High temperature compressive strength is one of the most important performances of resin sand; its value directly concerns the quality of castings. In order to seek the best testing method of resin sand high temperatu...High temperature compressive strength is one of the most important performances of resin sand; its value directly concerns the quality of castings. In order to seek the best testing method of resin sand high temperature compressive strength, a self-developed instrument was used to carry out experiments, and the sample shape and size were designed and studied. The results show that a hollow cylinder sample can reflect the strength difference of different resin sands better than a solid cylinder sample, and its data is stable. The experiments selected φ20/5×30 mm as the size of the hollow cylinder samples. The high temperature compressive strengths of phenol-formaldehyde resin coated sand, furan resin self-setting sand, and TEA resin sand were each tested. For the resin sand used for cast steel and cast iron, 1,000 ℃ was selected as the test temperature; for the resin sand used for cast non-ferrous alloy, 800 ℃ was selected as the test temperature; and for all the resin sand samples, 1 min was selected as the holding time. This testing method can truthfully reflect the high temperature performance of three kinds of resin sand; it is reproducible, and the variation coefficients of test values are under 10%.展开更多
A plane-strain unit-cell finite element model was proposed to study the effects of resin/sand interface adhesive and resin cohesive strength on the overall tensile strength of resin sand,as well as the fracture modes....A plane-strain unit-cell finite element model was proposed to study the effects of resin/sand interface adhesive and resin cohesive strength on the overall tensile strength of resin sand,as well as the fracture modes.The main micro-scale characteristics of the numerical model were extracted from the micrograph of resin sand specimens by three-dimensional X-ray microscopy(3 D-XRM).The extended finite element method(XFEM)and cohesive behavior method were employed to explicitly describe the resin fracture and sand/resin interface debonding,separately.The corresponding experimental observation of micro-scale failure behavior based on the scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was presented for a comparison.The numerical results show that the initial failure of the model occurs at the sand/resin interface,followed by consequent resin failure.Dependent on the resin cohesive strength,the location of resin failure varies from the central zones to resin neck arc zones.A typical mixed mode fracture is observed,which is consistent with the corresponding micro-scale experimental observation.When the resin cohesive strength ranges between 8 and 12 MPa,the resin cracks occur at the central zone of resin bridges and propagate perpendicularly to the tensile direction until through cracks happen.At a higher range(between 12 and 16 MPa),interface cracks cross with resin cracks,bonding bridges of resin sand are broken.The interface adhesive strength has a more significant effect on the overall tensile strength of resin sand than the resin cohesive strength.The overall tensile strength of resin sand increases first then keeps stable with the increase of the resin cohesive strength.This work attempts to establish a numerical model which accurately describes the complicated mixed mode fracture of resin sand,which is beneficial to understand deeply the fracture mechanism of resin sand.展开更多
The mechanical properties of resin-bonded sand mixtures at high temperatures significantly affect the quality of casting. However, the existing instruments for high-temperature performances testing mainly focus on ino...The mechanical properties of resin-bonded sand mixtures at high temperatures significantly affect the quality of casting. However, the existing instruments for high-temperature performances testing mainly focus on inorganic binder-bonded sands no matter the test items or the atmospheric protection, while the instrumentss specially designed for resin-bonded sand are not yet available. A new instrument for testing the hightemperature performance of resin sand was designed including the confirmation of the testing parameters, loading, measurement and control systems, and the design of the frame shape and heating furnace. This instrument can test the compressive strength, heat tolerance time and restraining load of phenol-formaldehyde resin coated sand, self-hardened furan resin sand, and trimethylamine(TEA)-based resin bonded sand at high temperatures. The developed instrument has a high accuracy offering smaller than 0.3% deviation at a full scale in the measurement of the high temperature compressive strength and the restraining load over the range of 0-6.8 MPa and 0-2,000 N, respectively. The high temperature heat tolerance time range is 0-300 s and its measurement accuracy is ±1 s.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51405002)
文摘High temperature compressive strength is one of the most important performances of resin sand; its value directly concerns the quality of castings. In order to seek the best testing method of resin sand high temperature compressive strength, a self-developed instrument was used to carry out experiments, and the sample shape and size were designed and studied. The results show that a hollow cylinder sample can reflect the strength difference of different resin sands better than a solid cylinder sample, and its data is stable. The experiments selected φ20/5×30 mm as the size of the hollow cylinder samples. The high temperature compressive strengths of phenol-formaldehyde resin coated sand, furan resin self-setting sand, and TEA resin sand were each tested. For the resin sand used for cast steel and cast iron, 1,000 ℃ was selected as the test temperature; for the resin sand used for cast non-ferrous alloy, 800 ℃ was selected as the test temperature; and for all the resin sand samples, 1 min was selected as the holding time. This testing method can truthfully reflect the high temperature performance of three kinds of resin sand; it is reproducible, and the variation coefficients of test values are under 10%.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2018III066GX)Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2017CFC809)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2018M632933)the Foreign Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Hubei Provenience(Grant No.2013BHE008).
文摘A plane-strain unit-cell finite element model was proposed to study the effects of resin/sand interface adhesive and resin cohesive strength on the overall tensile strength of resin sand,as well as the fracture modes.The main micro-scale characteristics of the numerical model were extracted from the micrograph of resin sand specimens by three-dimensional X-ray microscopy(3 D-XRM).The extended finite element method(XFEM)and cohesive behavior method were employed to explicitly describe the resin fracture and sand/resin interface debonding,separately.The corresponding experimental observation of micro-scale failure behavior based on the scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was presented for a comparison.The numerical results show that the initial failure of the model occurs at the sand/resin interface,followed by consequent resin failure.Dependent on the resin cohesive strength,the location of resin failure varies from the central zones to resin neck arc zones.A typical mixed mode fracture is observed,which is consistent with the corresponding micro-scale experimental observation.When the resin cohesive strength ranges between 8 and 12 MPa,the resin cracks occur at the central zone of resin bridges and propagate perpendicularly to the tensile direction until through cracks happen.At a higher range(between 12 and 16 MPa),interface cracks cross with resin cracks,bonding bridges of resin sand are broken.The interface adhesive strength has a more significant effect on the overall tensile strength of resin sand than the resin cohesive strength.The overall tensile strength of resin sand increases first then keeps stable with the increase of the resin cohesive strength.This work attempts to establish a numerical model which accurately describes the complicated mixed mode fracture of resin sand,which is beneficial to understand deeply the fracture mechanism of resin sand.
文摘The mechanical properties of resin-bonded sand mixtures at high temperatures significantly affect the quality of casting. However, the existing instruments for high-temperature performances testing mainly focus on inorganic binder-bonded sands no matter the test items or the atmospheric protection, while the instrumentss specially designed for resin-bonded sand are not yet available. A new instrument for testing the hightemperature performance of resin sand was designed including the confirmation of the testing parameters, loading, measurement and control systems, and the design of the frame shape and heating furnace. This instrument can test the compressive strength, heat tolerance time and restraining load of phenol-formaldehyde resin coated sand, self-hardened furan resin sand, and trimethylamine(TEA)-based resin bonded sand at high temperatures. The developed instrument has a high accuracy offering smaller than 0.3% deviation at a full scale in the measurement of the high temperature compressive strength and the restraining load over the range of 0-6.8 MPa and 0-2,000 N, respectively. The high temperature heat tolerance time range is 0-300 s and its measurement accuracy is ±1 s.