Effects of psychological intervention on negative emotions and psychological resilience in breast cancer patients after radical mastectomy

Breast cancer(BC)is the most common malignant tumor in women,and the treatment process not only results in physical pain but also significant psychological distress in patients.Psychological intervention(PI)has been recognized as an important approach in treating postoperative psychological disorders in BC patients.It has been proven that PI has a significant therapeutic effect on postoperative psychological disorders,improving patients'negative emotions,enhancing their psychological resilience,and effectively enhancing their quality of life and treatment compliance.

Optimism,Social Support,and Caregiving Burden among the Long-Term Caregivers:The Mediating Effect of Psychological Resilience

Background:As the elderly population grows,the demand for long-term care services is increasing.Despite significant investments in care quality and workforce training,long-term care workers often face challenges such as work fatigue,heavy workloads,and inadequate support.These issues can impact job satisfaction,mental health,and care quality,leading to staff turnover.This study examines how optimism,social support,and psychological resilience relate to caregiving burden,aiming to understand their effects on caregivers’well-being and performance to enhance the quality of long-term care services.Methods:The participants were 542 long-term care workers.Descriptive statistics,t-tests,one-way ANOVA,and hierarchical regression were used for data analysis.Results:(1)Optimism and social support were significantly and positively correlated with psychological resilience and significantly and negatively associated with caregiving burden.(2)Regarding differences in optimism,social support,psychological resilience,and caregiving burden among long-term care workers,females scored significantly higher than males in“social support;”married workers scored significantly higher than unmarried workers in“optimism,”“social support,”and“psychological resilience”;workers aged 45–65 scored significantly higher than those aged 25–45 in“optimism”;workers aged 25–45 scored significantly higher than those aged 45–65 in“caregiving burden”;social workers scored significantly higher than nursing staff in“optimism.”(3)Psychological resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and caregiving burden concerning explanatory and predictive power.Conclusions:These findings suggest that optimism,social support,and psychological resilience are essential factors in reducing the caregiving burden among long-term care workers.The study highlights the importance of promoting psychological resilience and providing social support to alleviate the burden of caregiving.

Study on psychological resilience and associated influencing factors in lung cancer patients with bone metastases

BACKGROUND Evaluating the psychological resilience of lung cancer(LC)patients helps understand their mental state and guides future treatment.However,there is limited research on the psychological resilience of LC patients with bone me-tastases.AIM To explore the psychological resilience of LC patients with bone metastases and identify factors that may influence psychological resilience.METHODS LC patients with bone metastases who met the inclusion criteria were screened from those admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University.The psychological scores of the enrolled patients were collected.They were then grouped based on the mean psychological score:Those with scores lower than the mean value were placed in the low-score group and those with scores equal to or greater than the mean value was placed in the high-score group.The baseline data(age,gender,education level,marital status,residence,monthly income,and religious beliefs),along with self-efficacy and medical coping mode scores,were compared.RESULTS This study included 142 LC patients with bone metastases admitted to our hospital from June 2022 to December 2023,with an average psychological resilience score of 63.24±9.96 points.After grouping,the low-score group consisted of 69 patients,including 42 males and 27 females,with an average age of 67.38±9.55 years.The high-score group consisted of 73 patients,including 49 males and 24 females,with a mean age of 61.97±5.00 years.χ2 analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups in education level(χ2=6.604,P=0.037),residence(χ2=12.950,P=0.002),monthly income(χ2=9.375,P=0.009),and medical coping modes(χ2=19.150,P=0.000).Independent sample t-test showed that the high-score group had significantly higher self-efficacy scores(t=3.383,P=0.001)and lower age than the low-score group(t=4.256,P<0.001).Furthermore,multivariate logistic regression hazard analysis confirmed that self-efficacy is an independent protective factor for psychological resilience[odds ratio(OR)=0.926,P=0.035,95%confidence interval(CI):0.862-0.995],while age(OR=1.099,P=0.003,95%CI:1.034-1.169)and medical coping modes(avoidance vs confrontation:OR=3.767,P=0.012,95%CI:1.342-10.570;resignation vs confrontation:OR=5.687,P=0.001,95%CI:1.974-16.385)were identified as independent risk factors.A predictive model based on self-efficacy,age,and medical coping modes was developed.The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed an area under the curve value of 0.778(95%CI:0.701-0.856,P<0.001),indicating that the model has good predictive performance.CONCLUSION LC patients with bone metastases are less psychologically resilient than the general population.Factors such as self-efficacy,age,and medical coping modes influence their psychological resilience.Patients with low self-efficacy,old age,and avoidance/resignation coping modes should be closely observed.

