The productivity evaluation model and its application for finite conductivity horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs

It is very difficult to evaluate the productivity of horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs due to the influence of fault sealing.On the basis of the method of images and source-sink theory,a semianalytical model coupling reservoir and finite conductivity horizontal wellbore flow dynamics was built,in which the influence of fault sealing was taken into account.The distribution of wellbore flow and radial inflow profiles along the horizontal interval were also obtained.The impact of the distance between the horizontal well and the fault on the well productivity was quantitatively analyzed.Based on this analysis,the optimal distance between the horizontal well and the fault in banded fault block reservoirs could be determined.According to the field application,the relative error calculated by the model proposed in this paper is within ±15%.It is an effective evaluation method for the productivity of horizontal wells in fault block reservoirs.The productivity of the horizontal well increases logarithmically as the distance between the horizontal well and the fault increases.The optimal distance between the horizontal well and the fault is 0.25-0.3 times the horizontal well length.

Multi-parameter quantitative assessment of 3D geological models for complex fault-block oil reservoirs

In the field of 3 D geologic modeling, researchers often pay more attention to modeling methods and workflows, but neglect the quantitative evaluation of models. If the evaluation is narrowed to the same reservoir type, the comparability and practicality of quantitative assessment will be emerging. The evaluation system should include three parts: data verification, geological understanding and process check. Data verification mainly involves testing the accuracy of local prediction with actual data, and geological understanding is to examine whether the global estimation honors geological principles and prior insights. Process check is also indispensable to avoid occasionality. To this end, we produced a set of assessment criteria, taking complex fault-block sandstone oil reservoir as an example. To be specific, thirteen characteristic parameters were totally selected, setting weights according to their rated importance, formulating three-level evaluation standards in a centesimal system for each characteristic parameter, and obtaining the final assessment based on the cumulative score. The results indicate that such evaluation can not only access the quality of the model objectively and comprehensively, but also identify the aspects in need of improvement through the deduction items.

Study on Injection-Production System Adjustment of Fault Block Reservoir Based on Equilibrium Displacement

This paper proposed a method of injection-production system adjustment to solve the problem that the water flooding effect was restricted because of the horizontal and vertical contradictions during the development process of fault block reservoirs. Considering the heterogeneity of reservoir, the Buckley-Leverett water flooding theory was applied to establish the relationship between the recovery and cumulative water injection. In order to achieve the goal of vertically balanced recovery of each section, the calculation method of vertical sectional injection allocation was proposed. The planar triangular seepage unit was assumed and sweep coefficients of different oil-water distribution patterns were characterized using multi-flow tube method. In order to balance and maximize the plane sweep coefficient, the calculation method of plane production system optimization was obtained. Then the injection-production system stereoscopic adjustment method based on equilibrium displacement was proposed with vertical sectional injection allocation and plane production system optimization. This method was applied to injection and production adjustment of BZ oilfield in southern Bohai. The effect of water control and oil increase was obvious. This method can greatly improve the effect of water flooding of offshore fault block reservoirs with the adjustment of injection-production system.

Study on Fault Lateral Sealing Based on SGR Method

Bozhong A Oilfield is located in the northeast of Huanghekou Sag in the Bohai Bay Basin, and is a complex fault block oilfield. The main oil bearing horizon is the lower Minghuazhen Member, belonging to shallow water delta sedimentation. For the rolling exploration and evaluation of adjacent fault blocks, this paper uses the mudstone smear method to analyze and accurately characterize the lithological contact relationship between the two walls of the fault. Based on the establishment of different reservoir docking modes on the two walls of the fault, the sealing parameters are calculated to evaluate the sealing ability of the fault, thereby evaluating its reservoir formation characteristics, and predicting the height of the oil column. The above methods provide geological basis for further rolling expansion and potential tapping in the study area and surrounding areas, and have guiding significance for exploration and rolling potential tapping in similar blocks in the Bohai Sea.

