Protective mechanism of quercetin in alleviating sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments

BACKGROUND:Sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has a high mortality rate,and no effective treatment is available currently.Quercetin is a natural plant product with many pharmacological activities,such as antioxidative,anti-apoptotic,and anti-inflammatory effects.This study aimed to elucidate the protective mechanism of quercetin against sepsis-related ARDS.METHODS:In this study,network pharmacology and in vitro experiments were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms of quercetin against sepsis-related ARDS.Core targets and signaling pathways of quercetin against sepsis-related ARDS were screened and were verified by in vitro experiments.RESULTS:A total of 4,230 targets of quercetin,360 disease targets of sepsis-related ARDS,and 211 intersection targets were obtained via database screening.Among the 211 intersection targets,interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor(TNF),albumin(ALB),AKT serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)were identified as the core targets.A Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis revealed 894 genes involved in the inflammatory response,apoptosis regulation,and response to hypoxia.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analysis identified 106 pathways.After eliminating and generalizing,the hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1),TNF,nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB),and nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor signaling pathways were identified.Molecular docking revealed that quercetin had good binding activity with the core targets.Moreover,quercetin blocked the HIF-1,TNF,NF-κB,and NODlike receptor signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced murine alveolar macrophage(MH-S)cells.It also suppressed the inflammatory response,oxidative reactions,and cell apoptosis.CONCLUSION:Quercetin ameliorates sepsis-related ARDS by binding to its core targets and blocking the HIF-1,TNF,NF-κB,and NOD-like receptor signaling pathways to reduce inflammation,cell apoptosis,and oxidative stress.

Clinical significance of platelet mononuclear cell aggregates in patients with sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of sepsis combined with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)has increased owing to the enhanced awareness among medical profes-sionals and the continuous development of modern medical technologies,while early diagnosis of ARDS still lacks specific biomarkers.One of the main patho-genic mechanisms of sepsis-associated ARDS involves the actions of various pathological injuries and inflammatory factors,such as platelet and white blood cells activation,leading to an increase of surface adhesion molecules.These adhesion molecules further form platelet-white blood cell aggregates,including platelet-mononuclear cell aggregates(PMAs).PMAs has been identified as one of the markers of platelet activation,here we hypothesize that PMAs might play a potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of this complication.METHODS We selected 72 hospitalized patients diagnosed with sepsis as the study population between March 2019 and March 2022.Among them,30 patients with sepsis and ARDS formed the study group,while 42 sepsis patients without ARDS comprised the control group.After diagnosis,venous blood samples were imme-diately collected from all patients.Flow cytometry was employed to analyze the expression of PMAs,platelet neutrophil aggregates(PNAs),and platelet aggregates(PLyAs)in the serum.Additionally,the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)II score was calculated for each patient,and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess diagnostic value.RESULTS The study found that the levels of PNAs and PLyAs in the serum of the study group were higher than those in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).However,the expression of PMAs in the serum of the study group was significantly upregulated(P<0.05)and positively correlated with the APACHE II score(r=0.671,P<0.05).When using PMAs as a diagnostic indicator,the area under the curve value was 0.957,indicating a high diagnostic value(P<0.05).Furthermore,the optimal cutoff value was 8.418%,with a diagnostic sensitivity of 0.819 and specificity of 0.947.CONCLUSION In summary,the serum levels of PMAs significantly increase in patients with sepsis and ARDS.Therefore,serum PMAs have the potential to become a new biomarker for clinically diagnosing sepsis complicated by ARDS.

