The Female Resisters Under the Patriarchy in Song of Solomon

The present paper is an analysis of the female resisters under the patriarchy in the African-American female writer, Toni Morrison＇s Song of Solomon, which was published in 1977 and won the National Book Critics Circle Award and American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award. The paper focuses on how the females in Song of Solomon--Ruth and her Daughters--resist the patriarchy.

Novel insights into D-Pinitol based therapies:a link between tau hyperphosphorylation and insulin resistance

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the amyloid accumulation in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is mainly mediated by the phosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein.Among the multiple causes of tau hyperphosphorylation,brain insulin resistance has generated much attention,and inositols as insulin sensitizers,are currently considered candidates for drug development.The present narrative review revises the interactions between these three elements:Alzheimer’s disease-tau-inositols,which can eventually identify targets for new disease modifiers capable of bringing hope to the millions of people affected by this devastating disease.

Design multifunctional Mg–Zr coatings regulating Mg alloy bioabsorption

Magnesium(Mg)alloys are widely used for temporary bone implants due to their favorable biodegradability,cytocompatibility,hemocompatibility,and close mechanical properties to bone.However,rapid degradation and inadequate strength limit their applicability.To overcome this,the direct current magnetron sputtering technique is employed for surface coating in Mg-based alloys using various zirconium(Zr)content.This approach presents a promising strategy for simultaneously improving corrosion resistance,maintaining biocompatibility,and enhancing strength without compromising osseointegration.By leveraging Mg’s inherent biodegradability,it has the potential to minimize the need for secondary surgeries,thereby reducing costs and resources.This paper is a systematic study aimed at understanding the corrosion mechanisms of Mg–Zr coatings,denoted Mg-xZr(x=0–5 at.%).Zr-doped coatings exhibited columnar growth leading to denser and refined structures with increasing Zr content.XRD analysis confirmed the presence of the Mg(00.2)basal plane,shifting towards higher angles(1.15°)with 5 at.%Zr doping due to lattice parameter changes(i.e.,decrease and increase of“c”and“a”lattice parameters,respectively).Mg–Zr coatings exhibited“liquidphilic”behavior,while Young’s modulus retained a steady value around 80 GPa across all samples.However,the hardness has significantly improved across all samples’coating,reaching the highest value of(2.2±0.3)GPa for 5 at.%Zr.Electrochemical testing in simulated body fluid(SBF)at 37℃ revealed a significant enhancement in corrosion resistance for Mg–Zr coatings containing 1.0–3.4 at.%Zr.Compared with the 5 at.%Zr coating which exhibited a corrosion rate of 32 mm/year,these coatings displayed lower corrosion rates,ranging from 1 to 12 mm/year.This synergistic enhancement in mechanical properties and corrosion resistance,achieved with 2.0–3.4 at.%Zr,suggests potential ability for reducing stress shielding and controlled degradation performance,and consequently,promising functional biodegradable materials for temporary bone implants.

Enteric neuropathy in diabetes:Implications for gastrointestinal function

Diabetes,commonly known for its metabolic effects,also critically affects the enteric nervous system(ENS),which is essential in regulating gastrointestinal(GI)motility,secretion,and absorption.The development of diabetes-induced enteric neuropathy can lead to various GI dysfunctions,such as gastroparesis and irregular bowel habits,primarily due to disruptions in the function of neuronal and glial cells within the ENS,as well as oxidative stress and inflammation.This editorial explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development of enteric neuropathy in diabetic patients.Additionally,it discusses the latest advances in diagnostic approaches,emphasizing the need for early detection and intervention to mitigate GI complications in diabetic individuals.The editorial also reviews current and emerging therapeutic strategies,focusing on pharmacological treatments,dietary management,and potential neuromodulatory interventions.Ultimately,this editorial highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach in managing enteric neuropathy in diabetes,aiming to enhance patient quality of life and address a frequently overlooked complication of this widespread disease.