高含水复杂断块油藏单层系边外注水开发模式

复杂断块油藏在开发后期面临综合含水率高、地层能量不足、剩余油分布复杂、井网适应性差等问题。以济阳坳陷沾化凹陷中部垦71断块油藏为例,基于水驱油藏的油包水和水包油2种油水分布状态,利用理论模型推导和数值模拟方法,开展了单层系边外注水开发模式研究。结果表明:从采液端和注水端的受力分析可获得单层系开发的合理注水量、合理采液量和合理注采井距,单层系开发的合理注水压差、合理注水量、合理采液量是影响其剩余油饱和度、含水饱和度的关键因素,对油层合理地层压力水平及剩余油二次富集起主要控制作用。通过加大注采井距至油水边界外围,以2.9倍含油条带宽度为合理注采井距的临界值,采用短注长静置的非对称周期注采方式,建立单层系边外注水开发模式,有利于保持单层系的压力系统稳定和提高剩余油波及率,从而提高原油采收率。矿场实践表明,采用单层系边外注水开发模式后,垦71断块油藏日产油量提高至254 t/d,含水率控制在93.7%,采收率提高至31.53%,采油速率提高4.9%,显示出良好的增产效果。单层系边外注水开发模式解决了高含水复杂断块油藏开发中的剩余油分布分散、水驱波及率低和井网适应性差等难题,可为复杂断块油藏开发提供指导和借鉴。

高地层倾角油藏高低部位油井液量配比研究

在高倾角断块油藏中,受重力作用影响,高、低部位油井开发效果差异大。运用物理模拟实验分析了地层倾角对高、低部位油井开发效果的影响,推导了考虑均衡驱替的水驱断块倾角油藏高、低部位油井产液量配比计算方法,并通过与数值模拟结果对比,验证了油井产液量配比计算方法的准确性。研究发现:随着储层倾角的增加,高部位流线变少、水驱波及区域变小、采出程度变低。随着储层倾角增加,达到均衡动用所需的油井产液量配比(高部位油井产液量与低部位油井产液量比)增加。在相同储层倾角的情况下,随着原油密度和注水强度增加,倾角对达到均衡驱替所需的油井产液量配比的影响变弱,油井产液量配比降低。该研究对高倾角断块油藏均衡开发具有指导意义。

断块油藏高含水井关井后剩余油再动用运移规律微观模拟

基于微观可视化光刻玻璃模型,从微观角度定性、定量研究了断块油藏高含水井关井后剩余油再动用运移规律,并开展了影响因素分析。结果表明:水驱后关井期间剩余油再动用类型主要为滴状、柱状和簇状。关井期间剩余油会沿模型倾斜方向向高部位运移聚集,有利于后续水驱阶段进一步提高驱油效率。地层倾角的增大、原油黏度的减小有利于剩余油再动用;关井时间的增加有利于剩余油向高部位采出端接近聚集;后续水驱阶段注入速度的增大会增加波及面积。

断块油藏注采耦合提高采收率机理及矿场实践

针对渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷古近系断块油藏水驱开发后期流线固定导致注入水无效循环的问题,基于渗流力学和油藏工程原理,通过室内物模模拟和油藏数值模拟,提出了“细分开发层系、轮注轮采”的注采耦合开发调整技术,并验证了该技术可提高采收率的原理。研究结果表明:(1)利用注采耦合开发技术建立的“注入期间的高渗通道与低渗通道吸水量比模型”和“采油期间主流线和非主流线产油量比模型”均揭示了“改变压力场促进渗流场调整,实现均匀注入和均匀采出,扩大水驱波及系数和增加驱油效率”的注采耦合渗流力学机制。(2)注采耦合技术可以实现“扩大波及系数、增加驱油效率”,起到类似“调剖”的作用,高含水期通过此项技术可将低渗透岩心的分流率由1.0%提到18.6%,模型驱替更均衡;经过2个轮次的注采耦合调整,高、低渗透岩心的原油采收率分别提高了10.3%和16.1%。(3)研究区D断块古近系沙河街组沙二段Es236含油小层油藏注采耦合开发数值模拟结果显示,主流线和非主流线驱替更均匀,两者压力梯度极差由2.3下降至1.4。经过3个轮次注采耦合开发调整,沙二段3—6砂层组油藏平均综合含水率下降了3.2%,累计增油1 760 t,提高原油采收率2.1%,增油降水效果显著。