Outpatient insulin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus and acute respiratory distress syndrome outcomes:A retrospective cohort study

BACKGROUND The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)on acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is debatable.T2DM was suspected to reduce the risk and complications of ARDS.However,during coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),T2DM predisposed patients to ARDS,especially those who were on insulin at home.AIMTo evaluate the impact of outpatient insulin use in T2DM patients on non-COVID-19 ARDS outcomes.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database.Adult patients diagnosed with ARDS were stratified into insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(DM)(IDDM)and non-insulindependent DM(NIDDM)groups.After applying exclusion criteria and matching over 20 variables,we compared cohorts for mortality,duration of mechanical ventilation,incidence of acute kidney injury(AKI),length of stay(LOS),hospitalization costs,and other clinical outcomes.RESULTS Following 1:1 propensity score matching,the analysis included 274 patients in each group.Notably,no statistically significant differences emerged between the IDDM and NIDDM groups in terms of mortality rates(32.8%vs 31.0%,P=0.520),median hospital LOS(10 d,P=0.537),requirement for mechanical ventilation,incidence rates of sepsis,pneumonia or AKI,median total hospitalization costs,or patient disposition upon discharge.CONCLUSION Compared to alternative anti-diabetic medications,outpatient insulin treatment does not appear to exert an independent influence on in-hospital morbidity or mortality in diabetic patients with non-COVID-19 ARDS.

A Comparison between Late Preterm and Term Infants with Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Early-Onset Sepsis, and Neonatal Jaundice in Ecuadorian Newborns

Background: To examine the differences in prevalence of respiratory distress syndrome, early-onset sepsis and jaundice, between late preterm infants versus term infants in Ecuadorian newborns. Methods: Study design: Epidemiological, observational, and cross-sectional, with two cohorts of patients. Settings: IESS Quito Sur Hospital at Quito, Ecuador, from February to April of 2020. Participants: This study included 204 newborns, 102 preterm infants, 102 term infants. Results: There are significant differences between late preterm infants and term infants, with a p-value of 0.000 in the prevalence of early sepsis, 70.59% vs. 35.29%. In respiratory distress syndrome between late and term premature infants, significant differences were observed with a p-value of 0.000, the proportion being 55.58% vs. 24.51% respectively. The prevalence of jaundice is higher in term infants with a p value of 0.002, 72.55%, versus 51.96% in late preterm infants, and the mean value of bilirubins in mg/dL was higher in term infants 14.32 versus 12.33 in late preterm infants;this difference is statistically significant with a p value of 0.004. Admission to the NICU is more frequent in late preterm infants with a p-value of 0.000, being 42.16% for late preterm infants vs. 7.84% in term infants;the mean of the hospital days with p-value 0.005, was higher in late preterm infants 4.97 days vs. 3.55 days for term newborns. Conclusion: Due to the conditions of their immaturity, late preterm infants are 2.86 times more likely to present early sepsis than full-term newborns. It is shown that late preterm infants are 2.69 times more likely to have respiratory distress syndrome compared to term infants, therefore, late preterm infants have a longer hospital stay of 4.97 days versus 3.55 days in term infants. Jaundice and mean bilirubin levels are higher in term infants due to blood group incompatibility and insufficient breastfeeding.

Steroids in acute respiratory distress syndrome:A panacea or still a puzzle?

Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a unique entity marked by various etiologies and heterogenous pathophysiologies.There remain concerns regarding the efficacy of particular medications for each severity level apart from respiratory support.Among several pharmacotherapies which have been examined in the treatment of ARDS,corticosteroids,in particular,have demonstrated potential for improving the resolution of ARDS.Nevertheless,it is imperative to consider the potential adverse effects of hyperglycemia,susceptibility to hospital-acquired infections,and the development of intensive care unit acquired weakness when administering corticosteroids.Thus far,a multitude of trials spanning several decades have investigated the role of corticosteroids in ARDS.Further stringent trials are necessary to identify particular subgroups before implementing corticosteroids more widely in the treatment of ARDS.This review article provides a concise overview of the most recent evidence regarding the role and impact of corticosteroids in the management of ARDS.

Review:Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS): the mechanism,present strategies and future perspectives of therapies

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), which manifests as non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, respiratory distress and hypoxemia, could be resulted from various processes that directly or indirectly injure the lung. Extensive investigations in experimental models and humans with ALI/ARDS have revealed many molecular mechanisms that offer therapeutic opportunities for cell or gene therapy. Herein the present strategies and future perspectives of the treatment for ALI/ARDS, include the ventilatory, pharmacological, as well as cell therapies.

