Comparative Nutritional Analysis on Fish Meal and Meat and Bone Meal of Harmless Treatment of Dead Pig Carcass

In order to explore the resource utilization of the harmless treatment product(pork meat and bone meal,abbreviated PM)of pigs died of non-communicable diseases,the general nutritional components and amino acid composition of PM and fish meal were determined and compared.The results showed that the contents of moisture,crude protein,crude fat and ash in PM and fish meal were 3.25%and 8.92%,66.65%and 66.67%,13.52%and 8.23%,18.25%and 21.50%,respectively.The contents of essential amino acids(EAA)in PM and fish meal were 19.94%and 22.35%,respectively.For PM and fish meal,the first limiting amino acid was Met(methionine)+Cys(cysteine),and the second limiting amino acid was Lys(lysine);their essential amino acid indexes(EAAI)were 66.60 and 77.04,respectively;and their delicious amino acid(DAA)contents were 26.89%and 23.15%,respectively.In summary,the meat and bone meal of pigs died of non-communicable diseases has the characteristics of high protein and low ash contents,and has certain development and utilization potential as a recycled waste resource,especially in aquatic feed to replace fish meal.

Defining an open access resource strategy for research libraries:Part Ⅱ——Challenges and responses

Purpose: This paper aims to provide a systematic analysis of challenges and responses of the imminent open access-based environment so as to enable sound development of open access(OA) resource strategies.Design/methodology/approach: A systematic and evidence-based analysis is used to discover, identify, and contextualize the factors that relate or interact. A challenge metric for the overall context and additional frameworks or alternative lists is used for the detailed analysis.Findings: Research libraries are facing a reality conflict between the traditional library solution and the OA solution. New resource strategies are needed but have to be based on an open knowledge infrastructure and a systematic analysis of factors and alternatives. Support for OA publishing is becoming a major task and complicated capabilities involved call for libraries to play a central role. Hybrid collection development should be in place to take full advantages of the open world while ensuring reliable and trusted retrieval, reuse, and preservation.Research limitations: The research covers main developments in US and European countries mostly in scientific fields and for scholarly papers.Practical implications: There are already evidences for sound OA resource policies. With the imminent dominance of OA resources, research libraries should and can set up their OA resource strategies.Originality/value: The paper suggests a factor metric as an analysis framework, presents rationale lists and policies to support OA publishing, and proposes a hybrid collection strategy to plan for collection development, retrieval, and preservation.

A portable and washable solar steam evaporator based on graphene and recycled gold for efficient point-of-use water purification

A solar steam evaporator provides a sustainable and efficient alternative water purification solution to address the global freshwater shortage.Previous efforts have made significant advances in maximizing its water evaporation rate,but no single evaporator has all the properties necessary for practical point-of-use application,including a high efficiency for generation of drinkable water,an excellent portability critical for on-site water purification,good washability for mitigating evaporator fouling,and good reusability.We report a strategy to produce a high-performance photothermal material for point-of-use water purification.By simultaneously incorporating graphene and gold particles grown from recycled electronic waste in a mechanically strong sponge,we achieved highly efficient water purification under realistic conditions.In addition to a high evaporation rate(3.55 kg/m^(2)/h under one-sun irradiation)attributed to a control of atomic structure of graphene and the size-dependent surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles,it is portable which can be folded,vacuum compacted,dried and rehydrated without compromising performance.It also allows repeated washing to remove contaminant fouling so that it can be reused.The evaporator transforms various types of contaminated water into drinkable clean water,and can be mounted at any angle to optimize the incident solar irradiation.Furthermore,the assembled steam evaporator device could gain purified water meeting the World Health Organization drinking water standards with a high evaporation rate of 9.36 kg/m^(2)/h under outdoor sunlight.

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in China:Opportunities and challenges

The growing water stress both in terms of water scarcity and quality deterioration promotes the development of reclaimed water as a new water resource use. This paper reviewed wastewater reuse practices in China, and the opportunities and challenges of expanding reclaimed water use were analyzed. Rapid urbanization with the increasing of water demand and wastewater discharge provides an opportunity for wastewater reuse. The vast amount of wastewater discharge and low reclaimed water production mean that wastewater reuse still has a great potential in China. Many environmental and economic benefits and successful reclamation technologies also provide opportunities for wastewater reuse. In addition, the overall strategy in China is also encouraging for wastewater reuse. In the beginning stage of wastewater reclamation and reuse, there are many significant challenges to expand wastewater reuse in China including slow pace in adopting urban wastewater reuse programs, the establishment of integrated water resources management framework and guidelines for wastewater reuse programs, incoherent water quality requirements, the limited commercial development of reclaimed water and the strengthening of public awareness and cooperation among stakeholders.

Rapid conversion of alkaline bauxite residue through co-pyrolysis with waste biomass and its revegetation potential

The extreme alkalinity of bauxite residue(BR)leads to difficulty with its reuse.Alkaline leachate and dust generation during the stacking process can pollute surrounding soil,air and water.In this work,co-pyrolysis of bauxite residue and sawdust was applied to rapidly produce a soil-like matrix that met the conditions for plant growth as demonstrated by ryegrass pot experiments.The present study aimed to characterize the detailed changes in physicochemical,mineral weathering,and microbial communities of the pyrolyzed BR with different ratios of saw dust after plant colonization for 2 months.With increasing sawdust addition during co-pyrolysis,the pH of BR decreased from 11.21 to 8.16,the fraction of macro-aggregates 0.25-2 mm in the water-stable agglomerates increased by 29.3%,and the organic carbon concentration increased from 12.5 to 320 mg/kg,whilst facilitating the degree of humification,which were all beneficial to its revegetation performance.The backscattered electron-scanning electron microscope-energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(BSE-SEM-EDS)results confirmed the occurrence of sodalite and calcite weathering on aggregate surfaces,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results of surface Al and Si compounds identified that some weathering products were clay minerals such as kaolinite.Furthermore,bacterial community composition and structure shifted towards typical soil taxonomic groups.These results demonstrate soil development of treated BR at an early stage.The technique is a combination of alkalinity regulation and agglomerate construction,which accelerates soil formation of BR,thus proving highly promising for potential application as an artificial soil substitute.