复杂断块油藏井震联合建模数模一体化技术研究

【目的】为解决复杂断块油藏面临的油藏构造碎小、低序级断层数量多、准确识别难度大和油藏描述效率低等问题。【方法】充分应用地震资料、测井数据等储层信息,开展井震联合建模数模一体化技术研究,利用三维地震资料,结合现场生产动态响应情况开展断层精细解释、断裂系统精细刻画,准确落实低序级断层发育及组合方式,在精细地层对比研究的基础上,建立三维地质模型,利用数值模拟与模型互检,迭代修正更新模型,尽可能保证模型精准,以便厘清剩余油分布规律,指导后期开发。【结果】该技术在胜利油田复杂断块区D块、L块等多个区块先后进行了应用,结果显示,断点吻合率均达到100%,数模含水拟合率达到90%以上。【结论】该技术能够实现复杂断块构造的精细描述,对特高含水期自然断块剩余油潜力认识、提高老区采收率具有重要意义,对其他同类型油藏的剩余油挖潜具有指导意义和良好的推广价值。

托普台南区块断溶体油藏栅状断片结构数值模拟

塔河油田托普台南区块断溶体油藏开发初期产量高,后期暴性水淹和快速见水井多,产量递减快,针对此类特征,目前尚未建立较好的模拟方法。结合断溶体油藏岩溶特征、地震特征、实钻井井储关系以及三带结构提出断溶体油藏栅状断片结构,根据此认识,通过融合断层自动提取技术和蚂蚁体属性,得到断裂指示因子,用以刻画栅状断片储集体,利用张量属性刻画溶蚀孔洞型储集体,建立双重介质组分模型,开展数值模拟研究。结果表明:栅状断片结构是断溶体油藏的主要导流通道;断裂指示因子比断层自动提取技术和最大似然更适合表征栅状断片结构,并在通水源处与张量属性匹配度高,在其他区域匹配性差;与单重介质模型相比,基于栅状断片结构的双重介质模型拟合精度更高,更能反映断溶体油藏生产动态特征。

塔里木盆地塔河北部“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体发育特征及其成因

为了研究塔里木盆地塔河北部强剥蚀区海西早期古岩溶洞穴发育特征,用古地貌恢复、岩溶水系统分析、测井-岩心洞穴识别和地震属性刻画等方法进行了YQ5井区的洞穴类型样式识别、缝洞结构刻画和洞穴成因演化研究。研究结果表明:YQ5井区在塔河油田Ⅱ号和Ⅲ号古岩溶台地北部的地势平缓区,总体为多期次岩溶叠加改造后的残留地貌,主要发育幅差较小的溶峰洼地、溶丘洼地和溶丘平原,南部发育NE向展布的峰丛垄脊沟谷。与塔河油田主体区及斜坡区不同,YQ5井区地下和地表水系的流向与地貌趋势不一致,岩溶水系统遭受构造作用破坏,导致补给、径流和排泄的岩溶水循环过程不完整。YQ5井区主要发育暗河型洞穴和“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体。暗河型洞穴充填较为严重,洞穴的有效储集空间受到破坏,影响油气开发效果。岩溶台地的构造抬升造成区域侵蚀基准面的下降,顺走滑断裂的垂向侵蚀作用有利于“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体的持续发育和保存,油气开发效果好。“过溶蚀残留型”断溶体的发育主控因素为走滑断裂、地层剥蚀强度和负向地貌。与塔河古岩溶台地演化过程一致,YQ5井区的岩溶演化经历深切曲流期、岩溶改造期和下渗断溶期3个阶段。暗河型洞穴被持续改造破坏,断溶体则持续建造。