Effect of protective lung ventilation strategy combined with lung recruitment maneuver in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of protective lung ventilation strategy combined with lung recruitment maneuver (RM) in the treatment patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods:Totally 74 patients with ARDS admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Unit, Changshu Second People's Hospital in Jiangsu Province between September 2010 and June 2013 were selected and randomly divided into lung recruitment group and non-lung recruitment group, and the initial ventilation solution for both groups was synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV). For RM, SIMV mode (pressure control and pressure support) was adopted. Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was increased by 5 cm H2O every time and maintained for 40-50 s before entering the next increasing period, and the peak airway pressure was kept below 45 cm H2O. After PEEP reached the maximum value, it was gradually reduced by 5 cm H2O every time and finally maintained at 15 cm H2O for 10 min.Results:A total of 74 patients with mean age of (49.0±18.6) years old were enrolled, 36 patients were enrolled in lung recruitment maneuver (RM) group and 38 patients were enrolled into non-lung recruitment maneuver (non-RM) group. 44 were male and accounted for 59.5% of all the patients. For the indicators such as PEEP, pressure support (PS), plateau airway pressure (Pplat), peak airway pressure (Ppeak), vital capacity (VC) and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), no statistical differences in the indicators were found between the RM group and non-RM group on D1, D3 and D7 (P>0.05), except that only FiO2 of RM group on D7 was significantly lower than that of non-RM group (47.2±10.0) vs. (52.2±10.5),P<0.05]. For the indicators of blood gas analysis, including pH, arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) and oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2), PaO2 and PaO2/FiO2 of RM group were significantly higher than those of non-RM group on D7, and the values were [(90.2±16.1) mmHg vs. (76.4±11.3) mmHg,P<0.05] and [(196.5±40.7) mmHg vs. (151.7±37.3) mmHg,P<0.05] respectively. There was no statistical difference in heart rate (HR), cardiac index (CI), central venous pressure (CVP) or mean arterial pressure (MAP) between RM group and non-RM group on D1, D3 and D7 (P>0.05). 28-day mortality, ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality were 25% vs. 28.9%, 25% vs. 26.3% and 36.1% vs. 39.5% respectively between RM group and non-RM group (allP>0.05).Conclusion:Protective lung ventilation strategy combined with lung recruitment maneuver can improve the indicators such as PaO2, FiO2 and PaO2/FiO2 on D7, but failed to improve the final outcomes such as 28-day mortality, ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality.

Effect of different ventilation methods combined with pulmonary surfactant on neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome

