Improvement of three popular Indian groundnut varieties for foliar disease resistance and high oleic acid using SSR markers and SNP array in marker-assisted backcrossing

Foliar fungal diseases(rust and late leaf spot)incur large yield losses,in addition to the deterioration of fodder quality in groundnut worldwide.High oleic acid has emerged as a key market trait in groundnut,as it increases the shelf life of the produce/products in addition to providing health benefits to consumers.Marker-assisted backcrossing(MABC)is the most successful approach to introgressing or pyramiding one or more traits using traitlinked markers.We used MABC to improve three popular Indian cultivars(GJG 9,GG 20,and GJGHPS 1)for foliar disease resistance(FDR)and high oleic acid content.A total of 22 BC3F4 and 30 BC2F4 introgression lines(ILs)for FDR and 46 BC3F4 and 41 BC2F4 ILs for high oleic acid were developed.Recurrent parent genome analysis using the 58 K Axiom_Arachis array identified several lines showing upto 94%of genome recovery among second and third backcross progenies.Phenotyping of these ILs revealed FDR scores comparable to the resistant parent,GPBD 4,and ILs with high(~80%)oleic acid in addition to high genome recovery.These ILs provide further opportunities for pyramiding FDR and high oleic acid in all three genetic backgrounds as well as for conducting multi-location yield trials for further evaluation and release for cultivation in target regions of India.

Biochemical Composition and Disease Resistance in Newly Synthesized Amphidiploid and Autotetraploid Peanuts

Genetic diversity in peanut (Arachishypogaea L.) is narrow due to its evolution and domestication processes. Amphidiploids and autotetraploids (newly synthesized tetraploids) were created to broaden its genetic base. Molecular analysis has shown that the newly synthesized tetraploids had broader genetic base;and were genetically divergent when compared to cultivated peanut. Nutritional composition relative to oil, fatty acid composition, O/L ratio, protein, iodine value and presence of plant proteinase inhibitors such as trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors were studied in the synthesized tetraploids. Some of the newly synthesized tetraploids had higher amounts of proteinase inhibitors. Evaluation of newly synthesized tetraploids revealed several lines resistant to late leaf spot (LLS) and peanut bud necrosis disease (PBND).

花生晚斑病抗性遗传分离分析

选用高抗晚斑病种质ICGV86699与高感花生品种中花5号作亲本构建重组近交系XA-RIL群体,采用植物数量性状主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型分析晚斑病抗性的遗传特性。结果表明,XA-RIL群体家系间晚斑病抗性差异极显著,抗性受2对加性-上位性主基因＋加性-上位性多基因控制,主基因遗传率为60.10%-86.61%,微效多基因遗传率为6.65%-32.77%。相关分析表明,晚斑病抗性与晚熟、结果数少、小籽粒等性状连锁。鉴定出家系XA006为一个综合农艺性状优良的高产、高抗晚斑病材料。

北方产区花生品种黑斑病抗性鉴定

为筛选花生黑斑病抗源材料,以50个花生品种为材料,在山东省莱西市田间开展黑斑病抗性调查,并在温室条件下对其中7份材料进一步开展抗性鉴定。结果表明,不同花生品种在田间对黑斑病抗性存在差异,共获得4份中等抗病材料;在温室接种条件下,3份材料鉴定为中等抗病。综合田间自然发病和温室人工接种鉴定结果,获得冀农G94、豫花47号和晋花10号3份中抗黑斑病的材料。

花生晚斑病抗病育种研究进展

花生晚斑病是一种世界性病害,可导致花生减产和品质降低,防治该病害最经济有效的方法是抗病品种的应用。本文介绍了花生晚斑病的危害和防治途径,对花生晚斑病的抗性种质资源挖掘、抗性遗传及抗病基因、分子标记、抗病品种的培育等多个方面的最新研究进展进行了综述,同时对加强花生晚斑病研究提出了一些建议。

花生晚斑病抗性育种研究进展

花生晚斑病是世界上危害严重、分布广泛的花生真菌性病害之一。近30年来在世界主要花生产区的危害逐渐加重,已成为制约花生品质、产量和经济效益的重要因素。本文综述了已育成抗晚斑病品种和品系、抗性遗传机制、抗病候选基因、数量性状基因座及分子标记和转基因抗性的研究现状,展望了未来花生晚斑病抗性育种的研究方向,为花生晚斑病抗性育种提供参考。