Mediating Effect of Mindfulness,Self-Esteem and Psychological Resilience in the Relation between Childhood Maltreatment and Life Satisfaction

Childhood maltreatment,as a typical early adverse environment,is known to have a negative impact on one’s life satisfaction.Mindfulness,on the other hand,may serve as a protective factor.This study explored the mediating role of mindfulness and its related variables–positive thoughts,psychological resilience and self-esteem.In order to testify the mechanism,we administered Childhood Trauma Questionnaire(CTQ),Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale(RSES)to a non-clinical sample of Chinese university students(N=1021).The results indicated that positive thoughts did not mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and life satisfaction,but self-esteem(β=−0.194,95%CI=[−0.090,−0.040])and psychological resilience(β=−0.063,95%CI=[−0.059,−0.020])mediated the relationship,as well as the“mindfulness-selfesteem”(β=−0.061,95%CI=[−0.287,−0.126])and“mindfulness-psychological resilience”(β=−0.035,95%CI=[−0.115,−0.034]).The results of this study were helpful to understand the relationship between childhood maltreatment and life satisfaction and provided a theoretical basis for the development of mindfulness intervention programs from the perspective of positive psychology.

The Relationship Between Social Isolation, Psychological Resilience, and Psychological Well- Being Among Older People in the Community

Objective:To explore the relationship between social isolation,psychological resilience,and psychological well-being in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted with 265 community-dwelling older adults using the Social Isolation Scale for the Elderly(C-SIS),the 10-item Brief Psychological Resilience Scale,and the Comprehensive Happiness Questionnaire(MHQ).The results were statistically analyzed using SPSS 27.0.Results:The highest score on the Social Isolation Scale for Community Elderly was 23,with a mean entry score of 2.36±0.62.A score of 14 was the cut-off point,with scores of≤14 classified as social isolation.There were 136 cases with scores below 14,resulting in a social isolation incidence rate of 51.3%.The median(P50)psychological resilience score was 27,indicating a higher level of resilience.The total score on the Psychological Well-being Scale was 161,suggesting a moderate to slightly higher level of well-being.Social isolation had a direct negative effect on psychological well-being,while psychological resilience had a positive effect.Conclusion:Older adults should be supported in reducing the incidence of social isolation and increasing psychological resilience to enhance psychological well-being and promote successful aging.

The study on psychological resilience of tinnitus and associated influencing factors

The association between tinnitus and psychological resilience is an underdeveloped area of research.This cross-sectional study investigated such associations and factors potentially affecting resilience in 61 patients.Demographic and psychometric data were collected by questionnaires.The ConnoreDavidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire(MCMQ),Satisfaction with Life Scale(SWLS),General Self-Efficacy Scale(GSES),Big Five Inventory(BFI)and Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS)were completed by participants.Data were analyzed using independent t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression modeling.The CD-RISC score was relatively low(66.97±15.71),negatively correlated with tinnitus(r=0.276,p<0.001)and associated with age(r=0.270,P<0.001).As protective factors,SWLS(r=0.486,p<0.001),GSES(r=0.555,p<0.001),PSSS(r=0.538,p<0.001)and extraversion were positively correlated with CD-RISC and BFI scores(r=0.287,p<0.001).We also detected a negative correlation with neuroticism(r=0.395,p<0.001),which is a known risk factor for worse CD-RISC scores.Identifying protective and risk factors for psychological resilience can be used to predict treatment outcomes in tinnitus patients,which will help devise personalized solutions and improve patients'quality of life.

