Research surveys and their evolution:Past,current and future uses in healthcare

Research surveys are believed to have originated in antiquity with evidence of them being performed in ancient Egypt and Greece.In the past century,their use has grown significantly and they are now one of the most frequently employed research methods including in the field of healthcare.Modern validation techniques and processes have allowed researchers to broaden the scope of qualitative data they can gather through these surveys such as an individual’s views on service quality to nationwide surveys that are undertaken regularly to follow healthcare trends.This article focuses on the evolution and current utility of research surveys,different methodologies employed in their creation,the advantages and disadvantages of different forms and their future use in healthcare research.We also review the role artificial intelligence and the importance of increased patient participation in the development of these surveys in order to obtain more accurate and clinically relevant data.

Research Surveys of Electrochemical Sensors for in-situ Determining Hydrogen in Steels

The principle, construction and application of two types of electrochemical sensors-amperometric and potentiometric are surveyed. Both types of sensors are very sensitive to changes in temperature. The accuracy of hydrogen measurement depends on both the precision of sensors developed and the reliable technique of installation and security of sensors. The two types of sensors have been used for in-situ determining hydrogen permeated in steels owing to a corrosive reaction, a hydrogen gas circumstance at elevated temperatures and high pressure or also a pretreatment process such as pickling and plating process, etc.

Understanding Environmental Worldview of Famagusta Residents and Its Determinants through Survey Research

Environmental attitude studies have been a key focus within the environmental research field, as the significance of ecological citizenship for the sustainable development discourse has been highly recognized in recent years. In this context, the influence of demographic variables on environmental attitude is an emerging issue that is widely investigated in the west. In this respect, this paper seeks to understand the impact of demographic variables on the environmental worldview of Famagusta residents in order to make a scientific contribution to the possible construction of relevant strategies. A random sample of 165 residents within the territory of Famagusta Municipality was chosen for the survey. The survey tapped the relationship between environmental （ecocentric and anthropocentric） attitudes and selected demographic variables （age, gender, education and household income） and the survey results were evaluated with the help of SPSS （statistical package for social sciences） analyses. The findings reveal that younger respondents, women and the highly educated do not achieve higher scores of environmental attitudes and household income has a statistically significant nonlinear effect.

Eco-economic research and construction of harmonious society in China:a survey of the 7^(th)Biennial Conference of Chinese Ecological Economics Society,2006

The 7th Biennial Conference of Chinese Ecological Economics Society (CEES) was held from 5th to 7th, Nov.2006 in Qingdao University. The paper summarizes the major viewpoint presented at the conference: eco-economicresearch and construction of a harmonious society in China. The conference put forward that it is an objectivity andinevitability for human being to enter the harmonious society, that eco-economics is one of the theoretical bases for theconstruction of the harmonious society, and that the research of eco-economics in China should reflect new contentsdeveloped in the process of modernization in China and make proper contributions to the construction of the harmonioussociety.

Is the 2008 financial turmoil increasing the risk of a bank run？ An empirical research in Geneva

In this paper, the authors present the results of an empirical study that attempts to analyse the risk of bank run in Geneva, Switzerland. Two similar surveys have been conducted upon two independent samples of Geneva population （June 2008 and February 2009） to detect the existence of predictive signals leading to a bank run within the selected area. The authors discover that Geneva inhabitants are generally confident in Swiss banks; the risk of a bank run in the area is low. However, reliance to the national banking system is worsening： The number of people fearing about their savings and those thinking the default of a major Swiss bank as ＂possible＂ has significantly risen. Also, more and more people keep updated about the current financial crisis; overall trust in Swiss banks has slightly decreased.

Research Methods and Essay Writing Analysis of MBA Dissertation

With the vigorous development of innovation and entrepreneurship in China,a large number of managers of innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises are studying for MBA degree.The enrollment scale of the MBA program is expanding.In order to improve the quality of MBA dissertation and promote the sustainable and healthy development of MBA education,based on the author's years of MBA teaching experience and dissertation writing guidance experience,this paper introduces three research methods of dissertation writing skills:case study method,enterprise diagnosis method and survey research method,and analyzes five steps of MBA dissertation writing,which can be used as a reference for MBA(EMBA)students to improve their dissertation writing level.

A PATH ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL INTEGRATION PRACTICES'EFFECTS ON MANUFACTURING FLEXIBILITY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGF

To cope with an increasingly turbulent environment, manufacturing firms increasingly implement integration practices to enhance flexibility in the production process. This research develops a framework to explore the relationships among organizational integration practices, manufacturing flexibility, and competitive advantage. The study develops valid and reliable instruments to measure these constructs, and it applies structural equation modeling to test relationships among these variables using a large sample. The results indicate strong, positive, and direct relationships between organizational integration practices and manufacturing flexibility, and between manufacturing flexibility and competitive advantage. The results also indicate that organizational integration practices enhance competitive advantage directly as well as indirectly by facilitating manufacturing flexibility.

Clinicians’prescription preferences for treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Shanghai

Background:China has more cases of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)than any other country in the world.As training to recognize and manage dementia is in its early stage,it is important to study clinicians’current prescription preferences for treating patients with AD.Methods:This study surveyed neurologists,psychiatrists,and general physicians(GPs)in Shanghai who had outpatients with AD,using a questionnaire asking about their prescription preferences for these patients.Results:Among the 148 clinicians in the study,26.4%were psychiatrists,44.6%were neurologists,and 29.1%were GPs.The groups did not differ significantly in age,gender,or their monthly cases of new patients with mild or moderate AD(P>0.05).Most clinicians prescribed Cholinesterase inhibitors(ChEIs),including Huperzine A,but there were significant group-differences in prescribing specific ChEIs(P<0.05).The daily dosages of ChEI and Memantine prescribed by all three groups were small(P>0.05),and all three groups prescribed piracetam,ergot,and ginkgo biloba drugs.All three groups also tended to treat AD patients with a combination of antidepressants and anxiolytics,although psychiatrists were significantly more likely than neurologists to combine antipsychotics with other drugs(P<0.05).Conclusion:Clinicians in Shanghai prescribed low doses of ChEIs and Memantine for patients with AD.A relatively high proportion also prescribed cognitive enhancers,which lack evidence-based support of their use,and antipsychotics.There is a need for more training about treating patients with AD and for clinicians to standardize their clinical practice.