Analysis on the Contribution of Artificial Precipitation Enhancement Amount to Annual Water Resources in Liaoning

Based on the water resource balance,the correlation between both the Liaoning water resource and precipitation and total amount of water resource from 1991 to 2004 was analyzed by assuming Liaoning to be an enclosed region.And the calculation methods were developed to quantitatively determine the increase of rainfall due to artificial precipitation,and consequently ascertain the contribution of artificial rainfall amount to water resources.

Analysis of Water Resources Supply and Demand and Security of Water Resources Development in Irrigation Regions of the Middle Reaches of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China

Based on the data for meteorology, hydrology, soil, planting, vegetation, and socio-economic development of the irrigation region in the middle reaches of the Heihe River basin, Northwest China, the model of balance of water supply and demand in the region was established, and the security of water resource was assessed, from which the results that the effects of unified management of water resources in the Heihe River basin between Gansu Province and Inner Mongolia on regional hydrology are significant with a decrease in water supply diverted from Heihe River and an increase in groundwater extracted. In addition, it was found that the groundwater level has been steadily decreasing due to over pumping and decrease in recharges. In present year （2003）, the volume of potential groundwater in the irrigation districts is far small because of the groundwater overdraft; even in the particular regions, there is no availability of groundwater resources for use. By 2003, water supply is not sufficient to meet the water demand in the different irrigation districts, the sustainable development and utilization of water resources are not secured, and the water supply crisis occurs in Pingchuan irrigation district. Achieving water security for the sustainable development of society, agriculture, economy, industry, and livelihoods while maintaining or improving the abilities of the management and planning of water resources, determining of the reasonable percentage between water supply and groundwater utilization and water saving in agricultural irrigation are taken into account. If this does not occur, it is feared that the present performance of water development and planning may further aggravate the problem of scarcities of water resources and further damage the fragile ecological system.

Biological Evaluation Based Quality Management of Water Resources in Small Xingkai Lake

Taking the water ecosystem of Small Xingkai Lake as research object,through the survey and analysis of aquatic organism indicators,this paper established an ecosystem integrity evaluation system with the biological integrity as the criterion layer. Using the index of biological integrity and comprehensive health index,it evaluated the health status of water ecosystem of Small Xingkai Lake.

Vulnerability of an inland river basin water resource system under the background of future accelerated glacier melt: A case of Yarkent River Basin in arid Northwest China

Water resources of inland river basins of arid Northwest China will be profoundly affected by future accelerated glacier melt. Based on scenarios of climate warming, accelerated glacier melt and socioeconomic development in the future, vulnerability of the Yarkent River Basin water resources for 2010-2030 is evaluated quantitatively using the indicator of water deficiency ratio. Results show that the quantity of the basin＇s water resources will continuously increase over the next 20 years, mainly due to the effect of climate warming and accelerated glacier melt. But, in the next 10 years, the basin will have a deficient water status, and the water resource system will be quite vulnerable. This is due to an increased water demand from rapidly increasing socioeco- nomic development and a lack of low water-use efficiency in the near future. After about 2020, water supply will outstrip demand, greatly relieving the basin＇s water deficient due to increased water resources and the advancement of water-saving technology. Contrast to the hypothetical situation of unchanged glacier melt, climate wanning and resulting accelerated glacier melt may play a role in relieving the supply-demand strain to some extent.

Study on functions and rational allocation of Shule River Basin groundwater resources

Based on Investigation and Assessment on Rational Exploitation and Utilization of Groundwater Resources in Typical Areas of the Hexi Corridor, the thesis studies on groundwater and environmental problems arising from the large-scale agricultural development projects in Shule River Basin. The thesis analyzes problems in exploiting and utilizing water resources, defines the function zoning of groundwater resources in key areas and evaluates them. Finally, the thesis uses three-dimensional unsteady flow simulation and regional social and economic development plan to study on the allocation of groundwater in Shule River Basin. A proposal for rational allocation of Shule River Basin water resources has been put forward.