An ionic liquid-assisted strategy for enhanced anticorrosion of low-energy PEO coatings on magnesium–lithium alloy

A low-energy plasma electrolytic oxidation(LePEO)technique is developed to simultaneously improve energy efficiency and anti-corrosion.Ionic liquids(1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate(BmimBF_(4)))as sustainable corrosion inhibitors are chosen to investigate the corrosion inhibition behavior of ionic liquid(ILs)during the LePEO process for LA91 magnesium-lithium(Mg-Li)alloy.Results show that the ionic liquid BmimBF_(4)participates in the LePEO coating formation process,causing an increment in coating thickness and surface roughness.The low conductivity of the ionic liquid is responsible for the voltage and breakdown voltage increases during the LePEO with IL process(LePEO-IL).After adding BmimBF_(4),corrosion current density decreases from 1.159×10^(−4)A·cm^(−2)to 8.143×10^(−6)A·cm^(−2).The impedance modulus increases to 1.048×10^(4)Ω·cm^(−2)and neutral salt spray remains intact for 24 h.The superior corrosion resistance of the LePEO coating assisted by ionic liquid could be mainly attributed to its compact and thick barrier layer and physical absorption of ionic liquid.The ionic liquid-assisted LePEO technique provides a promising approach to reducing energy consumption and improving film performance.

The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults.Methods:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 years.Results:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria.The methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were generated.We found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength.We discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle mass.There was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical function.Conclusion:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no exercise.RT intensity(load)and weekly frequency impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength but not muscle hypertrophy.RT volume(number of sets)influenced muscular strength and hypertrophy.

Muscle strength and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/metabolicassociated fatty liver disease

This editorial comments on an article published in a recent issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology,entitled“Association of low muscle strength with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease:A nationwide study”.We focused on the association between muscle strength and the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),as well as the mechanisms underlying the correlation and related clinical applications.NAFLD,which is now redefined as MAFLD,is one of the most common chronic liver diseases globally with an increasing prevalence and is characterized by malnutrition,which may contribute to decreased muscle strength.Reduction of muscle strength reportedly has a pathogenesis similar to that of NAFLD/MAFLD,including insulin resistance,inflammation,sedentary behavior,as well as insufficient vitamin D.Multiple studies have focused on the relationship between sarcopenia or muscle strength and NAFLD.However,studies investigating the relationship between muscle strength and MAFLD are limited.Owing to the shortage of specific medications for NAFLD/MAFLD treatment,early detection is essential.Furthermore,the relationship between muscle strength and NAFLD/MAFLD suggests that improvements in muscle strength may have an impact on disease prevention and may provide novel insights into treatments including dietary therapy,as well as tailored physical activity.

Upregulated lncRNA PRNT promotes progression and oxaliplatin resistance of colorectal cancer cells by regulating HIPK2 transcription

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the third most common cancer and a significant cause of cancer-related mortality globally.Resistance to chemotherapy,especially during CRC treatment,leads to reduced effectiveness of drugs and poor patient outcomes.Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been implicated in various pathophysiological processes of tumor cells,including chemotherapy resistance,yet the roles of many lncRNAs in CRC remain unclear.AIM To identify and analyze the lncRNAs involved in oxaliplatin resistance in CRC and to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms influencing this resistance.METHODS Gene Expression Omnibus datasets GSE42387 and GSE30011 were reanalyzed to identify lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with oxaliplatin resistance.Various bioinformatics tools were employed to elucidate molecular mechanisms.The expression levels of lncRNAs and mRNAs were assessed via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Functional assays,including MTT,wound healing,and Transwell,were conducted to investigate the functional implications of lncRNA alterations.Interactions between lncRNAs and trans-cription factors were examined using RIP and luciferase reporter assays,while Western blotting was used to confirm downstream pathways.Additionally,a xenograft mouse model was utilized to study the in vivo effects of lncRNAs on chemotherapy resistance.RESULTS LncRNA prion protein testis specific(PRNT)was found to be upregulated in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cell lines and negatively correlated with homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2(HIPK2)expression.PRNT was demonstrated to sponge transcription factor zinc finger protein 184(ZNF184),which in turn could regulate HIPK2 expression.Altered expression of PRNT influenced CRC cell sensitivity to oxaliplatin,with overexpression leading to decreased sensitivity and decreased expression reducing resistance.Both RIP and luciferase reporter assays indicated that ZNF184 and HIPK2 are targets of PRNT.The PRNT/ZNF184/HIPK2 axis was implicated in promoting CRC progression and oxaliplatin resistance both in vitro and in vivo.CONCLUSION The study concludes that PRNT is upregulated in oxaliplatin-resistant CRC cells and modulates the expression of HIPK2 by sponging ZNF184.This regulatory mechanism enhances CRC progression and resistance to oxaliplatin,positioning PRNT as a promising therapeutic target for CRC patients undergoing oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