BACKGROUND Acute respiratory distress syndrome precipitates is widespread pulmonary injury in impacted individuals,the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS),primarily observed in preterm infants,represents a prevalent critical condition in neonatal clinical settings.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of various ventilation strategies combined with pulmonary surfactant(PS)therapy in the treatment of NRDS.METHODS A total of 20 neonates diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome,admitted between May 2021 and June 2022,were randomly assigned to either a research group or a control group.Neonates in the research group received treatment involving high-frequency oscillatory ventilation(HFOV)in conjunction with PS.In contrast,neonates in the control group were administered either controlled mechanical ventilation or synchronous intermittent mandatory ventilation,combined with PS.Arterial blood samples from the neonates in both groups were collected before treatment,as well as 6 h,12 h,24 h,and 48 h post-treatment.These samples underwent blood gas analysis,with measurements taken for pH value,partial pressures of oxygen(O_(2))and carbon dioxide.Concurrently,data was collected on the duration of ventilator use,length of hospitalization time,O_(2) treatment time,treatment outcomes,and complications of the ventilator.RESULTS From 6-48 h post-treatment,both groups demonstrated significant improvements in arterial blood pH and oxygen partial pressure,along with a significant decrease in carbon dioxide partial pressure compared to pre-treatment values(P<0.05).Although these changes progressed over time,there were no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).However,the research group had significantly lower X-ray scores,shorter hospitalization time,and less time on O_(2) therapy compared to the control group(P<0.05).Mortality rates were similar between the two groups(P>0.05),but the research group had a significantly lower incidence of complications(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The integration of HFOV combine with PS has proven to effectively expedite the treatment duration,decrease the occurrence of complications,and secure the therapeutic efficacy in managing NRDS.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe pneumonitis after atezolizumab plus bevacizumab for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment:A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a high mortality.However,the treatment options for advanced HCC are limited to tyrosine kinase inhibitors,such as sorafenib and lenvatinib.Since previous regimens have an insufficient efficacy,the combination therapy of atezolizumab and bevacizumab(Ate/Bev)has been investigated,which showed an improvement in progression-free and overall survival.However,the adverse events of this combination therapy in advanced HCC have not been established.Herein,we report a novel case of an unresectable HCC and acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)after a combination therapy of Ate/Bev.CASE SUMMARY An 82-year-old male visited our outpatient clinic for an incidentally detected liver mass.Liver magnetic resonance imaging and enhanced chest computed tomography(CT)were performed,which showed arterial hyperenhancement with washout in delayed phase suggesting HCC,and a well-defined metastatic solid nodule,respectively.F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(PET)-CT exhibited multiple hypermetabolic lesions in the iliac bone,lumbar vertebrae,and femur.Because of the high burden of the intrahepatic tumor,transarterial radioembolization was initially performed;after 37 d,a combination therapy of Ate/Bev was administered.The patient visited the emergency department three days after Ate/Bev treatment complaining of dyspnea.He was diagnosed with severe pneumonitis based on CT.Despite administering oxygen via a high-flow nasal cannula,the P/F ratio was only 74;therefore,the patient was diagnosed with ARDS based on the overall examination results.Low tidal volume with high positive end-expiratory pressure,sedative agents combined with a neuromuscular blocker,and a systemic steroid were promptly applied to manage the ARDS.However,the patient did not recover from the hypoxia and expired 31 h after being admitted.CONCLUSION Clinicians should be aware of severe pneumonitis due to the immune-related adverse events of this combination therapy,and patients should be closely monitored after therapy.

Effects of the prone position on arterial blood gas analysis and respiratory parameters of acute respiratory distress syndrome patients:An observational retrospective study

Objective:To investigate the effect of the first prone position on arterial blood gas analysis and respiratory parameters of acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)patients with and without COVID.Methods:This study was conducted retrospectively with 22 COVID-ARDS and 22 non-COVID ARDS patients,who were placed in a prone position for at least 16 hours on the first day at the intensive care unit admission,and arterial blood gas analysis was taken in the pre-prone,prone and post-prone periods.Results:PaO2 were significantly increased in the pre-prone vs.prone comparison in both groups,but the increase in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio was not significant.In comparing the pre-prone vs.post-prone PaO2/FiO2 ratios,there was a significant difference only in the non-COVID ARDS group.Conclusions:The improved oxygenation provided by prone positioning is more permanent with the“post-prone effect”in non-COVID ARDS patients.This can be attributed to the differences in the pathogenesis of the two ARDS types.

Current status and prospects of basic research and clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)is a common and clinically devastating disease that causes respiratory failure.Morbidity and mortality of patients in intensive care units are stubbornly high,and various complications severely affect the quality of life of survivors.The pathophysiology of ARDS includes increased alveolar–capillary membrane permeability,an influx of protein-rich pulmonary edema fluid,and surfactant dysfunction leading to severe hypoxemia.At present,the main treatment for ARDS is mechanical treatment combined with diuretics to reduce pulmonary edema,which primarily improves symptoms,but the prognosis of patients with ARDS is still very poor.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are stromal cells that possess the capacity to self-renew and also exhibit multilineage differentiation.MSCs can be isolated from a variety of tissues,such as the umbilical cord,endometrial polyps,menstrual blood,bone marrow,and adipose tissues.Studies have confirmed the critical healing and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in the treatment of a variety of diseases.Recently,the potential of stem cells in treating ARDS has been explored via basic research and clinical trials.The efficacy of MSCs has been shown in a variety of in vivo models of ARDS,reducing bacterial pneumonia and ischemia-reperfusion injury while promoting the repair of ventilator-induced lung injury.This article reviews the current basic research findings and clinical applications of MSCs in the treatment of ARDS in order to emphasize the clinical prospects of MSCs.

