Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pets

[ Objective] This paper aimed to understand drug resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from pets in Guangzhou. I Method ] Broth microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration （MIC） of ceftiofur, enrofloxacin and other 11 kinds of antibiotics for antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing of 120 strains of clinical E. coli and the experimental data were processed by WHONET 5.4 software. Based on the results of drug resistance pattern analysis, it helped to analyze and study the resistance mechanism. EResultl Clinical E. coli isolated from pets showed a different drug resistance to the 13 kinds of veterinary clinical antibiotics, and the different sources of E. coli also showed a different drug resistance pattern.[Cenclmion] The study provided a theoretical basis for the clinical use of drugs and druq resistance surveillance.

Global antimicrobial resistance:a system-wide comprehensive investigation using the Global One Health Index

Background:Antimicrobial resistance(AMR)is one of the top ten global public health challenges.However,given the lack of a comprehensive assessment of worldwide AMR status,our objective is to develop a One Health-based system-wide evaluation tool on global AMR.Methods:We have further developed the three-hierarchical Global One Health Index(GOHI)-AMR indicator scheme,which consists of five key indicators,17 indicators,and 49 sub-indicators,by incorporating 146 countries'data from diverse authoritative databases,including WHO's Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System(GLASS)and the European CDC.We investigated the overall-or sub-rankings of GOHI-AMR at the international/regional/national levels for data preprocessing and score calculation utilizing the existing GOHI methodology.Additionally,a correlation analysis was conducted between the GOHI-AMR and other socioeconomic factors.Results:The average GOHI-AMR score for 146 countries is 38.45.As expected,high-income countries(HICs)outperform the other three income groups on overall rankings and all five key indicators of GOHI-AMR,whereas lowincome countries unexpectedly outperform upper-middle-income countries and lower-middle-income countries on the antibiotics-resistant key indicator(ARR)and ARR-subordinate indicators,including carbapenem-,β-lactam-,and quinolone resistance,and even HICs on aminoglycoside resistance.There were no significant differences among the four groups on the environmental-monitoring indicator(P>0.05).GOHI-AMR was positively correlated with gross domestic product,life expectancy,and AMR-related publications,but negatively with natural growth rate and chronic respiratory disease.In contrast to Cyprus,the remarkably lower prevalence of"ESKAPE pathogens"in high-scoring Sweden and Denmark highlights Europe's huge gaps.China and Russia outperformed the other three BRICS countries on all key indicators,particularly India's ARR and Brazil's AMR laboratory network and coordination capacity.Furthermore,significant internal disparities in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)prevalence were observed between China and the USA,with MRSA prevalence both gradually declining,whereas CRKP prevalence has been declining in the USA but increasing in China,consistent with higher carbapenems-related indicator'performance in USA.Conclusions:GOHI-AMR is the most comprehensive tool currently available for the assessment of AMR status worldwide.We discovered unique features impacting AMR in each country and offered precise recommendations to improve the capacity to tackle AMR in low-ranking countries.