Exercise training mode effects on myokine expression in healthy adults:A systematic review with meta-analysis

Background:The benefits of exercise are well known;however,many of the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.Skeletal muscle secretes myokines,which mediate muscleorgan crosstalk.Myokines regulate satellite-cell proliferation and migration,inflammatory cascade,insulin secretion,angiogenesis,fatty oxidation,and cancer suppression.To date,the effects of different exercise modes(namely,aerobic and resistance exercise)on myokine response remain to be elucidated.This is crucial considering the clinical implementation of exercise to enhance general health and wellbeing and as a medical treatment.Methods:A systematic search was undertaken in PubMed,MEDLINE,CINAHL,Embase,SPORTDiscus,andWeb of Science in April 2023.Eligible studies examining the effects of a single bout of exercise on interleukin15(IL-15),irisin,secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC),oncostatinM(OSM),and decorin were included.A random-effects meta-analysis was also undertaken to quantify the magnitude of change.Results:Sixty-two studies were included(n=1193).Overall,exercise appeared to induce small to large increases in myokine expression,with effects observed immediately after to 60 min post-exercise,although these were mostly not statistically significant.Both aerobic and resistance exercise resulted in changes in myokine levels,without any significant difference between training modes,and with the magnitude of change differing across myokines.Myokine levels returned to baseline levels within 180 min to 24 h post-exercise.However,owing to potential sources of heterogeneity,most changes were not statistically significant,indicating that precise conclusions cannot be drawn.Conclusion:Knowledge is limited but expanding with respect to the impact of overall and specific effects of exercise on myokine expression at different time points in the systemic circulation.Further research is required to investigate the effects of different exercise modes at multiple time points on myokine response.

Biomass-enhanced Janus sponge-like hydrogel with salt resistance and highstrength for efficient solar desalination

Interfacial solar-driven evaporation technology shows great potential in the field of industrial seawater desalination, and the development ofefficient and low-cost evaporation materials is key to achieving large-scale applications. Hydrogels are considered to be promising candidates;however, conventional hydrogel-based interfacial solar evaporators have difficulty in simultaneously meeting multiple requirements, including ahigh evaporation rate, salt resistance, and good mechanical properties. In this study, a Janus sponge-like hydrogel solar evaporator (CPAS) withexcellent comprehensive performance was successfully constructed. The introduction of biomass agar (AG) into the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)hydrogel backbone reduced the enthalpy of water evaporation, optimized the pore structure, and improved the mechanical properties. Meanwhile, by introducing hydrophobic fumed nano-silica aerogel (SA) and a synergistic foaming-crosslinking process, the hydrogel spontaneouslyformed a Janus structure with a hydrophobic surface and hydrophilic bottom properties. Based on the reduction of the evaporation enthalpy andthe modulation of the pore structure, the CPAS evaporation rate reached 3.56 kg m^(-2) h^(-1) under one sun illumination. Most importantly, owingto the hydrophobic top surface and 3D-interconnected porous channels, the evaporator could work stably in high concentrations of salt-water(25 wt% NaCl), showing strong salt resistance. Efficient water evaporation, excellent salt resistance, scalable preparation processes, and low-costraw materials make CPAS extremely promising for practical applications.