Right ventricle dysfunction does not predict mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2-related acute respiratory distress syndrome on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support

BACKGROUND The prognostic role of right ventricle dilatation and dysfunction(RVDD)has not been elucidated in patients with coronavirus disease(COVID)-related respiratory failure refractory to standard treatment needing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)support.AIM To assess whether pre veno-venous(VV)ECMO RVDD were related to inintensive care unit(ICU)mortality.METHODS We enrolled 61 patients with COVID-related acute respiratory distress syndrome refractory to conventional treatment submitted to VV ECMO and consecutively admitted to our ICU(an ECMO referral center)from 31th March 2020 to 31th August 2021.An echocardiographic exam was performed immediately before VV ECMO implantation.RESULTS Males were prevalent(73.8%)and patients with a body mass index>30 kg/m^(2) were the majority(46/61,75%).The overall in-ICU mortality rate was 54.1%(33/61).RVDD was detectable in more than half of the population(34/61,55.7%)and associated with higher simplified organ functional assessment(SOFA)values(P=0.029)and a longer mechanical ventilation duration prior to ECMO support(P=0.046).Renal replacement therapy was more frequently needed in RVDD patients(P=0.002).A higher in-ICU mortality(P=0.024)was observed in RVDD patients.No echo variables were independent predictors of in-ICU death.CONCLUSION In patients with COVID-related respiratory failure on ECMO support,RVDD(dilatation and dysfunction)is a common finding and identifies a subset of patients characterized by a more severe disease(as indicated by higher SOFA values and need of renal replacement therapy)and by a higher in-ICU mortality.RVDD(also when considered separately)did not result independently associated with in-ICU mortality in these patients.

Effects of Early-stage Phased Rehabilitation Training on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

[Objectives]To systematically evaluate the effects of early-stage phased rehabilitation training on the oxygenation index,ICU length of stay,duration of mechanical ventilation,and occurrence of complications(ventilator-associated pneumonia,pressure ulcers,delirium)in ARDS patients,thus contributing evidence for the clinical application of early-stage phased rehabilitation training.[Methods]The China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang,and other databases were searched.Literature screening,data extraction,and systematic analysis of the included studies were performed using Revman software.[Results]Thirteen randomized controlled trials involving a total of 860 patients were included in this review.The results of the meta-analysis showed that compared to the traditional rehabilitation training group,the early-stage phased rehabilitation training group demonstrated a significant increase in the oxygenation index of ARDS patients[SMD=1.18,95%CI(1.01,1.35),P<0.01],with statistically significant differences.Furthermore,there were significant reductions in ICU length of stay[SMD=-0.70,95%CI(-0.90,-0.50),P<0.01],duration of mechanical ventilation[SMD=-1.15,95%CI(-1.36,-0.94),P<0.01],and occurrence of complications[OR=0.16,95%CI(0.10,0.26),P<0.01],all of which were statistically significant.[Conclusions]Early-stage phased pulmonary rehabilitation training for ARDS patients effectively improves the oxygenation index,shortens ICU length of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation,and reduces complications.These findings support the clinical application and promotion of early-stage phased rehabilitation training.

Single Lung Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Hydatid disease or echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease. The lungs are the second most commonly affected organ after the liver. Intrathoracic and extrapulmonary hydatid disease can affect the pleura, mediastinum, heart, diaphragm, and chest wall. The unusual location or complications of thoracic hydatid disease can present both a diagnostic problem and a therapeutic and surgical problem. We present results of a case of multilocular thoracic hydatid disease complicated by aortic wall erosion and cystic fistula in a 23-year-old patient who developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on the 4th day after emergency pneumonectomy. The surgery was carried out under the conditions of the auxiliary artificial circulation. This case represented a serious clinical situation with the highest risk to life. The need for immediate respiratory support was due to the development of severe respiratory failure, and the presence of direct and indirect harmful factors of ARDS. The correct choice of modes and techniques of mechanical ventilation resulted in significant and sustained improvement in gas exchange parameters without hemodynamic disorders with a further favorable outcome.