Effects of College Students’ Perceived Stress on Anxiety in the Time of COVID-19: The Chain Mediation Role of Psychological Resilience and Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy

COVID-19 has changed the way of learning and life of college students.The purpose is to explore the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety,and the mediating effect of resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy in college students during COVID-19.309 students from three colleges were selected as research participants(average age 19.79±1.11 years).SPSS was used to measure the correlation between variables.Amos was used to test the path coefficient and mediating effect of the hypothetical model.The results show that:Firstly,perceived stress has a significantly and positively predictive effect on anxiety.Secondly,psychological resilience and regu-latory emotional self-efficacy independently played a significant and partially mediating effect between perceived stress and anxiety.Among them,perceived stress had a negative predictive effect on psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy.Psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy had a negative predictive effect on anxiety.Thirdly,psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy play a chain mediation role between psychological stress and anxiety.Regulatory emotional self-efficacy cannot only directly predict the level of anxiety,but also indirectly predict the level of anxiety by regulating psychological resilience.This study reveals the relationship between college students’perceived stress and anxiety,and the mediating effect of psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy in the new time of COVID-19.The chain mediation role of psychological resilience and regulatory emotional self-efficacy reminds college mental health educators that improving students’regulatory emotional self-efficacy is an important way to promote students’mental health.

Personality traits and self-harm behaviors among Chinese children and adolescents: The mediating effect of psychological resilience

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that personality traits are associated with self-harm(SH)in adolescents.However,the role of resilience in this association remains unclear.Our research aims to explore the hypothesized mediation effect of resilience in the relationship between personality traits and SH in Chinese children and adolescents.AIM To evaluate resilience as a mediator of the association between personality traits and SH.METHODS A population-based cross-sectional survey involving 4471 children and adolescents in Yunnan province in southwestern China was carried out.Relevant data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were employed to identify associated factors of SH.A path model was used to assess the mediation effect of resilience with respect to personality traits and SH association.RESULTS Among the 4471 subjects,1795 reported SH,with a prevalence of 40.1%(95%CI:34.4%-46.0%).All dimensions of personality traits were significantly associated with SH prevalence.Resilience significantly mediated the associations between three dimensions of personality(extroversion,neuroticism,psychoticism)and SH,accounting for 21.5%,4.53%,and 9.65%,respectively,of the total associations.Among all dimensions of resilience,only emotional regulation played a significant mediation role.CONCLUSION The results of the study suggest that improving emotion regulation ability might be effective in preventing personality-associated SH among Chinese children and adolescents.

Study of Psychological Resilience among Health Care Professionals, in Ibn Sina Hospital/Rabat/Morocco

Psychological resilience is the ability to maintain personal and professional wellbeing in the face of on-going work stress and adversity. The aim is to investigate the state of the psychological resilience of Health Care Professionals (HCP) and the potential risk factors. The study that we conducted carries out a sample of 230 persons (150 nurses and 80 doctors) belonging to the different services of Ibn Sina Hospital of Rabat/Morocco, using two scales. One is a questionnaire containing most of the socio-demographic characteristics, and clinical characteristics. The second is the Dispositional Resilience Scale-15 (DRS15). Otherwise, our results indicate a relatively low rate of resilience of health staff practicing at Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat/Morocco. 81% of HCP have “low resilience”, 16% have shown “moderate resilience” and only 3% are in the “good resilience” range, based on analyzes of resilience scale results DSR15. The results of the DRS15 validation study indicate a positive correlation between engagement, control and challenge, as well as improved inter and intra-item correlation. Our study also indicates a statistically significant relationship between resilience and socio-economic difficulties of HCP. Sex, marital status, seniority, work schedule and medical history are risk factors. Indeed, women are more resilient than men, single people are more vulnerable than married couples, and new recruits are less resistant than older ones. In addition, the 12/36 continuous work schedule has a protective factor for HCP. These results go in the same direction as those found by some studies. Thus, the results of our study are encouraging and can be used for decision-making in this case.