Body composition and metabolic syndrome in patients with type 1 diabetes

BACKGROUND In recent years,the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes(T1DM)patients has gradually increased.Insulin resistance in T1DM deserves attention.It is necessary to clarify the relationship between body composition,metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in T1DM to guide clinical treatment and intervention.AIM To assess body composition(BC)in T1DM patients and evaluate the relationship between BC,metabolic syndrome(MS),and insulin resistance in these indi-viduals.METHODS A total of 101 subjects with T1DM,aged 10 years or older,and with a disease duration of over 1 year were included.Bioelectrical impedance analysis using the Tsinghua-Tongfang BC Analyzer BCA-1B was employed to measure various BC parameters.Clinical and laboratory data were collected,and insulin resistance was calculated using the estimated glucose disposal rate(eGDR).RESULTS MS was diagnosed in 16/101 patients(15.84%),overweight in 16/101 patients(15.84%),obesity in 4/101(3.96%),hypertension in 34/101(33.66%%)and dyslip-idemia in 16/101 patients(15.84%).Visceral fat index(VFI)and trunk fat mass were significantly and negatively correlated with eGDR(both P<0.001).Female patients exhibited higher body fat percentage and visceral fat ratio compared to male patients.Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that significant factors for MS included eGDR[P=0.017,odds ratio(OR)=0.109],VFI(P=0.030,OR=3.529),and a family history of diabetes(P=0.004,OR=0.228).Significant factors for hypertension included eGDR(P<0.001,OR=0.488)and skeletal muscle mass(P=0.003,OR=1.111).Significant factors for dyslipidemia included trunk fat mass(P=0.033,OR=1.202)and eGDR(P=0.037,OR=0.708).CONCLUSION Visceral fat was found to be a superior predictor of MS compared to conventional measures such as body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio in Chinese individuals with T1DM.BC analysis,specifically identifying visceral fat(trunk fat),may play an important role in identifying the increased risk of MS in non-obese patients with T1DM.

Minocycline in the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Difficulty in obtaining tetracycline,increased adverse reactions,and relatively complicated medication methods have limited the clinical application of the classic bismuth quadruple therapy.Therefore,the search for new alternative drugs has become one of the research hotspots.In recent years,minocycline,as a semisynthetic tetracycline,has demonstrated good potential for eradicating Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection,but the systematic evaluation of its role remains lacking.AIM To explore the efficacy,safety,and compliance of minocycline in eradicating H.pylori infection.METHODS We comprehensively retrieved the electronic databases of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,SinoMed,and Wanfang database as of October 30,2023,and finally included 22 research reports on H.pylori eradication with minocycline-containing regimens as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria.The eradication rates of H.pylori were calculated using a fixed or a random effect model,and the heterogeneity and publication bias of the studies were measured.RESULTS The single-arm meta-analysis revealed that the minocycline-containing regimens achieved good overall H.pylori eradication rates,reaching 82.3%[95%confidence interval(CI):79.7%-85.1%]in the intention-to-treat analysis and 90.0%(95%CI:87.7%-92.4%)in the per-protocol analysis.The overall safety and compliance of the minocycline-containing regimens were good,demonstrating an overall incidence of adverse reactions of 36.5%(95%CI:31.5%-42.2%).Further by traditional meta-analysis,the results showed that the minocycline-containing regimens were not statistically different from other commonly used eradication regimens in eradication rate and incidence of adverse effects.Most of the adverse reactions were mild to moderate and well-tolerated,and dizziness was relatively prominent in the minocycline-containing regimens(16%).CONCLUSION The minocycline-containing regimens demonstrated good efficacy,safety,and compliance in H.pylori eradication.Minocycline has good potential to replace tetracycline for eradicating H.pylori infection.

Selenium–nitrogen-co-doped carbon dots increase rice seedling growth and salt resistance

Soil salinity seriously affects the utilization of farmland and threatens the crop production.Here,a selenium-nitrogen-co-doped carbon dots was developed,which increased rice seedling growth and alleviated its inhibition by salt stress by foliar spraying.The treatment activated Ca^(2+)and jasmonic acid signaling pathways and increased iron homeostasis,antioxidant defense,and cell wall development of rice seedlings.It could be used to increase crop resistance to environmental stress.

Electrochemical anodic oxidation assisted fabrication of memristors

Owing to the advantages of simple structure,low power consumption and high-density integration,memristors or memristive devices are attracting increasing attention in the fields such as next generation non-volatile memories,neuromorphic computation and data encryption.However,the deposition of memristive films often requires expensive equipment,strict vacuum conditions,high energy consumption,and extended processing times.In contrast,electrochemical anodizing can produce metal oxide films quickly(e.g.10 s) under ambient conditions.By means of the anodizing technique,oxide films,oxide nanotubes,nanowires and nanodots can be fabricated to prepare memristors.Oxide film thickness,nanostructures,defect concentrations,etc,can be varied to regulate device performances by adjusting oxidation parameters such as voltage,current and time.Thus memristors fabricated by the anodic oxidation technique can achieve high device consistency,low variation,and ultrahigh yield rate.This article provides a comprehensive review of the research progress in the field of anodic oxidation assisted fabrication of memristors.Firstly,the principle of anodic oxidation is introduced;then,different types of memristors produced by anodic oxidation and their applications are presented;finally,features and challenges of anodic oxidation for memristor production are elaborated.

