Resource Control Architecture in Heterogeneous Networks

TISPAN,from a fixed access perspective,proposes Resource and Admission Control Subsystem[0](RACS) as a solution to Quality of Service(QoS) problem for NGN bearer network.In contrast,3GPP has an approach to this from the perspective of mobile access.In the latest 3GPP R7 draft,integration of Policy Control Function(PCF) with Flow Based Charging(FBC) function of the R6 brought forward policy control and charging.With the development of fixed mobile convergence,the inconsistence in architectures and interfaces of different resource and admission control[0] solutions will have a huge impact on manufacture and network implementation of NGN related equipment.To solve this problem,both 3GPP and TISPAN have been working on the convergence of Gq’/Rx reference points.Harmonized Policy Control and Charging(PCC) proposed by the Next Generation Mobile Network(NGMN) forum,i.e.cooperative resource control architecture for heterogeneous networks,represents an evolutional sign post for resource control technology for heterogeneous network architecture.

Latest Developments and Problems in Standardization of Resource Control Technologies for NGN

As a hot spot of next generation network, research over resource control has been carried out for years both in China and abroad. With a gradual progress in standardization, this field presents new development trends and features. Based on latest progresses in standardization promoted by ITU-T, TISPAN and 3GPP, new technologies concerned with resource control are introduced. Considering the problems faced in standardization deployment, relevant resource control functions are also analyzed in this article.

Human Resource Controlling and Human Resource Management： Practice of Small and Medium-Sized Building Companies in the Czech Republic

The aim of this paper is to define the nature, present the possibilities, and discuss the problems of using human resource controlling in small and medium-sized building companies. This paper is based on the assumption that expedient human resource controlling is an effective human resource management tool that achieves the required performance of employees and expected competitiveness of a building company. This paper uses the results of a questionnaire survey conducted in November 2013 to analyze human resource management in building companies in the Czech Republic and specify the organization and conditions of human resource management. Some 81 small （less than 50 employees） and 66 medium-sized （50-249 employees） building companies operating in the Czech Republic took part in the questionnaire survey. The results of the questionnaire survey showed the lack of concept and random nature of human resource management in most small and medium-sized building companies. Of course, in terms of the present economic trend, it is above all important for small and medium-sized companies to develop their adaptability to the building market and to be able to deal with a variety of construction works. It is effective human resource management supported by expedient human resources that serves this purpose.

Optimal control of natural resources in mining industry

The paper focuses on the optimal control of natural resources in mining industry. The purpose is to pro- pose an optimal extraction series of these resources during the lifetime of the Mine＇s maintenance. Fol- lowing the proposed optimal control model, a sensitivity analysis has been performed that includes the interest rate impact on the optimal solution. This study shows that the increasing of the interest rate sti- mulates faster extraction of the resources. The discounting factor induces that the resource has to be extracted faster hut this effect is counterbalanced by the diminishing returns of the annual cash flow. At higher parameters of ＂alpha＂ close to one of the power function about 80% from the whole resource will be extracted during the first 4 years of object/mine maintenance. An existence of unique positive root with respect to return of investment has been proposed and proved by two ways： by the ＂method of chords＂ and by using specialized software.

Resource and Admission Control in NGN

After the separation of service control from transport function in the Next Generation Network (NGN), a concept of the Resource and Admission Control (RAC) was introduced to ensure the Quality of Service (QoS). It hides the details of transport network to the service layer to support the separation of service control from transport function. It detects the resource status of transport network to secure a correct and reasonable usage of transport network resources. This accordingly ensures there are sufficient resources available to guarentee the appropriate level of QoS and avoid bandwidth and service stealing. The functional architecture, the entity involved and reference point, the access type and terminal, the resource control mode, the selection mechanism between functional entities, the interconnection between different domains, and the interaction between other transport control functions are the core study content of RAC. The RACS of the Telecoms & Internet Converged Services & Protocols for Advanced Networks (TISPAN) and the Resource and Admission Control Function (RACF) of the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) differ in research focus. Consequently, the unification of Architecture, defined by different organizations, becomes the central issue of future research for each organization.

Some Issues on Computer Networks:Architecture and Key Technologies

The evolution of computer networks has experienced several major steps, and research focus of each step has been kept changing and evolving, from ARPANET to OSI/RM, then HSN （high speed network） and HPN （high performance network）. During the evolution, computer networks represented by Internet have made great progress and gained unprecedented success. However, with the appearance and intensification of tussle, along with the three difficult problems （service customizing, resource control and user management） of modern network, it is found that traditional Internet and its architecture no longer meet the requirements of next generation network. Therefore, it is the next generation network that current Internet must evolve to. With the mindset of achieving valuable guidance for research on next generation network, this paper firstly analyzes some dilemmas facing current Internet and its architecture, and then surveys some recent influential research work and progresses in computer networks and related areas, including new generation network architecture, network resource control technologies, network management and security, distributed computing and middleware, wireless/mobile network, new generation network services and applications, and foundational theories on network modeling. Finally, this paper concludes that within the research on next generation network, more attention should be paid to the high availability network and corresponding architecture, key theories and supporting technologies.