大庆油田海外多类型油藏高效开发配套技术

针对大庆油田海外多种类型油藏开发面临的挑战和技术需求,梳理近5 a大庆油田海外油藏开发形成的技术成果,系统总结已形成的适合海外多种类型油藏的特色高效开发技术。大庆油田经过近5 a来的海外油藏开发实践,将成熟油藏开发技术与海外油藏特征相结合,依靠已有优势技术创新驱动,形成了3项海外特色开发技术:一是以油藏精细描述和“优、分、调”立体开发调整为核心的复杂断块砂岩油藏有效开发技术;二是以化学剂研制及性能评价和化学驱试验方案优化为核心的高温高盐砂岩油藏化学驱提高采收率配套技术;三是以碳酸盐岩油藏测井精细评价、高渗透层识别和注水开发为核心的孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏开发配套技术。海外油藏开发实践证明,大庆油田针对海外多类型油藏的高效开发配套技术,有力支撑了中国石油权益区块的高效开发,提升了大庆油田的国际知名度和影响力。

复杂断块油藏滚动增储关键技术

PL油田为大型复杂断块油田,主要含油层位为新近系明化镇组和馆陶组,储层受浅水辫状河三角洲、曲流河沉积控制。该油田经过20年的开发,已进入双高阶段,寻找优质接替储量,保证稳产上产成为油田开发的主要矛盾。开发实践证明,油田边部断块油底之下潜力受制于控藏断层的封闭能力;开发老区潜力分布在隐性断层控制的正向微构造单元,受断层开启性和隐性断层双重因素控制.

江苏油田复杂小断块高含水油藏注采井网优化技术

江苏油田复杂小断块油藏经过长期的注水开发后,目前处于中高含水开发期。现阶段储层非均质性对注采井网的影响更加突出,局部存在低效无效注水循环问题,亟需优化调整注采井网。根据非均质油藏剩余油富集类型和影响因素,在原井网基础上,利用油藏数值模拟方法,开展相控条件下的注采井网优化技术政策研究。根据模拟结果,确立了抽稀井网和转注高含水油井两种注采井网优化技术的政策界限,指导陈2断块、韦2断块注采井网优化调整,取得了良好的应用效果,为改善高含水油藏水驱开发效果提供了技术支撑。

柳10断块沙三^(5)油藏开发技术政策研究

柳10断块沙三^(5)为复杂断块油藏,油砂体范围小,水驱控制程度低且以单向水驱为主,目前断块注采井网极不完善,采出程度仅14.2%,综合含水达到92.7%。急需调整开发技术政策,提高水驱开发效果。在三维地质建模的基础上,结合油藏数值模拟分析砂层的剩余油储量分布情况,剩余可采储量大于1×10^(4)t的小层有21个,柳10断块沙三^(5)油藏有一定的开采潜力。调整方案采用三角形七点法井网,生产井距控制在150~200m,生产压差控制在12-14MPa,单井注入量150m^(3)/d。利用14口老井,补充13口新井,层系纵向上划分为三段,以“加密井网,分段开采;先分后合,接替稳产”的方式进行开采。调整方案实施后,预计总体水驱控制程度可达61.4%,新建产能1.89×10^(4)t,预计增加可采储量20×10^(4)t,经济论证与评价指标达到了行业标准,有一定的盈利能力。

Geological Guided Tomography Inversion Based on Fault Constraint and Its Application