The impact of acceptance of disability and psychological resilience on post-traumatic stress disorders in burn patients

Objective:To investigate the impact of acceptance of disability and psychological resilience on post-traumatic stress disorders(PTSD)in patients with burns.Methods:A total of 127 patients with burns were asked to complete PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version,Acceptance of Disability Scale and ConnoreDavidson Resilience Scale questionnaires.Results were evaluated using correlational and regression analyses.Results:The incidence of PTSD in burn patients was 37.80%(48/127),with an overall average checklist score of 45.78±15.29 points.PTSD was negatively correlated with the level of disability acceptance and psychological resilience(p<0.05).Multiple regression analysis showed that the depth of burn,marital status,degree of subordination,self-value and selfimprovement were factors influencing the incidence PTSD.Conclusion:Nurses should screen and identify patients with PTSD as early as possible and provide proper psychological interventions to help them accept the reality of disability and improve the level of psychological resilience。

Investigation on Psychological Health and Resilience of Clinical Nursing Students in “Post-Pandemic Era”

The study aims to learn about the psychological health and counseling situation of nursing students in the post-pandemic era through investigation on the psychological health, resilience and counseling demand of nursing students by randomly selecting clinical nursing students interned in a Grade III Level A hospital in Guangzhou from June 2020 to January 2021 as the objects of study. The internship can be divided into three stages: initial (1st - 3rd month), middle (4th - 7th month) and final (8th - 12th month). The investigator educated the nursing students about psychological health in the initial stage to improve their adaptability to clinical practice. Then they were given questionnaires including Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and general questionnaires. And this study further completed difference analysis on psychological health and resilience in gender, educational background, internship stages and non-only/only children. It turned out that all factors scored above the national norm except anxiety in nine symptom clusters and three dimensions of CD-RISC. As for the scores of four factors of somatization, interpersonal relationship, hostility and bigotry and three dimensions of tenacity, optimism and strength in the CD-RISC, the difference was considered to indicate statistical significance (P < 0.001). Among factors affecting the psychological health of clinical nursing students, score differences involving somatization and compulsion (P < 0.001, P < 0.05) under different educational backgrounds showed statistically significant. With regard to different clinical stages, there were significant differences in somatization, compulsion, tenacity and strength (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). Finally, the conclusion is drawn that, during the period of pandemic prevention and control, the overall psychological status of clinical nursing students was good, but there remain part of cases with mild psychological problems that cannot be ignored. In the post-pandemic era, it is necessary to strengthen the awareness of teaching groups of clinical hospitals to psychological counseling for nursing students.

Correlation between psychological resilience and burnout among female employees in a shopping mall in Xi Xian New Area,China:A cross-sectional survey

Objective:The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between psychological resilience and burnout levels of female employees in a shopping mall.Materials and Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select 213 female employees of a shopping mall in Xi Xian New District,Shaanxi Province,in October 2020,who were surveyed using general condition questionnaire,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale,and burnout scale.Results:The psychological resilience score of 213 female employees was 60.52±10.12 and the burnout score was 52.44±10.76.The differences were statistically significant in psychological resilience scores regarding female employees’different age(F=46.715,P=0.000),educational level(F=3.955,P=0.021),and whether they suffered from polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)(F=−11.660,P<0.01).The differences in burnout scores were statistically significant among female employees’different age(F=19.805,P<0.01),years of work(F=53.277,P<0.01),and whether they suffered from PCOS(F=16.119,P<0.01).There was a negative correlation between psychological resilience and burnout(r=−0.787,P<0.01).Conclusion:The psychological resilience score of female employees was generally low,and they suffered from a certain level of burnout.The mall managers should take corresponding measures for female employees to improve their psychological resilience level and reduce the degree of burnout.

Moderating effect of psychological resilience on the perceived social support and loneliness in the left-behind elderly in rural areas

Objective:To investigate the loneliness and psychological resilience with the perceived social support of the left-behind elderly in rural areas and explore the moderating effect of psychological resilience on the understanding of social support and loneliness of the left-behind elderly in rural areas.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted;272 left-behind elderly people in 6 rural villages in the Sichuan Province were investigated by using the General Situation Questionnaire,Perceived Social Support Scale(PSSS),Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC),and the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale(UCLA)with a stratified random cluster sampling method.Results:The loneliness score of the left-behind elderly in rural areas was 52.54±7.25,the psychological resilience score was 78(68.87),and the perceived social support score was 57(51.62).The perceived social support and psychological resilience were negatively correlated with loneliness,while the perceived social support was positively correlated with psychological resilience.The moderating effect of psychological resilience on the perceived social support and loneliness of the left-behind elderly in rural areas was−0.102(P<0.001).Conclusions:Higher level resilience is of positive significance to alleviate the negative effect of social support on loneliness.Improving the resilience of the left-behind elderly in rural areas is a beneficial exploration to promote their mental health.