Chemical Analysis of Water and the Resource of Br,K Prospects of Oilfield Brines from Ordovician and Carboniferous in Tarim,China

China is lack of bromine and potassium seriously.Oilfield brines is the headline goal of bromine and potassium resources exploration.Applicants grab 24oilfield brines samples from various wells of Ordovician

Water resources utilization and eco-environmental safety in Northwest China

Northwest China includes Xinjiang Ugyur Autonomous Region, Qinghai Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region and Shaanxi Province, covering 308×10^4km^2. It is located in the warm-temperate zone and the climate is arid or semi-arid. Precipitation is very scarce but evaporation is extremely high. The climate is dry, the water resources are deficient, the ecoenvironment is fragile, and the distribution of water resources is uneven. In this region, precipitation is the only input, and evaporation is the only output in the inland rivers, and precipitation, surface water and groundwater change with each other for many times, which benefits the storage and utilization of water resources. The average precipitation in this region is 232 mm, the total precipitation amount is 7003×108m^3/a, the surface water resources are 1891×10^8m^3/a, the total natural groundwater resources are 1150×10^8m^3/a, the total available water resources are 438×10^8 m^3/a, and the total water resources are 1996×10^8m^3/a and per capita water resources are 2278 m^3/a. The water resources of the whole area are 5.94×10^4m^3/（a.km^2）, being only one-fifth of the mean value in China. Now, the available water resources are 876×10^8m^3/a, among which groundwater is proximate 130×10^8m^3/a.

Evaluation on the Essentiality Grades of Water Conserving in Tibet, China

Taking Tibet as an example, the functional essentiality degrees of water resources conserving of regions were discussed in this paper. At first, based on the status of regional vegetation, whether the region has the function of water conserving was made certain. And then, according to the impacted objects of water resources conserving, taking into account the demands for water and regional supply capacities of water and the requirement of environmental protection, the functional grades of regional water resources conserving of Tibet were evaluated in this paper.

Reclamation and reuse of distributed wastewater and programming based on cost analysis

In order to improve the water environment of Songhua River,develop and maintain a healthy water cycle,the article has made theoretical and mathematical analyses of wastewater treatment and reuse.It proposes that the important link of sustainable utilization of urban water resources is wastewater treatment and reuse,and the main approach of sustainable utilization of water resources is water saving,wastewater reclamation and reuse.Through establishing the cost equation of recycle water system and optimizing it by Matlab,an optimal treatment scale of the city recycle distributed wastewater system is obtained.The principles of recycle water system in northern areas are put forward based on the research of sustainable utilization of water resource in Songbei district.The results can provide experiences and references for water saving,wastewater reclamation and reuse in northern cities of China.

Water Resource and Regional Economic Growth Study Based on Panel Data

Empirical analysis to the relationship between water resource scarcity degree and economic growth were done by building relationship model between water resource scarcity degree and regional economic growth with provincial panel data of 30 provinces during 2000-2009. The analysis results show that, in water resource scarcity regions, the shortage of water resource is the key factor of restricting economic development. In order to alleviate the shortage of water resource and meet the needs of economic development to water resource, it is necessary to speed up the establishment of water right trading market and finally achieve the goal of water-saving and regulation of water resource by economic leverage. The specific countermeasures include： first, comprehensively considering the endowment difference of water resource when carrying out industrial planning and layout; second, speeding up the establishment of water right trading market and revising water-saving incentive mechanism; third, increasing fiscal transfer payment ability to the provinces of outputting water resource; fourth, strengthening industrial guidance, making moderate industrial transfer and population movement; fifth, paying attention to science, technology and education investment, to improve utilization efficiency of water resource.

Study on environmental impact of coal mining subsided water area in Huainan mining area

The subsided water areas with different times of subsidence are chosen to monitor the physicochemical indexes and heavy metal elements. The results indicate that subsided water areas are polluted in different degree. Some physicochemical indexes of subsided water areas are increased with the development of the subsidence and are changed with the changing of the season. The concentration of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Se, Zn of subsided water areas is less than national fishery, and surface water quality standards of China , except Hg. And the quality of subsided water hasn＇t been polluted by heavy metal seriously. Analyzing and appraising the quality of the subsided water can give a reasonable data as basis in using the subsided water resource.

Agricultural Water Resources Utilization and Management under Agricultural Safety Aim Based on Fuzzy Neural Network Algorithm

[Objectives]To explore the agricultural water resources utilization and management under the agricultural safety aim.[Methods]Fuzzy neural network algorithm was adopted.The evaluation model of agricultural water resources utilization and management carrying capacity based on quantitative system was established.[Results]With the remarkable improvement of China's national income,great progress has been made in China's agricultural development.However,in the process of agricultural safety production,the problem of sustainable development has not been noticed,the problem of water resources exceeding the limit bearing capacity frequently occurs.[Conclusions]It is of great significance to effectively solve the problem of water resources utilization and management.In the feasibility test for the algorithm,further tests on various indicators show that the research is feasible.

