计参数的定义和分类;其次,针对设计参数的系统化研究思维,阐释研究调参的基本逻辑及具体路径。【结果/结论】研究调参是设计研究的核心抓手之一,其关键在于将设计参数转化为研究假设和自变量,设计参数可分为理念模式和物质环境两类。提出4种研究调参的路径:针对现在的“理念模式对比”和“物质环境差异”,以及针对未来的“理念模式情景”和“物质环境调参”。通过延展研究内容和实践重点,将研究调参的可行路径拓展至8种,进而促使设计研究区别于其他专业的研究,确保设计研究的实用性,更好地推动寻解研究以及循证设计。

基于公共数据库的“医学科研设计”全流程沉浸式案例教学探讨

为培养医学生创新思维及科研能力,医学院校大多开设了“医学科研设计”等课程。然而,该课程现有教学方式存在内容联结不紧密,学生课堂参与度不高,对学生实践能力提升不够等问题。为此,笔者提出基于公共数据库的全流程沉浸式案例教学方式。以Dryad等公共数据库的真实临床研究案例为基础,深度剖析研究案例,科学有机地设计和整合授课内容,涵盖文献检索、研究背景与综述撰写、研究设计与方案制定、数据分析与结果展示、论文撰写与发表,以及成果推广与转化等内容。案例教学法贯穿该课程整个教学过程,通过“亲身经历”的形式,激发学生的学习兴趣,让学生通过线上线下课堂“参与”科研,以实现科研理论与实践能力双提升的目标。