西维来司他钠联合气道压力释放通气治疗创伤所致重度ARDS的临床疗效观察

目的探讨西维来司他钠、气道压力释放通气治疗由创伤导致重度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的疗效。方法选取南阳市中心医院2020年1月至2022年12月期间收治80例重度ARDS患者,依照随机抽签的方法分成两组,各40例。对照组应用气道压力释放通气治疗,观察组在此基础上加用西维来司他钠,比较两组血气、炎性因子、血流动力学指标和预后。结果治疗前,两组动脉二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、动脉氧分压(PaO_(2))、PaO_(2)/吸入氧浓度(FiO_(2))值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗24 h、治疗72 h后,两组PaCO_(2)值均低于治疗前,PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)值均高于治疗前,且观察组PaCO_(2)值低于对照组,观察组PaO_(2)、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)值高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组IL-6、PCT、CRP值均低于治疗前,且观察组IL-6、PCT、CRP值均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组中心静脉压(CVP)、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗24 h、治疗72 h后,对照组CVP、HR、MAP值均低于治疗前,观察组HR低于治疗前,MAP治疗24 h低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗24 h、治疗72 h后,观察组CVP、HR、MAP值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组急性生理和慢性健康状况(APACHEⅡ)评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组APACHEⅡ评分均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论西维来司他钠、气道压力释放通气治疗创伤所致重度ARDS成效佳,能改善血气、炎性因子及血流动力学指标,提高预后。

重症肺炎就是ARDS吗?

急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)是在严重感染、休克、创伤及烧伤等疾病过程中导致的急性低氧性呼吸功能不全,容易与重症肺炎合并低氧血症和重症新型冠状病毒肺炎等疾病相混淆。本文就ARDS的概念、发病机制、病理改变、病理生理以及定义进行了论述,并与重症肺炎合并低氧血症和重症新型冠状病毒肺炎的临床表现等异同进行深入的分析和解读。

Study on acid-base disorders in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome

Arterial blood gases and electrolytes were determined in 159 cases of adult respirato-ry distress syndrome(ARDS).It was found that disordered acid-base balance was a commonfinding in various kinds of ARDS.In mild ARDS,respiratory alkalosis and the combination ofrespiratory alkalosis plus metabolic alkalosis or metabolic acidosis were usually encounted,whilein moderate and severe cases of ARDS,triple acid-base disorders,respiratory acidosis,and thecombination of respiratory acidosis plus metabolic acidosis were commonly seen.Severe alkalosiswas one of the factors to result in death.

晚期早产儿NRDS合并ARDS的围产期高危因素分析

目的:探讨晚期早产儿(胎龄34周至36^(+6)周)新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)合并新生儿急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的高危因素。方法:回顾性分析2019年9月至2023年1月某院新生儿重症监护病房住院治疗的晚期早产儿NRDS病例为研究对象。根据是否发生ARDS分为观察组(NRDS合并ARDS组)和对照组(单纯NRDS组),对两组的围产期高危因素进行对比分析。结果:研究对象共92例,其中观察组44例、对照组48例。两组在性别、胎龄、体重、分娩方式的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组妊娠晚期呼吸道感染、妊娠晚期阴道炎、妊娠晚期维生素D缺乏、羊水粪染、窒息发生率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压、产前促肺治疗、胎膜早破、脐带缠绕、前置胎盘、胎盘早剥、低体重、宫内窘迫的发生率无统计学意义(P>0.05)。将单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量(妊娠晚期呼吸道感染、妊娠晚期阴道炎、妊娠晚期维生素D缺乏、羊水粪染、窒息)纳入到Logistics回归分析中,经逐步Logistics回归分析妊娠晚期呼吸道感染(OR=9.613,95%CI 1.056-87.489,P<0.05);妊娠晚期阴道炎(OR=11.469,95%CI 1.286-102.294,P<0.05);妊娠晚期维生素D缺乏具有统计学意义(OR=7.499,95%CI 1.887-29.802,P<0.05),与晚期早产儿NRDS合并ARDS的关联均有统计学意义。结论:妊娠晚期呼吸道感染、妊娠晚期阴道炎、妊娠晚期维生素D缺乏是晚期早产儿NRDS合并ARDS的独立危险因素。

