Modem enterprise theory defines onterprise＇s ownership through the concepts of residual rights of control and claim to residue. It also believes that when they are in homologous, the ownership of enterprise can be ar...Modem enterprise theory defines onterprise＇s ownership through the concepts of residual rights of control and claim to residue. It also believes that when they are in homologous, the ownership of enterprise can be arranged in the best place. When the enterprise is under normal run, shareholders are its owner, but when it goes into bankruptcy, claimers should take place of shareholders becoming the owner of the enterprise. But in China, the ownership of state-owned enterprise （SEE） goes into double misplaces. Management controls the enterprise under the normal run, which leads salaries to seize the earnings and share equities. The state who acts as the shareholder not only lessens investments but also fixes its earnings as much as possible. It gives up the claim to residue, which leads claimers to bear the enterprise＇s residual risks （when the residual income is negative）. When the enterprise goes into bankruptcy, as the shareholder, the state determines whether it can exist or not in order to maximize its own utility. Rights of claimer are being seriously damaged as they can be manipulated freely in the enterprise. Banks＇ bad debts are also in an extremely high level. In this article, the author will establish a model and use the relative data to do technical analysis.展开更多
In this paper, we introduce the notion of L-topological spaces based on a complete bounded integral residuated lattice and discuss some properties of interior and left (right) closure operators.
卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)是一种先天性存在的心房之间的右向左分流,因其可引发反常栓塞,因而逐渐被认为是“隐源性卒中(cryptogenic stroke,CS)”的主要病因,经皮PFO封堵治疗被证明是预防CS的有效手段。但在临床实践中,高...卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)是一种先天性存在的心房之间的右向左分流,因其可引发反常栓塞,因而逐渐被认为是“隐源性卒中(cryptogenic stroke,CS)”的主要病因,经皮PFO封堵治疗被证明是预防CS的有效手段。但在临床实践中,高达25%的患者在PFO封堵术后可以观察到残余的右向左分流(residual right to left shunt,rRLS)。现对rRLS的发生率、分型、检测手段、预后影响、预测因素、预防和处理做一综述。展开更多
It is of great interest to estimate quantile residual lifetime in medical science and many other fields. In survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier（K-M） estimator has been widely used to estimate the survival distribution. ...It is of great interest to estimate quantile residual lifetime in medical science and many other fields. In survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier（K-M） estimator has been widely used to estimate the survival distribution. However, it is well-known that the K-M estimator is not continuous, thus it can not always be used to calculate quantile residual lifetime. In this paper, the authors propose a kernel smoothing method to give an estimator of quantile residual lifetime. By using modern empirical process techniques, the consistency and the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator are provided neatly.The authors also present the empirical small sample performances of the estimator. Deficiency is introduced to compare the performance of the proposed estimator with the naive unsmoothed estimator of the quantile residaul lifetime. Further simulation studies indicate that the proposed estimator performs very well.展开更多
文摘Modem enterprise theory defines onterprise＇s ownership through the concepts of residual rights of control and claim to residue. It also believes that when they are in homologous, the ownership of enterprise can be arranged in the best place. When the enterprise is under normal run, shareholders are its owner, but when it goes into bankruptcy, claimers should take place of shareholders becoming the owner of the enterprise. But in China, the ownership of state-owned enterprise （SEE） goes into double misplaces. Management controls the enterprise under the normal run, which leads salaries to seize the earnings and share equities. The state who acts as the shareholder not only lessens investments but also fixes its earnings as much as possible. It gives up the claim to residue, which leads claimers to bear the enterprise＇s residual risks （when the residual income is negative）. When the enterprise goes into bankruptcy, as the shareholder, the state determines whether it can exist or not in order to maximize its own utility. Rights of claimer are being seriously damaged as they can be manipulated freely in the enterprise. Banks＇ bad debts are also in an extremely high level. In this article, the author will establish a model and use the relative data to do technical analysis.
文摘In this paper, we introduce the notion of L-topological spaces based on a complete bounded integral residuated lattice and discuss some properties of interior and left (right) closure operators.
文摘卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen ovale,PFO)是一种先天性存在的心房之间的右向左分流,因其可引发反常栓塞,因而逐渐被认为是“隐源性卒中(cryptogenic stroke,CS)”的主要病因,经皮PFO封堵治疗被证明是预防CS的有效手段。但在临床实践中,高达25%的患者在PFO封堵术后可以观察到残余的右向左分流(residual right to left shunt,rRLS)。现对rRLS的发生率、分型、检测手段、预后影响、预测因素、预防和处理做一综述。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71271128the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.71331006+4 种基金NCMISKey Laboratory of RCSDSCAS and IRTSHUFEPCSIRT(IRT13077)supported by Graduate Innovation Fund of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics under Grant No.CXJJ-2011-429
文摘It is of great interest to estimate quantile residual lifetime in medical science and many other fields. In survival analysis, Kaplan-Meier（K-M） estimator has been widely used to estimate the survival distribution. However, it is well-known that the K-M estimator is not continuous, thus it can not always be used to calculate quantile residual lifetime. In this paper, the authors propose a kernel smoothing method to give an estimator of quantile residual lifetime. By using modern empirical process techniques, the consistency and the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator are provided neatly.The authors also present the empirical small sample performances of the estimator. Deficiency is introduced to compare the performance of the proposed estimator with the naive unsmoothed estimator of the quantile residaul lifetime. Further simulation studies indicate that the proposed estimator performs very well.