A Critical Review of Community Resilience Building Framework: Contexts of Climate Change and Disasters in Bangladesh

The concept of community resilience in the contexts of climate change and disasters draws increasing attention and interest from practitioners and researchers in recent development discourse. This paper provides a critical review of six selected frameworks of community resilience building operationalized in Bangladesh over the span of years. In other words, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of resilience through a systematic analysis of the dimensions and indicators of community resilience frameworks. The analysis shows that comprehensive and effective community resilience frameworks should incorporate the missing components linked to fundamental elements of good governance, economic growth, environmental sustainability, social transformation, and capacity development. The paper concludes by highlighting a few other areas of grave concern that need more appropriate attention, considering the severe threats posed by climate change and natural disasters in line with sustainable development goals. Finally, this study recommends further research regarding the effectiveness of these frameworks in different climatic and disaster contexts that can lead the concept into a new dimension of community resilience and sustainability.

The relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being in Chinese college students: the mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of peer influence

Objective:To explore the influence of physical exercise,psychological resilience,and peer influence on subjective well-being,and then build a model of moderated mediation.Methods:Physical Activity Rating,Connor Davision Resilience Scale,Peer Influence Scale,and Index of Well-Being were used.This paper investigated 790 undergraduates.Results:(1)Physical exercise has a significant positive predictive effect on subjective well-being(β=0.43,P<0.001);(2)Psychological resilience plays a part in mediating the relationship between physical exercise and subjective well-being.The mediating effect value is 0.18;(3)The relationship between physical exercise and psychological resilience moderated by the peer influence.Compared with the low peer influence(β simple=0.01,t=0.06,P>0.05),physical exercise has a stronger positive predictive effect on psychological resilience in college students with high peer influence(β simple=0.87,t=2.07,P<0.05).Conclusion:Physical exercise affects college students'subjective well-being through psychological resilience,and peer influence moderates the mediating effect of psychological resilience.

Resilience4j的熔断策略研究

该文研究了新一代轻量级的容错框架Resilience4j结构功能,结合熔断器工作方式与熔断参数,针对服务的熔断阈值配置问题,提出了一个Resilience4j在微服务平台上的配置方案。根据不同服务的紧迫性,实行不同的配置策略,提升服务性能,有效保护微服务系统。

Resilience effects for household food expenditure and dietary diversity in rural western China

A more resilient livelihood is increasingly recognized as an efficient way to improve vulnerable households’food security and optimize their dietary decisions.This study quantifies rural household resilience in western China,identifies the three pillars(absorptive capacity,adaptive capacity,and transformative capacity)contribution to resilience,and then establishes the estimated Resilience Capacity Index(RCI)linked with food security and dietary diversity supported by the multiple indicator multiple cause(MIMIC)model.Results show that,despite geographical heterogeneity,the RCI consistently increased from 2015 to 2021.Households with a higher RCI inheriting better capacity to deal with risk and shocks are significantly and positively correlated with increasing food expenditure and diversifying food choices.It can be because resilient households will allocate more money to food expenditure instead of saving for livelihood uncertainty.Thus,policymakers can provide more incentives for rural households to adopt more dynamic and effective risk management strategies.This,in turn,could yield positive spillover effects by preventing human capital loss associated with dietary-related chronic diseases and mortality.

