Flexible Multiplexing Mechanism for Coexistence of URLLC and EMBB Services in 5G Networks

5G mobile networks are envisioned to support both evolved mobile broadband(eMBB) and ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), which may coexistand interfere with each other in the same service cell in many scenarios. In this paper, wepropose a dynamic 2-dimension bitmap resource indication to cancel eMBB services witha finer uplink cancellation granularity and a lower probability of false cancellation. Meanwhile,a resource indication based power control method is introduced to dynamically indicatedifferent power control parameters to the user equipment (UE) based on differenttime-frequency resource groups and the proportion of overlapping resources, by which thereliability of URLLC transmission is guaranteed while the impact on the performance ofthe eMBB service is minimized. Furthermore, a dynamic selection mechanism is proposedto accommodate the varying cases in different scenarios. Extensive system level simulationsare conducted and the results show that about 10.54% more URLLC UE satisfy therequirements, and the perceived throughput of eMBB UE is increased by 23.26%.

Seed and Wasp Production in the Mutualism of Figs and Fig Wasps

Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.