Lipid metabolism analysis in esophageal cancer and associated drug discovery

Esophageal cancer is an upper gastrointestinal malignancy with a bleak prognosis.It is still being explored in depth due to its complex molecular mechanisms of occurrence and development.Lipids play a crucial role in cells by participating in energy supply,biofilm formation,and signal transduction processes,and lipid metabolic reprogramming also constitutes a significant characteristic of malignant tumors.More and more studies have found esophageal cancer has obvious lipid metabolism abnormalities throughout its beginning,progress,and treatment resistance.The inhibition of tumor growth and the enhancement of antitumor therapy efficacy can be achieved through the regulation of lipid metabolism.Therefore,we reviewed and analyzed the research results and latest findings for lipid metabolism and associated analysis techniques in esophageal cancer,and comprehensively proved the value of lipid metabolic reprogramming in the evolution and treatment resistance of esophageal cancer,as well as its significance in exploring potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.

Drug resistance mechanisms in cancers:Execution of prosurvival strategies

One of the quintessential challenges in cancer treatment is drug resistance.Several mechanisms of drug resistance have been described to date,and new modes of drug resistance continue to be discovered.The phenomenon of cancer drug resistance is now widespread,with approximately 90% of cancer-related deaths associated with drug resistance.Despite significant advances in the drug discovery process,the emergence of innate and acquired mechanisms of drug resistance has impeded the progress in cancer therapy.Therefore,understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance and the various pathways involved is integral to treatment modalities.In the present review,I discuss the different mechanisms of drug resistance in cancer cells,including DNA damage repair,epithelial to mesenchymal transition,inhibition of cell death,alteration of drug targets,inactivation of drugs,deregulation of cellular energetics,immune evasion,tumor-promoting inflammation,genome instability,and other contributing epigenetic factors.Furthermore,I highlight available treatment options and conclude with future directions.

基于STAR-CCM+的船体周围流体流动数值分析及验证结果

In this paper,numerical analyses of fluid flow around the ship hulls such as Series 60,the Kriso Container Ship(KCS),and catamaran advancing in calm water,are presented.A commercial computational fluid dynamic(CFD)code,STAR-CCM+is used to analyze total resistance,sinkage,trim,wave profile,and wave pattern for a range of Froude numbers.The governing RANS equations of fluid flow are discretized using the finite volume method(FVM),and the pressure-velocity coupling equations are solved using the SIMPLE(semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations)algorithm.Volume of fluid(VOF)method is employed to capture the interface between air and water phases.A fine discretization is performed in between these two phases to get a higher mesh resolution.The fluid-structure interaction(FSI)is modeled with the dynamic fluid-body interaction(DFBI)module within the STAR-CCM+.The numerical results are verified using the results available in the literatures.Grid convergence studies are also carried out to determine the dependence of results on the grid quality.In comparison to previous findings,the current CFD analysis shows the satisfactory results.

Preparation of CIP@TiO_(2) composite with broadband electromagnetic wave absorption properties

Scholars aim for the improved impedance matching (Z) of materials while maintaining their excellent wave absorption properties. Based on the hydrolysis characteristics of isopropyl titanate, a simple preparation process for the coating of carbonyl iron powder(CIP) with TiO_(2) was designed. Given the TiO2coating, the Z of the CIP@TiO_(2) composite was adjusted well by decreasing the dielectric constant. Moreover, the interfacial polarization of CIP@TiO_(2) was enhanced. Ultimately, the electromagnetic-wave (EMW) absorption property of the CIP@TiO_(2)composite was improved substantially, the minimum reflection loss reached-46.07 dB, and the effective absorption bandwidth can reach 8 GHz at the composite thickness of 1.5 mm. Moreover, compared with CIP, the oxidation resistance of CIP@TiO_(2)showed remarkable improvement. The results revealed that the oxidation starting temperature of CIP@TiO_(2) as about 400℃,whereas the uncoated CIP had an oxidation starting temperature of approximately 250℃. Moreover, the largest oxidation rate temperature of CIP@TiO_(2) increased to around 550℃. This work opens up a novel strategy for the production of high-performance EMW absorbers via structural design.