Analysis of sleep quality,disease uncertainty,and psychological tolerance in patients undergoing chemotherapy for digestive tract malignancies

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among digestive tract malignancies,following gastric cancer.Sleep is of great significance for maintaining human health.The incidence of sleep disorders in patients with cancer is approximately twice that observed in the general population.Lack of sleep can prolong hospital stays,increase the likelihood of infection,and increase mortality rates.Therefore,studying the factors related to sleep quality is significant for improving the quality of life of patients with malignant tumors of the digestive tract.AIM To investigate the relationships among sleep quality,disease uncertainty,and psychological resilience in patients undergoing chemotherapy for digestive tract malignancies.METHODS A total of 131 patients with malignant digestive tract tumors who were treated at Hefei BOE Hospital between April 2021 and September 2022 were selected as research participants.Based on their Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scores,participants were divided into either the sleep disorder group(PSQI score>7)or the normal sleep group(PSQI score≤7).The clinical data—together with the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale for Adults(MUIS-A)and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC)scores—were compared.RESULTS In this study,78(59.54%)patients with digestive tract malignancies developed sleep disorders after chemotherapy.Sleep disorder incidence was higher in patients with colorectal cancer than in those with gastric and esophageal cancers(P<0.05).The total MUIS-A score and those for each item in the sleep disorder group were higher than those in the normal sleep group.The total CD-RISC score and those for each item in the sleep disorder group were lower than those in the normal sleep group(P<0.05).The PSQI scores of patients with malignant digestive tract tumors were positively correlated with the scores for lack of disease information,disease uncertainty,and unpredictability in the MUIS-A and negatively correlated with the scores for tenacity,self-improvement,and optimism in the CD-RISC(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Patients undergoing chemotherapy for digestive tract malignancies are prone to sleep problems related to disease uncertainty and psychological resilience.Therefore,interventions can be implemented to improve their sleep quality.

Intergenerational Trauma and Resilience among Im/Migrant Families: Child Mental Health Outcomes and Psychosocial Mechanisms of Transmission

Research Background: Psychological stressors leading to poor mental health outcomes accumulate throughout the migration process. The impact of a parent or caregiver’s posttraumatic stress on non-traumatized children is significant and may lead to adverse development and mental health outcomes. Research Objectives: The objective of this review is to explore both the consequences of parental trauma transmission on descendants’ psychological adjustment and well-being, and the mechanisms through which trauma has been transmitted among im/migrant populations. Methods: Criteria outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement guided this systemic review. The questions guiding this review are: (a) What are the consequences of parental trauma transmission on the psychological adjustment and well-being of im/migrant offspring? And (b) What are the psychosocial mechanisms of trauma and resilience transmission among im/migrant populations? Each potential study was assessed based on relevance to the review question(s). Results: Parental trauma can lead to adverse mental health outcomes among descendants including increased internalizing and externalizing problems, the adoption of coping behaviors and worldviews, and worsening school performance. Mechanisms that influence trauma transmission include parental trauma symptom severity, the parent-child dyad, social learning, and family stressors. Pathways of resilience exist across socioecological levels to include individual resilience such as coping skills and meaning making, family resilience, structural protective factors, and social and cultural protective factors. Conclusions: Despite the prevalence of traumatic events throughout the migration process, im/migrant families display strong levels of resilience. Mental health services and providers should incorporate a strength-based approach in designing interventions that are culturally responsive and take into accounts the broader ecological contexts in which im/migrant families live.

Resilience, the 6th Vital Sign: Conceptualizing, Contextualizing, and Operationalizing All Six Vital Signs

There are five vital signs that healthcare providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the American Heart Association, and other specialty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilience) which adopts the measure of immune resilience is suggested in this paper. Resilience is the ability of the immune system to respond to attacks and defend effectively against infections and inflammatory stressors, and psychological resilience is the capacity to resist, adapt, recover, thrive, and grow from a challenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilience had better health outcomes than those with minimal immune resilience. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize, contextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilience subjectively and objectively. Subjectively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRC), a scale of 10 items. The revised CDRC scale is a 5-item scale. The scale is rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total score ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total scores indicating greater resilience. The scale demonstrated good construct validity and internal consistency (α = 0.85) during the development of the scale. The CD-RISC had a good Cronbach’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised CD-RISC can be completed in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilience objectively, we suggest using Immune Resilience (IR) levels, the level of resilience to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilience functions that promote disease resistance and control inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metrics that quantify the balance between CD8 and CD4 T-cell levels and gene expression signatures tracking longevity-associated immunocompetence and mortality- or entropy-associated inflammation. IR deregulation is potentially reversible by decreasing inflammatory stress. IR metrics and mechanisms have utility as vital signs and biomarkers for measuring immune health and improving health outcomes.