Short-term prone positioning for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome after cardiopulmonary bypass:A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND Aortic dissection is a complex and dangerous cardiovascular disease,with many complications in the perioperative period,including severe acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),which affects prognosis and increases mortality.Despite the effect of prone positioning(PP)in improving oxygenation in patients with severe ARDS,reports about PP early after cardiac surgery are few and such an opt-ion may be an issue in cardiac surgery patients because of the recent sternotomy.CASE SUMMARY A 40-year-old male patient diagnosed with acute type A aortic dissection on October 22,2021 underwent ascending artery replacement plus total aortic arch replacement plus stent elephant trunk implantation under cardiopulmonary bypass.Unfortunately,he developed ARDS on postoperative day 1.Despite comprehensive treatment with aggressive pulmonary protective ventilation,fluid management with continuous renal replacement therapy,the condition continued to deteriorate and rapidly progressed to severe ARDS with a minimum oxygenation index of 51.We are ready to implement salvage therapy,including PP and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO).Due to the large amount of pericardial mediastinal and thoracic drainage after thoracotomy,ECMO may result in massive postoperative bleeding.Prolonged prone ventilation is often inappropriate after thoracotomy.Therefore,we chose short-term PP for<6 h.Finally,the oxygenation index greatly improved and the diffuse exudation in both lungs of the patient was significantly reduced with short-term prone positioning.CONCLUSION Intermittent short-term PP can improve early postoperative severe ARDS after acute aortic dissection.

血清C1q水平对脓毒症并发ARDS病情评估及预后预测的作用

目的探讨血清C1q在脓毒症合并不同严重程度急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者中的表达和临床价值。方法收集2022年1月—2023年7月武汉大学人民医院重症医学科、呼吸重症科及传染科的脓毒症合并ARDS患者109例的临床资料,检测患者入院24 h内实验室指标。根据入院28 d内的生存情况将患者分为存活组63例和死亡组46例,根据ARDS严重程度分为轻度组32例、中度组38例、重度组39例。比较死亡组和存活组的临床资料及实验室检测指标,不同严重程度患者血清C1q水平,并利用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析血清C1q水平对脓毒症合并ARDS患者预后预测的价值。结果死亡组年龄、SOFA评分、降钙素原(PCT)、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、尿素(UREA)、血尿酸(UA)及肌酐(SCr)均明显高于存活组[Z(t)/P=2.280/0.025、4.241/<0.001、2.031/0.042、2.945/0.003、2.896/0.004、2.068/0.039、2.218/0.027],前白蛋白(PA)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(Alb)、PaO 2及氧合指数(OI)均明显低于存活组[Z(t)/P=2.279/0.023、2.341/0.019、2.700/0.007、4.048/<0.001、6.182/<0.001],且死亡组较存活组脓毒性休克占比大,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)/P=4.718/0.030);血清C1q水平死亡组低于生存组(t/P=4.065/<0.001),重度组<中度组<轻度组(F/P=43.494/<0.001);相关性分析血清C1q与OI呈正相关,与SOFA评分呈负相关(r/P=0.658/<0.001、-0.393/<0.001);多因素Logistic回归分析Alb、C1q及OI水平低,年龄大是脓毒症并发ARDS患者死亡的独立危险因素[OR(95%CI)=1.112(1.018~1.213)、1.029(1.003~1.055)、1.020(1.004~1.036)、1.004(0.997~1.010)]。血清C1q预测脓毒症合并ARDS患者预后的AUC为0.776,95%CI为0.689~0.862,Cut-off值为152.25 mg/L,敏感度、特异度和约登指数分别为为0.804、0.619和0.423。结论血清C1q水平与脓毒症并发ARDS患者病情严重程度具有密切关系,血清C1q水平低是脓毒症并发ARDS患者死亡的独立危险因素,且其检测对脓毒症并发ARDS诊断有一定价值。