Hydrologic Monitoring Plan of the Brazilian Water Producer/PCJ Project

Both Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) and Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) have a wide range of strategies that include different economic instruments for nature conservation. Although the generation and maintenance of payment for hydrologic ecosystem services (Water-PES) is expanding in Brazil, there are difficulties in the implementation of projects. Due to the complexity and non-linearity of the hydrological processes, also affecting both EbA and Water-PES goals, monitoring quali-quantitative aspects of streams have been here addressed as a useful management tool. This study presents the Hydrological Monitoring Plan (HMP) of the Water Producer/PCJ project, operating between 2009-2014, in order to: 1) evaluate the impact of project actions under water quali-quantitative aspects;and 2) promote the incorporation of HMP’s elements in water resources management. HMP of the Water Producer/PCJ project has been implemented following the conditions for efficiency (baseline, long-term scale compatible with the actions of the project, in the experimental and reference watersheds). In addition, HMP is being implemented from upstream to downstream in catchments with areas ranging from 17 to 130 km2. This proposal favors the quantification and valuation of hydrologic services that could be assessed by ecohydrologic monitoring and modeling. Thus, we look forward to the consolidation of the Brazilian information system of water resources, the reduction of modeling uncertainties and integrated assessment of the consequences of land-use/land-cover change that strongly impact goals of EbA and Water-PES initiatives.

Assessment of Geological Security and Integrated Assessment Geo-environmental Suitability in Worst-hit Areas in Wenchuan Quake

The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 and geo-hazards triggered by the earthquake caused large injuries and deaths as well as destructive damage for infrastructures like construction, traffic and electricity. It is urgent to select relatively secure areas for townships and cities constructed in high mountainous regions with high magnitude earthquakes. This paper presents the basic thoughts, evaluation indices and evaluation methods of geological security evaluation, water and land resources security demonstration and integrated assessments of geo-environmental suitability for reconstruction in alp and ravine with high magnitude earthquakes, which are applied in the worst-hit areas （12 counties）. The integrated assessment shows that： （1） located in the Longmenshan fault zone, the evaluated area is of poor regional crust stability, in which the unstable and second unstable areas account for 79% of the total; （2） the geo-hazards susceptibility is high in the evaluation area. The spots of geo-hazards triggered by earthquake are mainly distributed along the active fault zone with higher distribution in the moderate and high mountains area, in which the areas of high and moderate susceptibility zoning accounts for 40.1% of the total; （3） geological security is poor in the evaluated area, in which the area of the unsuitable construction occupies 73.1%, whereas in the suitable construction area, the areas of geological security, second security and insecurity zoning account for 8.3 %, 9.3% and 9.3 % of the evaluated area respectively; （4） geo-environmentai suitability is poor in the evaluated area, in which the areas of suitability and basic suitability zoning account for 3.5% and 7.3% of the whole evaluation area.

Decani Bistrica River Basin Waters

The catchment in Republic of Kosova can be divided in basins of the rivers as： basin of White Drino in village Radavc, Peja municipality; basin of river Iber, Mitrovica municipality; basin of river Morava of Binca, Gjilani municipality and basin of river Lepenci in Kacanik municipality. The watershed subject to this paper belongs to the basin of White Drino which belongs to the Adriatic sea catchment. This river occupies nearly 6.13% of the catchment of ＂White Drino＂ and has several positive features which make it more interesting for the study such as a considerable amount of annual rainfall and a distinct topography providing strong currents. The study comprises of a detailed analysis of the quantity of water which can be accumulated and used for water supply, irrigation for agricultural, production of electric hydropower and recreation.

Modeling demand/supply of water resources in the arid region of northwestern China during the late 1980s to 2010

Water demand increases continuously with an increasing population and economic development. As a result, the difference between water supply and demand becomes a sig- nificant issue, especially in arid regions. To figure out the utilization of water resources in the arid region of northwestern China （ARNWC）, and also to provide methodologies to predict the water use in future, three models were established in this study to calculate agricultural irri- gation, industrial and domestic water use in the ARNWC from the late 1980s to 2010. Based on river discharges in the region, the supply and demand of water resources at the river basin level were analyzed. The results indicated that agricultural irrigation demand occupies more than 90% of the total water use in the ARNWC. Total water demand increased from 31.97 km3 in the late 1980s to 48.19 km3 in 2010. Most river basins in this arid region were under me- dium and high water stress. Severe-risk river basins, such as the Shiyang river basin and the eastern part of the northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains, were found in this region. It was revealed that the water supply became critical from April to May, which was the season of the lowest water supply as determined by comparing monthly water consumption.