Effect and mechanism of Qingre Huashi decoction on drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(HP),the most common pathogenic microorganism in stomach,can induce inflammatory reactions in the gastric mucosa,causing chronic gastritis and even gastric cancer.HP infection affects over 4.4 billion people globally,with a worldwide infection rate of up to 50%.The multidrug resistance of HP poses a serious challenge to eradication.It has been monstrated that compared to bismuth quadruple therapy,Qingre Huashi decoction(QHD)combined with triple therapy exhibits comparable eradication rates but with a lower incidence of adverse reactions;in addition,QHD directly inhibit and kill HP in vitro.METHODS In this study,12 HP strains were isolated in vitro after biopsy during gastroscopy of HP-infected patients.In vitro,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values for clinical HP strains and biofilm quantification were determined through the E-test method and crystal violet staining,respectively.The most robust biofilm-forming strain of HP was selected,and QHD was evaluated for its inhibitory and bactericidal effects on the strain with strong biofilm formation.This assessment was performed using agar dilution,E-test,killing dynamics,and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The study also explored the impact of QHD on antibiotic resistance in these HP strains with strong biofilm formation.Crystalline violet method,scanning electron microscopy,laser confocal scanning microscopy,and(p)ppGpp chromatographic identification were employed to evaluate the effect of QHD on biofilm in strong biofilm-forming HP strains.The effect of QHD on biofilm and efflux pump-related gene expression was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Non-targeted metabolomics with UHPLC-MS/MS was used to identify potential metabolic pathways and biomarkers which were different between the NC and QHD groups.RESULTS HP could form biofilms of different degrees in vitro,and the intensity of formation was associated with the drug resistance of the strain.QHD had strong bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on HP,with MICs of 32-64 mg/mL.QHD could inhibit the biofilm formation of the strong biofilm-forming HP strains,disrupt the biofilm structure,lower the accumulation of(p)ppGpp,decrease the expression of biofilm-related genes including LuxS,Spot,glup(HP1174),NapA,and CagE,and reduce the expression of efflux pump-related genes such as HP0605,HP0971,HP1327,and HP1489.Based on metabolomic analysis,QHD induced oxidative stress in HP,enhanced metabolism,and potentially inhibited relevant signaling pathways by upregulating adenosine monophosphate(AMP),thereby affecting HP growth,metabolism,and protein synthesis.CONCLUSION QHD exerts bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on HP,and reduces HP drug resistance by inhibiting HP biofilm formation,destroying its biofilm structure,inhibiting the expression of biofilm-related genes and efflux pump-related genes,enhancing HP metabolism,and activating AMP in HP.

Greatly enhanced corrosion/wear resistances of epoxy coating for Mg alloy through a synergistic effect between functionalized graphene and insulated blocking layer

The poor corrosion and wear resistances of Mg alloys seriously limit their potential applications in various industries.The conventional epoxy coating easily forms many intrinsic defects during the solidification process,which cannot provide sufficient protection.In the current study,we design a double-layer epoxy composite coating on Mg alloy with enhanced anti-corrosion/wear properties,via the spin-assisted assembly technique.The outer layer is functionalized graphene(FG)in waterborne epoxy resin(WEP)and the inner layer is Ce-based conversion(Ce)film.The FG sheets can be homogeneously dispersed within the epoxy matrix to fill the intrinsic defects and improve the barrier capability.The Ce film connects the outer layer with the substrate,showing the transition effect.The corrosion rate of Ce/WEP/FG composite coating is 2131 times lower than that of bare Mg alloy,and the wear rate is decreased by~90%.The improved corrosion resistance is attributed to the labyrinth effect(hindering the penetration of corrosive medium)and the obstruction of galvanic coupling behavior.The synergistic effect derived from the FG sheet and blocking layer exhibits great potential in realizing the improvement of multi-functional integration,which will open up a new avenue for the development of novel composite protection coatings of Mg alloys.