Fault block reservoirs are one of the main types of hydrocarbon reservoirs found in offshore basins,and they are widely distributed within the Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins of the northern South China Sea.Conventional seismic profiles of complex fault areas often contain obvious fragmentation and distortion of seismic events that is corresponding to geological structure under the fault.This phenomenon is known as a fault shadow;it occurs in relation to rapid changes in velocity near the fault that deviate the ray path of waves,and it seriously affects the ability to determine the geological structure and subsequently evaluate the reserves of fault reservoirs.In the current conventional tomography inversion method,the velocity model is over-smoothed,which results in distortion of the reflection layer under the fault.Based on the velocity tomography inversion of imaging gathers method and the concept of regularization,this paper first introduces the anisotropy Gauss regularization operator.A high-resolution tomography inversion method is then developed,and the fault-controlled geological guidance is constrained.This technology is then applied to a complex fault block reservoir basin in the South China Sea,and the results show that it can significantly solve the problem of fault shadow imaging and determine the geological structures in the target area.The newly developed method thus has very good application prospects.

苏北盆地陆相“断块型”页岩油地质特征及勘探实践

中国东部陆相断陷盆地群中-新生代发育多套巨厚的湖相富有机质页岩,蕴含丰厚的页岩油资源,但富有机质页岩普遍受断层切割,形成若干独立断块,与北美连续稳定分布的页岩地层条件存在较大差异,能否获得稳定的商业油流是勘探面临的首要问题。基于苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系阜(阜宁组)二段页岩岩性、烃源岩品质、储层品质研究与综合评价,研究认为阜二段发育3套厚层有利层,具备“多层楼”立体勘探开发条件;基于阜二段有利层、断层和断块发育地质现状,提出水平井在同一断块内或跨断块、在同一或多个有利层长距离穿行的“断块型”页岩油勘探思路;根据断层断距与有利层厚度之间的配置关系,将“断块型”页岩油划分为“连续稳定”型、“微断层切割”型和“跨断块多甜点”型等3种勘探目标类型。通过勘探实践,证实3种勘探目标类型均可获得稳定的商业油流。研究成果丰富了中国陆相页岩油勘探领域和类型,对陆相断陷盆地页岩油勘探具有重要借鉴意义。

复杂断块油藏水驱储量控制程度评价新方法

复杂断块油藏纵向上油层多,平面上油砂体发育面积小,平面非均质性强,难以构建规则井网均匀驱替,同时受储层各种封闭边界影响,水驱过程中易形成死油区,为了更加精准计算水驱储量控制程度,更好地评价油藏的井网合理性与完整性,找出井网调整和加密潜力,针对常规方法的不足,提出了更加适用的新方法,即网格储量法。通过提高平面上井网内储量控制面积的划分精度,结合储层地质条件及储层非均质差异,以注采井组为基本单元,逐层网格化井网控制地质储量,对网格化的地质储量进行分类统计,找出复杂边界造成的死油区,进而计算区块注采井网控制程度、水驱储量控制程度,最终得到井网调整加密潜力。将该方法应用在南堡101断块井网适应性评价中,找到了复杂边界造成的井网未控制未动用区域,通过加密调整取得较好的挖潜效果,证明该方法在复杂断块油藏水驱储量控制程度评价有较好的适应性,可以推广至其他复杂断块油藏。

复杂断块油藏精细描述关键技术与应用

针对渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷北部南堡凹陷冀东油田古近系复杂断块油藏地质条件复杂、断层多、断块小、主体油藏埋藏深,且受广泛发育火山岩屏蔽作用,地震资料品质差、地层对比与精细构造解释难度大、盆地面积小、物源近、沉积速率快、砂体叠置关系复杂的问题,为了能够有效识别井间砂体分布与连通关系、精细刻画构造形态,近年来冀东油田持续针对地质条件的“复杂”开展精细描述攻关,逐步形成了复杂断块油藏小层划分与精细对比、低级序断层识别、三角洲储层综合表征、注水开发过程中优势渗透通道形成与主控因素、复杂断块油藏三维地质建模、剩余油定量表征与分布规律6项关键技术。应用于5个典型区块,包括扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲2种储层沉积类型,中渗、低渗2类物性类型,中含水、高含水2个开发阶段,正常注水开发与整体压裂注水开发2种开发方式,为冀东油田复杂断块油藏合理开发奠定理论基础。